scholarly journals Testing the relationships between narcissism, risk attitude, and income with data from a representative German sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Leder ◽  
Sarah Schneider ◽  
Astrid Schütz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
German Population ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Predicted Risk

Narcissism is related to income and risk-taking behavior, but previous studies have computed only pairwise associations and have used only domain-specific risk-taking measures. We jointly investigated narcissistic admiration and rivalry, income, and general risk attitude. Using a representative sample from the German population (N = 14,473), we contrasted a model with an indirect effect through risk attitude to income and a model with additive effects of narcissism and risk attitude. We found stronger effects of admiration on risk attitude and income than of rivalry and no evidence of the proposed indirect effect. Contrary to previous studies, we found that an individual's income was independent of their risk attitude. In exploratory analyses (Response Surface Analysis, level-and-difference-approach), we found that the relative strength of admiration compared with rivalry positively predicted risk attitude and income. Taken together, our findings are consistent with the hierarchical model of grandiose narcissism.

scholarly journals Contextual modulation of preferred social distance during the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Fini ◽  
Luca Tummolini ◽  
A. M. Borghi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Interpersonal Distance ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Contextual Modulation ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Preference

AbstractSocial distancing during a pandemic might be influenced by different attitudes: people may decide to reduce the risk and protect themselves from viral contagion, or they can opt to maintain their habits and be more exposed to the infection. To better understand the underlying motivating attitudes, we asked participants to indicate in an online platform the interpersonal distance from different social targets with professional/social behaviors considered more or less exposed to the virus. We selected five different social targets: a cohabitant, a friend working in a hospital, a friend landed from an international flight, a friend who is back from a cycling ride, or a stranger. In order to measure the realistic and the symbolic perceived threat, we administered the Brief 10-item COVID-19 threat scale. Moreover, in order to measure the risk attitude in different domains, the participants were also asked to fill in the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking DOSPERT scale. Results reveal a general preference for an increased distance from a stranger and the friends who are considered to be more exposed to the virus: the friend working in a hospital or landed from an international flight. Moreover, the interpersonal distance from friends is influenced by the perception of Realistic Threat measured through the Integrated Covid Threat Scale and the Health/Safety Risk Perception/Assumption as measured by the DOSPERT scale. Our results show the flexible and context-dependent nature of our representation of other people: as the social categories are not unchangeable fixed entities, the bodily (e.g., spatial) attitudes towards them are an object of continuous attunement.

Eveningness is Associated with Higher Risk-Taking, Independent of Sex and Personality

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 932-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Ponzi ◽  
M. Claire Wilson ◽  
Dario Maestripieri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Predicted Risk ◽  
Sexual Promiscuity

This study tested the hypotheses that eveningness is associated with higher risk-taking propensities across different domains of risk and that this association is not the result of sex differences or confounding covariation with particular personality traits. Study participants were 172 men and women between 20 and 40 years of age. Surveys assessed chronotype, domain-specific risk-taking and risk-perception, and Big Five personality dimensions. Eveningness was associated with greater general risk-taking in the specific domains of financial, ethical, and recreational decision making. Although risk-taking was associated with both risk perception and some personality dimensions, eveningness predicted risk-taking independent of these factors. Higher risk-taking propensities among evening types may be causally or functionally linked to their propensities for sensation- and novelty-seeking, impulsivity, and sexual promiscuity.

Personality Profile of Risk-Takers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D. Joseph ◽  
Don C. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Risk Takers ◽  
Risk Taker ◽  
Propensity Scale

Abstract. Risk-taking is a long-standing area of inquiry among psychologists and economists. In this paper, we examine the personality profile of risk-takers in two independent samples. Specifically, we examined the association between the Big Five facets and risk-taking propensity across two measures: The Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale (DOSPERT) and the General Risk Propensity Scale (GRiPS). At the Big Five domain level, we found that extraversion and agreeableness were the primary predictors of risk-taking. However, facet-level analyses revealed that responsibility, a facet of conscientiousness, explained most of the total variance accounted for by the Big Five in both risk-taking measures. Based on our findings across two samples ( n = 764), we find that the personality profile of a risk-taker is extraverted, open to experiences, disagreeable, emotionally stable, and irresponsible. Implications for the risk measurement are discussed.

Respondents in Asian Cultures (e.g., Chinese) are More Risk-Seeking and More Overconfident than Respondents in Other Cultures (e.g., in United States) but the Reciprocal Predictions are in Total Opposition: How and Why?

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Li ◽  
Yongqing Fang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Risk Seeking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Predicted Risk

AbstractTriggered by rather surprising findings that respondents in Asian cultures (e.g., Chinese) are more risk-seeking and more overconfident than respondents in other cultures (e.g., in United States) and that the reciprocal predictions are in total opposition, four experiments were designed to extend previous collective-culture oriented researches. Results revealed that (1) Singapore 21, which is a vision of Singapore in the 21st century and has highlighted the promotion of a collective culture, did not advocate greater risk-seeking but led to weaker overconfidence; (2) the knowledge of "financial help from social network" did not permit prediction of risk preference but the knowledge of "the value difference between possible outcomes" did; (3) the social network could be viewed not only as a positive "cushion" but also as a negative "burden" in both gain and loss domains of risky choices; (4) the predictions of the risk-as-value, risk-as-feelings and stereotype hypotheses were not consistent with the predicted risk preferences of others but the predictions of the economic-performance hypothesis were consistent with the predicted risk preferences as well as the predicted overconfidence of others. The implications for cross-cultural variations in overconfidence and for cross-cultural variations in risk-taking were discussed.

scholarly journals The effect of acute alcohol intoxication on risk attitude

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kayleigh McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

There is a strong relationship between engaging in risk taking behaviors, or behaviors with a high probability of negative and undesirable consequences, and the use of alcohol and other substances of abuse. Mounting evidence suggests that dysfunctional decision making contributes to the development and maintenance of addiction and related behaviors. This study explored the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on decision making under risk. Regular drinkers were recruited for a within subjects, placebo controlled, alcohol administration study. They completed a decision-making task at peak alcohol intoxication and at a time matched assessment in a placebo condition, as well as several baseline measures. The aim of this study was to examine whether alcohol intoxication impacts risk attitude. The associations between risk attitude and related personality traits, problematic alcohol use, and alcohol related risk-taking behaviors were also tested. The results of the study suggest that intoxicated risk attitude, and not risk attitude in the placebo condition, is associated with indices of alcohol consumption and to a lesser extent, alcohol consequences. Alcohol intoxication did not significantly impact risk attitude classification. Risk attitude was not associated with impulsive personality traits, alcohol expectancies, or risk-taking behaviors. While risk attitude may have utility for identifying those who are at risk for alcohol problems, tasks designed to assess behavior specific decision processes may be useful for understanding risky patterns of decision making.

scholarly journals Risk taking, perceived risks, and perceived benefits across adolescence: A domain-specific risk-return approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeltje Blankenstein ◽  
Jorien van Hoorn ◽  
Tycho Dekkers ◽  
Arne Popma ◽  
Brenda Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Adolescence is a phase of heightened risk taking compared to childhood and adulthood, which is even more prominent for specific adolescent populations, such as youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Until now little is known about how perceived risks and benefits relate to adolescent risk taking. Here, we used the adolescent version of the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DoSpeRT) scale to investigate the likelihood of risk taking, perceived risks, perceived benefits, and their tradeoff in two studies. In the first longitudinal study, 375 11-to-23-year-olds completed the DOSPERT one up to three times. A second biannual longitudinal study included 180 11-to-20-year old boys diagnosed with ADHD (N=81), and an IQ and age-matched control group (N=99). Using mixed-effects models, we found a peak in likelihood of risk taking in mid-to-late adolescence, but only in the health/safety, ethical, and social domains of risk taking, with similar curvilinear patterns in perceived benefits (peaks) and perceived risks (dips). In both cohorts, perceived risks and benefits were significant predictors of risk taking in all domains, and perceived benefits related more strongly to risk taking than perceived risks. Moreover, perceived benefits increasingly related to risk taking across adolescence, a pattern that was found in recreational risk taking in both studies. Generally, we observed little differences in risk taking, and perceived risks and benefits between the ADHD and control group. However, risk-return models indicated that adolescents with ADHD displayed a heightened likelihood of risk-taking behavior in the social domain, and their perceived risks related less strongly to risk taking, relative to typically developing adolescents. Taken together, our results are consistent with the developmental peak in risk taking observed in real life and highlight the role of perceived risks and benefits in risk taking. These findings provide tentative entry points for possible prevention and intervention.

Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Renee Blais ◽  
Elke U. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Specific Risk

On Measuring Engineering Risk Attitudes1

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Van Bossuyt ◽  
Andy Dong ◽  
Irem Y. Tumer ◽  
Lucila Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Engineering Ethics ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Personal Attitude ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Risk Processes

Risk management is a critical part of engineering practice in industry. Yet, the attitudes of engineers toward risk remain unknown and are not measured. This paper presents the development of a psychometric scale, the engineering-domain-specific risk-taking (E-DOSPERT) test, to measure engineers' risk aversion and risk seeking attitudes. Consistent with a similar psychometric scale to assess general risk attitudes, engineering risk attitude is not single domain and is not consistent across domains. Engineers have different risk attitudes toward five identified domains of engineering risk: processes, procedures and practices; engineering ethics; training; product functionality and design; and legal issues. Psychometric risk profiling with E-DOSPERT provides companies a standard to assess domain-specific engineering risk attitude within organizations and across organizations. It provides engineering educators a standard to assess the understanding of engineering students to the types of risks they would encounter in professional practice and their personal attitude toward responding to those risks. Appropriate interventions can then be implemented to shape risk attitudes as appropriate. Risk-based design decisions can also be shaped by a better understanding of engineer and customer risk attitude. Understanding engineers' risk attitudes is crucial in interpreting how individual engineers will respond to risk in their engineering activities and the numerous design decisions they make across the various domains of engineering risk found in professional practice.

Predicted risk perception and risk-taking behavior: The case of impaired driving

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Dionne ◽  
Claude Fluet ◽  
Denise Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Impaired Driving ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Predicted Risk

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Dospert Scale with Chinese University Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Wu ◽  
Hoi Yan Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The factor structure of the 30-item Domain Specific Risk Taking Attitude (DOSPERT) scale (Blais & Weber, 2006) was examined with a convenience sample of 205 Chinese undergraduate students from Macao. A comparison of five competing models via confirmatory factor analysis yielded empirical support for the perspective that risk-taking attitude was content-dependent. After removing the items in the Financial subscale of the DOSPERT scale and some post hoc modifications, a reasonably good fit to the four-correlated-factor model was achieved, in concordance with the theoretical framework. However, items in some scales needed further revision to purify their factor structure so that the DOSPERT scale would be a more psychometrically sound measure for investigating one's risk-taking attitudes in different life domains.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document