scholarly journals Local Ethnography: The Performability of the Definition

Lituanistica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Matulytė
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Local History ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Knowledge Models ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
John Langshaw Austin ◽  
Definition Of

The research into the definition of local ethnography was prompted by the observation that the local history research is disappearing from the discourse of contemporary discipline of Lithuanian ethnology. In this article, it is attempted to reflect onand discuss the reasons for such a relation, and also to identify the points of mutual interests. The skeptical approach of ethnology in regard to local history and a certain confusion between the theory and practice have been formed by long-term processes. The understanding of local ethnography has been changing along with the sociopolitical situation of the country, the cultural politics, and its ideological attitudes. However, the turning point occurred during the Soviet period, when the local history movement was included in the propaganda network, and was given the role of a mass cultural amateur activity. The profanation of regional research activities has resulted in the devaluation of fundamental ethical ideas, and these consequences of the Sovietization are still present. Conscious avoidance of acknowledging the contribution of local history studies to ethnographic research is noticeable in the current academic environment, as is the separation between the academic and the “amateur” activities: a critical approach towards the latter is motivated by the doubtful expedience and reliability of the data collected by local history researchers, and the mismatch between their activities and the interests of the research programmes that are formed by research institutions. In the case of the problem addressed by this research, the term performability is used in reference to an insight on the performability of language by John Langshaw Austin. In the communication of two platforms – the scientific and the cultural – he allows the opportunity to solve the related tasks by approaching them through different means of access. It is true, though, that the institutionalized research synthesizes the accumulated knowledge, models the interpretations, approbates the meanings, and legitimizes the knowledge. By remaining loyal to the meta-narrative of the modern science, and being a power authority, ethnology does traditionally include the work of local history researchers into its heterogenic knowledge model, which has been formed by methodological instruments. In such a model, the identification code of local history is lost. In the analysis of the performability of the Lithuanian definition local ethnography, the declaration of its activities (the purpose, tasks, and methods), its shift and the adaptation of the terminology is studied from the very first publications on this topic in the Lithuanian language to the meanings of already standardized concepts in the contemporary speciality vocabulary.

scholarly journals Mikhail Prishvin's «Diaries» as a publishing project

Bibliosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
N. Р. Dvortsova
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Local History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Editorial Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publishing Houses

The research centers upon the bibliographical study of the history (1991–2017) and prehistory (1957–1990) of M. M. Prishvin’s «Diaries» (1905–1954) publication recognized as the longest (18 volumes) diaries in Russian literature.  In modern science Prishvin’s «Diaries» are studied in a number of aspects: as a historical and cultural chron­icle of the country in 1905–1954; the writer’s self-consciousness and creative laboratory; a fiction text in the system of its motives, literary and philosophical contexts, as well as from the point of view of its publishing fate which is narrowly understood as a fragmentary history of its publication.  The paper novelty is due to, first, reconstruction of the history and prehistory of the «Diaries» publication, and second, the system analysis of the publication history in connection with the changing economic models of publishing business, types of publishing houses, their repertoire, strategies, and features of the editorial work during the publication of the collected works. Moreover, the author distinguishes three types of ego-texts in Prishvin’s works (sketch books, diary, and diary books) and, accordingly, different publication strategies.  The study reveals that within the prehistory of the «Diaries» publication there were two main approaches to their publishing: first, they were published in shortened versions (1986); second, in fragmentary versions based on the thematic or chronological principle, most often in a journal variant.  Prishvin’s «Diaries» are considered in the context of the writer’s whole collected works: the pre-Soviet («Znanie Publishing House», 1912–1914) and the Soviet («Gosizdat», 1927–1930, 1929–1931; «Goslitizdat», 1935–1939; «Khudozhestvennaya literature», 1982–1986) periods.  The history of Prishvin’s «Diaries» publication in the post-Soviet period is described as a collective book project carried out by the efforts of five state and non-state publishing houses: «Moskovskii Rabochii» (1991–1995), «Russkaya kniga» (1999–2004), «ROSSPEN» (2012); «Novyi Khronograf» (2013–2014); and «Rostok» (2006–2017). The author demonstrates the «Diaries» connection with the repertoire and strategies of these publishers.  After the reconstruction of the history and prehistory of Prishvin’s «Diaries» publication from the initial fragments to full print and electronic versions, the author convincingly proves that this long-term collective book project belongs to the local history of the Russian publishing industry in the XX–XXI centuries.  

Evolution of Scientific Ideas on Responsibility for Aiding and Abetting a Crime

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Nekoz
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Ideas

Introduction. The study of the history of complicity is often carried out outside the context of the general history of criminal law, in this connection, one can find a very arbitrary approach to solving the question of the periodization of the normative history of complicity, which clearly does not contribute to the formation of general and correct ideas about the development of the corresponding criminal legal structure. The history of criminal law provisions on liability for complicity in the commission of a crime makes it possible to better understand the current state of this criminal law institution. In modern science, a typical method of analysis is to study only legal monuments that to some extent reflect the normative ideas about complicity in various historical epochs. In this case, neither available sources from judicial practice nor the provisions of criminal law doctrine are taken into account. This approach to the organization of research is not only incomplete, but also significantly distorts the very principle of historical and legal analysis. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of scientific concepts of responsibility for aiding and abetting a crime, which will prevent an arbitrary approach to the issue of periodization of the normative history of aiding and abetting. Methodology. Various general scientific and special methods of cognition were used in this study. At the same time, the historical and legal method became the key one. Results. The study of the main models of criminal law assessment of complicity allows us to make important clarifications and additions to the existing scientific understanding of the genesis of this criminal law structure. First, it allows us to challenge the very categorical ideas formulated in science about the history of complicity, as a gradual transition from “less perfect” and “incorrect” legislative formulations to “more perfect” and “correct” ones. Second, the study calls into question the thesis about the linear development of criminal law science and practice in terms of assessing complicity in the “Soviet” and “pre-Soviet” period, that the development of complicity in the Soviet era followed the path developed by pre-revolutionary theory and practice. Third, the study proves that at all stages of the development of criminal law, the theoretical and normative understanding of complicity assumed the presence of at least two opposite models. Each alternative model assumed, due to the system properties of criminal law, a specific construction of other criminal legal institutions and norms (involvement, forms of complicity, crimes against public safety, stages of crime, rules for sentencing, etc.). Conclusion. The study of the main models of criminal-legal assessment of complicity presented in the history of domestic legislation and legal doctrine allows us to make important clarifications and additions to the existing scientific ideas about the genesis of this criminal-legal structure.

scholarly journals Scientific mediation: on social processes, contexts and networks in which scientists are embedded

2009 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. C05
Author(s):  
Miguel Martínez López
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Definition Of

Science and Technology Studies have discussed extensively over the social factors that hinder and facilitate scientific-technological activities. Some authors even have attempted to grasp the cultural and power conflicts involved in the definition of concepts, paradigms and research programmes. I will present here a reflection on the concept of 'scientific mediation' which provides a complementary approach about the social networks that constrain, help and constitute scientific research activities. A definition of this concept and some empirical examples will be provided. Nonetheless, I want to emphasise the social processes and contexts that allow us to understand mediations as something else than mere communication and conflict resolution. Secondly, I will defend such an approach in order to support scientific research, but I think that the analysis of scientific mediation needs to be clearly separated from the ideal conceptions of knowledge-society and democratic-ethos. Socialisation of science, finally, is stressed in its meaning of collectively sharing useful knowledge for the improvement of social justice.

scholarly journals Paraxis on Geography Education in Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Shambhu Prasad Khatiwada
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Geography Education ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Reflection In Action ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Different Sources

This paper attempts to analyze the paradoxical view on geography education in Nepal. Praxis interplays the relationships between theory and practice-reflection in action in any academic discipline, like geography education. Geography education demonstrates the strategic linkages of content and pedagogy in teaching and research activities. Even now, geography occupies an important place not only in schools but also in university curricula. However, the easier it is to define geography, the harder it is to define geography education. Butt (2011) includes both parameters of geography (as a discipline) and education (as an activity) in the definition of geography education. This paper fulfills the objectives through systematic reviews of appropriate literature related to geography education. For this purpose, 50 documents were searched from different sources, such as Google, abstracts, keywords, and books. Only 15 papers and books were selected that gave pace to theories, methods, and pedagogical practices in geography education. The findings of this paper show that the definition of geography education is limited only to teaching geography in schools and colleges. In addition, teaching requires content knowledge (subject matters) related to geographic concepts, themes, traditions, tools and techniques, and contemporary issues related to climate change, environmental degradation, disasters, etc., in the curriculum. Pedagogical knowledge is also equally essential to deliver that content effectively to learners. Thus, geography provides the basis for choosing what content to teach at a particular level and, geography education helps to select teaching methods. It shows that the first is focused on the content and the second on pedagogy.

Developing capital accounting practices in the integrated reporting system of agricultural organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 906-921
Author(s):  
R.A. Alborov ◽  
S.M. Kontsevaya ◽  
S.V. Kozmenkova
Keyword(s):  
Original Method ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Agricultural Organization

Subject. This article deals with the theory-and practice-relevant issues of classification and content definition of different types of capital used as sources of operations financing, and recommendations for developing their accounting in agricultural organizations. Objectives. The article aims to substantiate the organizational and methodological aspects of capital accounting development to generate information on value reserve and creation of value as new in the organization's integrated reporting. The article also aims to define the classification and content of capital types as sources of financing for the organization's activities and develop recommendations for developing the accounting of the availability, increase, reduction or transformation of the relevant types of capital in the organization's business activities. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy, and comparison. The scientific works of domestic specialists and regulations, including the International Standard on Integrated Reporting (IR) are the methodological basis of this work. Results. The article defines conceptual provisions and offers practical recommendations on the set-up and development of capital flow accounting in the corporate governance system of the agricultural organization. It clarifies the classification and economic content of capital as a source of funding for the organization's reproduction activities. The article also offers an original method of accounting for the value reserve (balances) and capital changes. Conclusions and Relevance. The practical application of the developed recommendations for value accounting and capital changes will help generate all the necessary information in the integrated reporting of the agricultural organization to assess its reserves of value, create value as new, economic, environmental, and social efficiency of the organization's activities. The results of the study can be used to develop the theory, methodology and techniques of accounting of capital types as sources of financing of value creation as a result of the agricultural organization's business activities.

CONSUMER CREDIT: THEORY AND PRACTICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Shavkat Abdullayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Consumer Lending ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The article discusses the theoretical foundations, current status and ways of improving consumer lending in Uzbekistan. It were studied the views of foreign and domestic scientists on the definition of consumer credit. There are analyzed the disadvantages of consumer credits and are proposed ways to improve them

РЕЛИГИЯ И НАУКА: КОНФЛИКТ ИЛИ ДИАЛОГ? (ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МИРОВОЗЗРЕНЧЕСКИХ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ПРОТИВОРЕЧИЙ В РОССИЙСКОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
G. E. Bokov
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Religion And Science ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Official Position ◽  
The Face

The article is devoted to the study of the worldviews and social contradictions in Russian society on the example of two different positions on the relationship between religion and science. According to one of these positions these relationships are defined as conflict. The second, opposing point of view says there never was and there cannot be any conflict between religion and science. In the publication such points are called “the paradigm of conflict” and “the paradigm of dialogue”. It shows, the first “paradigm” in the Soviet period of Russian history was determined by ideologization of science and was an important part of anti-religious propaganda. On the contrary, “the paradigm of dialogue” has always been represented primarily by religious thinkers. Today it is the official position of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate. The official Church document “The Basis of the Social Concept” says religion and science are designed to complement each other, especially in solving ethical problems that inevitably arise in the face of modern science. However, secular scientists often see in such statements the Church’s claims to active participation in the public life, including the educational process. Representatives of the academic community often speak out against the introduction of the theological educational programs and the theological departments in secular Universities of the Russian Federation. Thus, in contemporary Russian society some continue to believe that there is a conflict between religion and science, while others insist on the need for dialogue.

О вопросах фольклоризма в письменной литературе

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Суусар Искендерова
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Term ◽  
Literature Culture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Аннотация: Исследование проблемы фольклоризма является наиболее актуальной в современной науке о фольклоре. На разных этапах развития художественной литературы для формирования индивидуального творчества писателя особенно значимым становятся фольклорные жанры, сюжетные мотивы и художественные средства. В статье рассматривается связь письменной литературы и фольклора, особенно точка зрения проблеме фольклоризма в прошлом и их анализ. Термин «фольклоризм» начал использоваться советскими исследователями учеными как научный термин еще в 1930-х гг. Термин «фольклоризм» используется в различных сферах культуры, а в этой статье мы будем рассматривать в литературе. Несмотря на то, что на протяжении многих лет этот вопрос изучается литературоведами, фольклористами, все -таки нет единого теоретического определения понятия. Ключевые слова: фольклор, фольклоризм, литература, культура, письменная литература, художественная литература, оседлый народ, пословицы и поговорки, фольклорные песни. Аннотация: Көркөм адабияттын өнүгүүсүнүн ар кайсы баскычтарында сүрөткердин жеке чыгармачылыгынын калыптанышы үчүн фольклордук жанрлар, сюжеттер, мотивдер жана көркөм каражаттар айрыкча мааниге ээ. Макалада жазма адабият менен фольклордук карым-катышы, айрыкча фольклоризм маселеси жөнүндө мурдагы көз караштарга кайрылып, аларга талдоо жүргүзүү менен бирге автор өз байкоолорунда келтирет. “Фольклоризм” деген илимий термин 1930-жылы баштап колдонула баштаган. “Фольклоризм” термини маданияттын түрдүү сфераларында кеңири колдо- нулат, бул жерде адабияттагы колдонулушун каралат. Макалада адабий материал менен фольклордук байланышын терең түшүнүү үчүн адабий фольклоризм маселесинин талаштуу жактары каралат. Түйүндүү сөздөр: фольклор, фольклоризм, адабият, маданият, жазма адабият, көркөм адабият, көчмөн калк, макал-лакап, фольклордук ырлар. Annotation: The study of the problem of folklore is the most relevant in the modern science of folklore. At various stages in the development of fiction, folklore genres, plot motifs, and artistic means become especially significant for the formation of the writer's individual creativity. The article examines the relationship between written literature and folklore, especially the point of view of the problem of folklorism in the past and their analysis. The term "folklorism" began to be used by Soviet scholars as a scientific term back in the 1930s. The term "folklorism" is used in various fields of culture, and in this article we will consider in the literature. Despite the fact that for many years this issue has been studied by literary scholars, folklorists, all the same there is no single theoretical definition of the concept. Keywords: folklore, folklorism, literature, culture, written literature, fiction, settled people, proverbs and sayings, folk songs.

Integrating molecular and morphological approaches for characterizing parasite cryptic species: implications for parasitology

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (13) ◽  
pp. 1688-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN A. NADLER ◽  
GERARDO PÉREZ-PONCE DE LEÓN
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Parasite Biodiversity ◽  
Operational Practices ◽  
Methodological Considerations

SUMMARYHerein we review theoretical and methodological considerations important for finding and delimiting cryptic species of parasites (species that are difficult to recognize using traditional systematic methods). Applications of molecular data in empirical investigations of cryptic species are discussed from an historical perspective, and we evaluate advantages and disadvantages of approaches that have been used to date. Developments concerning the theory and practice of species delimitation are emphasized because theory is critical to interpretation of data. The advantages and disadvantages of different molecular methodologies, including the number and kind of loci, are discussed relative to tree-based approaches for detecting and delimiting cryptic species. We conclude by discussing some implications that cryptic species have for research programmes in parasitology, emphasizing that careful attention to the theory and operational practices involved in finding, delimiting, and describing new species (including cryptic species) is essential, not only for fully characterizing parasite biodiversity and broader aspects of comparative biology such as systematics, evolution, ecology and biogeography, but to applied research efforts that strive to improve development and understanding of epidemiology, diagnostics, control and potential eradication of parasitic diseases.

Contemporary psychosurgery and a look to the future

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Feldman ◽  
Ronald L. Alterman ◽  
James T. Goodrich
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
Patient Selection Criteria ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Despite a long and controversial history, psychosurgery has persisted as a modern treatment option for some severe, medically intractable psychiatric disorders. The goal of this study was to review the current state of psychosurgery. Methods. In this review, the definition of psychosurgery, patient selection criteria, and anatomical and physiological rationales for cingulotomy, subcaudate tractotomy, anterior capsulotomy, and limbic leukotomy are discussed. The historical developments, modern procedures, and results of these four contemporary psychosurgical procedures are also reviewed. Examples of recent advances in neuroscience indicating a future role for neurosurgical intervention for psychiatric disease are also mentioned. Conclusions. A thorough understanding of contemporary psychosurgery will help neurosurgeons and other physicians face the ethical, social, and technical challenges that are sure to lie ahead as modern science continues to unlock the secrets of the mind and brain.

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