scholarly journals Scientific mediation: on social processes, contexts and networks in which scientists are embedded

2009 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. C05
Author(s):  
Miguel Martínez López
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Definition Of

Science and Technology Studies have discussed extensively over the social factors that hinder and facilitate scientific-technological activities. Some authors even have attempted to grasp the cultural and power conflicts involved in the definition of concepts, paradigms and research programmes. I will present here a reflection on the concept of 'scientific mediation' which provides a complementary approach about the social networks that constrain, help and constitute scientific research activities. A definition of this concept and some empirical examples will be provided. Nonetheless, I want to emphasise the social processes and contexts that allow us to understand mediations as something else than mere communication and conflict resolution. Secondly, I will defend such an approach in order to support scientific research, but I think that the analysis of scientific mediation needs to be clearly separated from the ideal conceptions of knowledge-society and democratic-ethos. Socialisation of science, finally, is stressed in its meaning of collectively sharing useful knowledge for the improvement of social justice.

scholarly journals Alternative approaches in the conceptualization of social capital

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (174-175) ◽  
pp. 152-167
Author(s):  
Natasa Golubovic ◽  
Srdjan Golubovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Consistent Theory ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Despite the great interest for the concept and a considerable number of papers that deal with the subject of social capital, yet there is no unique and consistent definition of social capital. Forming a consistent theory of social capital is hindered by the presence of several different approaches in the analysis of this phenomenon. Depending on the author?s theoretical position in the definition of social capital or the analysis of its sources, components and outcomes, the emphasis rests on different social processes and relationships. The aim of this paper is to analyze alternative approaches in the conceptualization of social capital, their advantages and shortfalls, and their implications for the development of the social capital theory.

scholarly journals The Potential of Modeling Process for Social Sciences and Social Work

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-134
Author(s):  
Andrés Lorenzo-Aparicio ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Ecosystems

Simplification and necessary reductionism in a model cannot lead to detailed descriptions of social phenomena with all their complexity, but we can obtain useful knowledge from their application both in specific and generic contexts. Human ecosystems, that perform as adaptative complex systems, have features which make it difficult to generate valid models. Amongst them, the emergency phenomena, that presents new characteristics that cannot be explained by the components of the system itself. But without this knowledge derived from modelling, we, as social workers, cannot suggest answers that ignore the structural causes of social problems. Faced with this challenge we propose Agent Based Modelling, as it allows us to study the social processes of human ecosystems and in turn demonstrates new challenges of knowledge and competences that social workers might have.

scholarly journals Technical Problematisation: A Democratic Way to Deal with Contested Projects?

2021 ◽  
pp. 097172182199558
Author(s):  
Yannick Barthe ◽  
Morgan Meyer ◽  
Göran Sundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Nuclear Waste Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

A strong social and technical divide is particularly visible in the predominant understanding of technological innovation in modern societies. The field of Science and Technology Studies (STS) aims to overcome this divide, by focusing on the continuously entwined relationships between the social and the technical, that is, sociotechnical combinations. In this article, we argue that while it is reasonable to state that the social and the technical are entangled, it should be acknowledged that some issues are dealt with solutions that are more technical than others. A technical problematisation (the definition of an issue as a problem that is treated via a technical solution) is different to a social problematisation (the definition of an issue as a problem that is treated via a social solution) of the same issue. Our discussion is built upon examples from nuclear waste management, where the social–technical divide has been strong. However, more recently there has been a push for more democracy in technical decision making in this area, with much experimentation on public participation taking place. The only way these activities will successfully support such a democratising process is for them to be integrated into a renewed and explicitly acknowledged technical problematisation of proposed solutions.

scholarly journals The indigenous methodology as a method for studying social processes in the arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 00022
Author(s):  
Ulyana Vinokurova ◽  
Akulina Mestnikova ◽  
Galina Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Indigenous Methodology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Search For Information

In 2020, under the guidance of Doctor of Sociological Sciences Ulyana Vinokurova, the textbook “Social Processes in the Arctic” was published. It presents results of the studies on the sociology of the Arctic as a circumpolar macro-region conducted by sociologists of Yakutia. The textbook is the beginning of the series “Sociology in the Arctic” and the scientific and educational project of Arctic research, which forms the basis of Arctic education. This article presents the summary 4 modules containing the results of scientific research introduced into the educational disciplines of the social and humanitarian cycle. The first module presents the theoretical part; the second module is “The Arctic as a social phenomenon”; module 3 is “Social dynamics in the Arctic”; module 4 is “Social differentiation”. Special attention is paid to the social processes in the Arctic investigated with the indigenous methodology, factors of stability and risks of geo-eco-socio-systems of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic. This manual creates an opportunity for an independent search for information, trends in socio-humanitarian knowledge in Arctic studies.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PERFORMANCE-BASED RESEARCH FUNDING TOOL

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4(69)) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
O.E. RUBEL ◽  
A.A. ZHIKHAREVA
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Research Evaluation ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Experimental Development ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Definition Of

Topicality. The implementation of the Performance-based research funding (PBRF) in EU Member States has been a priority for the development of research and innovation in last time. This financial mechanism refers to the type of competitive organizational and institutional allocation of research funding.Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to develop the theoretical basis of Performance-Based Research Funding (PBRF) assessment to increase the effectiveness of scientific research. Also the aim of the article to analyze the implementation of this mechanism in in Ukraine.Research results. Given the formation of Academic Freedom in the article, it will be clarified: the structure of the evaluation of the financing of research based on the results, the constellations of scientific activities, the category of research activities, and the hypotheses concerning the effectiveness of the national research evaluation systems (NRES). The taxonomy of the indicators of the efficiency of subsidiary activity in Ukraine, New Zealand, Sweden is considered.The following factors explain efficiency differences between science systems: The level of competition; Share of project funding; Performance based funding systems; National evaluation systems.The following activities are excluded from the definition of research except where they are used primarily for the support, or as part, of research and experimental development activities: preparation for teaching; the provision of advice or opinion, except where it is consistent with the PBRF’s Definition of research; scientific and technical information services; general purpose or routine data collection; standardisation and routine testing (but not including standards development); feasibility studies (except into research and experimental development projects); specialised routine medical care; the commercial, legal and administrative aspects of patenting, copyrighting or licensing activities.Conclusions. Theoretical basis of Performance-Based Research Funding (PBRF) assessment to increase the effectiveness of scientific research in Ukraine is developed. The Performance-based research funding is governed by the following set of principles: comprehensiveness; respect for academic traditions; consistency; continuity; differentiation; credibility; efficiency; transparency; complementarity. The Methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of scientific institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, in our opinion, can be supplemented by 3 elements: Moderation Panel. Comprehensive peer-review panel and PBRF audit.

scholarly journals Por Uma Leitura Corsária de os “Pobres” de Georg Simmel

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (42) ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
Rafael Marques ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Georg Simmel ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Welfare State ◽  
Definition Of

In this text we propose an allegoric reading of Georg Simmel’s text “The Poor”, concentrating our analysis in the interactional, dialogical and reciprocal dimensions that constitute the poor as a social category and impose certain character traits and social roles to them. Signaling the continuities between alms giving and the modern Welfare State, we propose a cynical look at the social processes that defined the poor as a non-existence or as a pretext for a moral enrichment of the givers and helpers. We mark a long process that started with the definition of poverty as pathology and culminated in the buildup of an identity of the poor according to statistical categories and rational classificatory systems. The poor is characterized as a combinatorial type, receiving its meaning from the association with other concepts and as an absence of a value in itself.

scholarly journals Post-Truth Society? An Eliasian Sociological Analysis of Knowledge in the 21st Century

Sociology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003803852199403
Author(s):  
Dominic Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Exposure ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Analysis Of Knowledge

This article draws on Elias’s sociology of knowledge to delineate the social processes that have culminated in the development of the post-truth phenomenon. It argues that technological and social changes have led to a complex commingling of increased emotion and increasingly ‘rational’ debating techniques. These have been accompanied by an increasing human capacity to consider issues on multiple ‘levels’ and anticipate the varied ways in which different audiences could perceive particular propositions. While these changes explain the polarisation of views characteristic of post-truth, the theory of informalisation is invoked to explain the relative absence of shame at the public exposure of ‘untruths’. The article expands debates in communication and science and technology studies to locate post-truth as an emergent form of knowledge contingent upon new forms of communication, a re-structuring of social interdependencies and changes in modes of thinking. In so doing, it advances the sociological analysis of knowledge.

scholarly journals A SOCIAL FUNCTION IN THE SYSTEM OF STATE FUNCTIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
A. Dmytryk ◽  
O. Ilyushyk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Social Purpose ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

The article deals with the social function in the system of functions of the state, namely the definition of this concept. In state functioning there is purposeful influence on various spheres of life, social processes and connections. In performing certain functions, the state affects social processes, their dynamics and directions through reforms, transformations, legal regulation of social relations. The implementation of social functions stabilizes the development of the society. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the definitions of the state social functions and provides its relevant concept. It can be argued that the definition of social functions of the state depends on a number of factors, namely legal, political, ideological, informational, etc. It is established that in the theory of the state and law much attention is paid to the study of the social functions of the state. It is determined that the social function of the state, as a dynamic one and inherent in a particular stage of development of the state determines the main activities of the state, expressing its essence and social purpose, aimed at implementing the goals and objectives. The Constitution of Ukraine, along with other tasks, sets the goal of forming a welfare state. The changes that have taken place as a result of the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand, have radically changed the socio-political and socio-economic situation in the society, as well as the ideas on the purpose, priorities and methods of realization of the social function of the state. The social function of the state is one of the main activities carried out in the social sphere of public relations to provide citizens with a decent standard of living, resolve social contradictions and realize the agreed interests of citizens, based on socially recognized and legally established social standards. The purpose of this article is to study the social function of the state. Despite the significant number of scientific papers devoted to the study of issues, the harmonisation of national legislation to the requirements of the European Union initiates research on the social function of the state in the context of dynamic socio-economic changes. Keywords: a state, a function, a social function, the objectives of the state, classification, stability, a social purpose of the state.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT AND CONTENT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL SECURITY LAW

2020 ◽  
pp. 406-413
Author(s):  
К. В. Гнатенко
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Given

The article is devoted to the formation of a comprehensive, systematic and comprehensive understanding of the concept of “principles of social security law”. To achieve the goal of scientific research, the positions of scientists on the definition of a more general concept of “principles of law” are highlighted. The essential legal features of the given legal category are clarified. The importance of such legal features as reality, objectivity, consolidation of a certain pattern of development of social relations, legal nature, etc. is emphasized. Special works of theorists of the social security sphere on the given problems are revealed. It is noted that each scientific position reflects a separate aspect of the manifestation of the principles of social security law and focuses on their specific legal features. However, none of the above definitions offers a proper in-depth and comprehensive approach to revealing the essence of the principles of social security law. Based on the covered material, the author’s definition of the concept “principles of social security law” is proposed.

Nová etapa vo vývoji inštitucionalizácie inovačných procesov: grassroots inovácie

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Hrivnák ◽  
Katarína Melichová ◽  
Oľga Roháčiková
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Institutional Form ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Considerable Heterogeneity ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Institutional Unit

A simple sectoral division of socio-economic actors into four basic sectors is no longer enough today. With the liberalization of social processes and the growth of the dynamics of innovative and creative communities, new, often inter-sectoral, in terms of institutional form hybrid, community (bottom-up) projects and organizations based around concrete innovative projects, can be observed in the conditions of both developed and developing countries. This projects can through new solutions and the pressure to shift the social change, facilitate the mitigation of specific local sectoral and cross-sectoral problems, or partially contribute to solving global challenges by activating the interest of local society. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the existing approaches to the definition of the institutional unit "grassroot" innovation and to define the basic conceptual framework for their further research.The results of the synthesis of foreign knowledge suggest that the considerable heterogeneity of grassrots innovations requires the study of this phenomenon at the multi-disciplinary level, while it is necessary to clearly define them and systematically monitor them at the level of state authorities.

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