scholarly journals The Relationship between Religious Tolerance and Ethnic Relation Practices among Multi-Ethnic Youth in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadijah Muda ◽  
Siti Nor Azhani Tohar ◽  
Siti Norbaya Mat Yacob ◽  
Rabiah Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Ethnic Relation ◽  
The Relationship

Russian Empire’s Religious Institutions in the 18th - Early 20th Century: The Evolution of “Friend - Alien - Foe” Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-31
Author(s):  
Alexandre Yu. Bendin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Institutional Relations ◽  
The Relationship

The Russian governments three principal institutions to regulate the empires diverse religions from the 18th to the early 20th century are examined. Its author describes the evolution of these bodies, their features and purpose, as well as defining the concept of religious security by analyzing its specific historical content. The author also discusses the relationship between the institutions of the official Russian Church, religious tolerance for foreign confessions, and discrimination against the Old Believers through the prism of friend - alien - foe relations. This approach helps us understand the hierarchical nature of the relations and contradictions that existed between the institutions, whose activities regulated the religious life of the Russian Empires subjects until 1905. The article goes on to analyze the relationship between the official legal status of the Russian Church, imperial tolerance, and religious discrimination. It concludes that the formation of the three state-religious institutions that began in the 18th century ended during the reign of Emperor Nicholas I. That time saw the beginning of the gradual evolution of friend - alien - foe inter-institutional relations, which peaked under Emperor Nicholas in 1904-1906. The author also considers the changes in the governments policy towards the Russian schism of the 17th century, which ultimately removed the friend-or-foe opposition in the relations between the Russian state, the Russian Church and the schismatic Old Believers. In accordance with the modernized legislation on religious tolerance, lawful Old Believers and sectarians moved from the category of religious and political foes to that of aliens, to which foreign confessions traditionally belonged. Under the new legal and political conditions, intolerance and religious discrimination against the schism ceased to be an instrument of state policy.

Piety, Purity, and Nationalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-193
Author(s):  
Mary E. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Political Pluralism ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
The Press ◽  
New Democracy ◽  
The Relationship

In the post-Suharto era, freedom of speech, particularly the press, quickly gained stronger legal protections in the constitutional reforms of the early 2000s. Its exercise by citizens and journalists alike has been a key force in warding off a democratic reversal. Yet, following the unshackling of religious expression, a rise in Islamic fundamentalism and a backlash against Western liberalism have inspired new religious intolerance that has circumscribed certain forms of speech and threatened the embrace of diversity long central to Indonesia’s identity. Chapter 6 examines the intersection of religious tolerance, freedom of speech, and political pluralism to understand the relationship between regulating blasphemy and the future of Indonesia’s new democracy. Specifically, it studies the way Indonesia surged forward economically and politically in establishing a more modern democracy while atavistic elements from its past continue to complicate its transition.

scholarly journals Status Identitas dan Toleransi Beragama pada Remaja

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Vinaya Untoro ◽  
Maharani Ardi Putri
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ego Identity ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Identity Diffusion ◽  
Identity Foreclosure ◽  
Identity Achievement ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research which found that adolescent tend to involve in radicalism make interesting to find out the relationship between identity status and religious tolerance in adolescence. This research involved 157 participants whose ages ranged from 11 to 24 years. The variable of identity status was conceptualized based on Erikson’s exploration and commitment aspects, and was measured using Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ). Meanwhile, religious tolerance was measured using a rating scale adapted from van der Walt’s religious tolerance scale. This study found negative relationship between commitment and religious tolerance, and there is no a relationship between exploration and religious tolerance. From four identity status tested, it is found that most participants are in the category of identity diffusion which means that most participants have no specific commitment and interest in ideology. The result also shows that identity moratorium has the highest mean in religious tolerance, and it is found significantly different with identity achievement and identity foreclosure. Based on the commitment aspect, participants with achievement and foreclosure identity status tend to be religiously intolerance, while those with identity moratorium are found most open to the others’ worldviews.Keywords: Identity status, religious tolerance, adolescentAbstrak: Adanya survei yang menunjukkan besarnya kecenderungan remaja untuk melakukan tindakan radikalisme melandasi dilakukannya penelitian ini yang bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara status identitas dan toleransi beragama pada remaja. Responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 157 remaja dengan rentang usia 11-24 tahun, yang dimasukkan dalam 4 kategori status identitas. Status identitas diukur dengan menggunakan dua kriteria utama pembentukan identitas dari Erikson, yaitu exploration dan commitment, serta diukur menggunakan skala Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ). Toleransi beragama diukur menggunakan skala toleransi agama yang diadaptasi dari skala yang disusun van der Walt. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan negatif antara dimensi komitmen dengan toleransi beragama, sedangkan dimensi eksplorasi dengan toleransi beragama tidak terbukti berhubungan.  Hasil uji terhadap 4 kategori status identitas menunjukkan bahwa  sebagian besar partisipan berada dalam kategori identitas diffusion yang berarti tidak memiliki komitmen ideologis. Selain itu, identity moratorium memiliki rerata yang paling tinggi dalam toleransi beragama dan berbeda signifikan dengan identity achievement dan identity foreclosure. Berdasarkan pada tingginya dimensi komitmen dan karakteristik masing-masing kategori status identitas, identity achieve-ment dan identity foreclosure merupakan kategori yang memiliki kecenderungan untuk bersikap intoleran, sedangkan identity moratorium masih memiliki keterbukaan terhadap perbedaan agama atau ideologi.

scholarly journals al-Wasatiyyah in the practice of religious tolerance among the families of new Muslims in sustaining a well-being society

Humanomics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadijah Mohd Khambali@Hambali ◽  
Suraya Sintang ◽  
Azarudin Awang ◽  
Khairul Nizam Mat Karim ◽  
Nur Farhana Abdul Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Data Accumulation ◽  
East Malaysia ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The main value in a culture of tolerance is wasatiyyah. The fragility of relationships and misunderstanding between Muslim and non-Muslim communities occurs when attention to values of tolerance which need more attention on moderation was not practiced especially in the life of a new Muslim convert community. Thus, the practice of moderation is one mechanism proposed by the government to ensure a harmonious continuation of life in a religious community can be achieved. For that, a qualitative study design was used to describe the current status of a phenomenon that occurs among new Muslim converts. The purposive sampling method is used to determine the applications of wasatiyyah in new Muslims’ life tolerance at Kota Kinabalu (East Malaysia) and Kuala Terengganu (West Malaysia). Although the study was conducted at two different locations, there is a relationship between religious phenomena that occur in the new Muslims community in Malaysia. The purpose of this study is to see the practical concept of moderation in the life of new Muslims and their relation with Muslims and non-Muslims. The results showed that the value of moderation was applied in the aspect of tolerance. The application of Wasatiyyah in practice of tolerance had helped non-Muslims family members to change their attitudes and perception towards Islam. This study suggests the values of wasatiyyah in the life of religious tolerance, need to be nourished especially in multiethnic society when sharing a living places, education and employment for better social development as well as a well-being pluralistic society. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted through descriptive data qualitative methods. Purposive sampling was used which refers to a group that has the characteristics of samples required by researchers (Mohd Najib Abdul Ghafar 2003). This study applies the method of in-depth interview with the selected new Muslims around Kota Kinabalu (representing East Malaysia) and around Kuala Terengganu (representing Peninsular Malaysia/West Malaysia). Thus, data accumulation involves new Muslims (new Converts) from various ethnics (Sabahan and Sarawakian) which comprise Kadazandusun, Murut, Rungus, Sino and Iban. Secondly, those are from the Peninsular Malaysia which includes Chinese and Indian. Whereas in Kuala Terengganu, data accumulation involves new Muslims from various ethnics (Chinese, Indian, Sarawakian and others). The result of the interview is shown through descriptive narratives which display the practice of tolerance in the form of supportive interaction from the non-Muslim families towards the new Muslims in Islamic lifestyle. Findings The concept of wasatiyyah has nurturing tolerance among Muslim, newly Muslim and non-Muslim as well as fostering harmony among the diverse ethnics in Malaysia. Based on the discussion, it was observed that the concept of wasatiyyah had a great influence on the relationship among Muslim, newly Muslim and non-Muslim, as it had a strong link with the value of akhlaq that have been embedded in the Muslim community. The wasatiyyah is the main element that shapes the relationship, and it is the results of interaction with social norms, for it has bred certain social values that include tolerance, compromise, modesty, respect and cooperation as transpired when they (Muslim and newly Muslim) interact among themselves or with other communities. Furthermore, the main goal for the concept is to maintain peace and built well-being in the society as well as bracing racial ties in Malaysia, especially among Muslim, newly Muslim and non-Muslim. Originality/value Tolerance is a culture that founded the co-existence of pluralistic society in Malaysia. The culture of tolerance can only be built if ethnic tolerance and religious tolerance is accepted as a common practice – Muslims and non-Muslims alike. The description of wasatiyyah in the practice of religious tolerance among the families of new Muslims is the platform towards the acculturation of tolerance in the societal life from different faith and ethnics. It can be said that the higher the tolerance of ethnic, the higher is the religious tolerance, which is manifested through the application of wasatiyyah between people from different religions. This situation is highlighted in the relations of Muslim, newly Muslim and non-Muslim in Sabah and Terengganu where the culture of tolerance is apparent in the life together. Extensive interaction through encounters, acquaintance and co-existence that shape the friendship, brotherhood and kinship is the best formula in nurturing the culture of tolerance in the pluralistic society of Malaysia. Perhaps, the concept of wasatiyyah may be implemented in the whole aspect of life in the context of Malaysia. It is because the term wasatiyyah has the main sources of Islamic epistemology as well as sustaining the well-being pluralistic society without destroying the differences.

scholarly journals On the Limits Between Religion and Politics: Contributions of John Locke for Thinking the Present

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Alan Santana Rauschkolb ◽  
José Reinaldo Felipe Martins Filho
Keyword(s):  
John Locke ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Human Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: this article is at the point of convergence between the universes of politics and religion, trying to demonstrate the limits of one against the other, especially in view of the growth of "ideologically converted" initiatives within the current Brazilian political scenario. To this end, it pursues and exposes the understanding of the English philosopher John Locke regarding the relationship between politics and religion from the concept of religious tolerance. For Locke, politics and religion represent two distinct spheres of human action, each of which is governed by an internal logic both as to its scope over individuals and as to its social role - the first directed to the sphere of security , order and maintenance of life and property and the second to the internal forum and the search for the salvation of souls. At the end of this study we intend to highlight how Lockean thought can contribute to the construction of a posture of openness to dialogue with differences, which the author has named: tolerance.Sobre os Limite entre a Religião e a Política: contributos de John Locke para se pensar o presenteResumo: o presente artigo situa-se no ponto de confluência entre os universos da política e da religião, procurando demonstrar os limites de um em face do outro, sobretudo em vista do crescimento de iniciativas “ideologicamente convertidas” dentro do atual cenário político brasileiro. Para isso, persegue e expõe o entendimento do filósofo inglês John Locke no que tange à relação entre política e religião a partir do conceito de tolerância religiosa. Para Locke política e religião representam duas esferas distintas da ação humana, sendo cada uma gerida por uma lógica interna tanto no que diz respeito ao seu alcance sobre os indivíduos, quanto no que se refere ao seu papel social – a primeira dirigida à esfera da seguridade, da ordem e da manutenção da vida e da propriedade e a segunda ao foro interno e à busca pela salvação das almas. Ao término deste estudo pretende-se realçar em quê o pensamento lockeano pode contribuir na construção de uma postura de abertura ao diálogo com as diferenças, o que o autor nomeou: tolerância.

scholarly journals KONSEP TOLERANSI BERAGAMA DALAM TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN TEMATIK KARYA TIM DEPARTEMEN AGAMA REPUBLIK INDONESIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Ridho Dinata
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Religious Other ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In a decade of post-reformation era, the religious life has been nuanced  with the vast existence of radical-fundamental movements that underscore the non-compromised mode of action and tend to legalize violence pursuing their aims in Indonesia. At the same time, it is urgent to note the release of The Thematic Exegesis (Tafsir) of Al-Qur’an: The Inter-religious Relationship as the implementation of RPJMN 2004-2009 by the Ministry of Religious affairs the Republic of Indonesia. The issue of the exegesis serves as the benchmark of various Tafsir of either in a too-literal or a too-liberal one appeared in Indonesia. The issue is then the relationship between the condition of religious life in Indonesia and The Thematic Exegesis of AlQur’an: The Inter-religious Relationship as the government type of Tafsir.This research uses a critical discourse analysis in that it implements Teun A. van Dijk’s model of discourse analysis focused on three dimensional constructions of discourse: text, social cognition, and social context. To sum up, the concepts of religious tolerance offered in the exegesis are the principles of religious freedom, the tolerance of religious other, and the harmonious principle. Those three concepts of religious tolerance are a government version as it is imbued in the Exegesis produced by the government. This underlines the relationship of the Exegesis as a product of knowledge and power.

MIKOROT DALAM KONTEKS KEBUDAYAAN ETNIK DUSUN DI SABAH: ANALISIS DARI PERSPEKTIF HUBUNGAN ETNIK

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-120
Author(s):  
BUDI ANTO MOHD TAMRING
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Ethnic Relation ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethnic Tension ◽  
The Relationship

Kebanyakan negara di dunia yang mempunyai komposisi etnik yang pelbagai sering berhadapan dengan situasi ketegangan etnik, isu kuasa politik etnik, persaingan etnik, malah ada yang memuncak dengan konflik fizikal yang lebih radikal sehingga menyebabkan kehilangan nyawa dan harta benda. Isu etnik sentiasa mewarnai hubungan antara masyarakat dan keadaan ini juga berlaku di Malaysia. Pelbagai usaha telah dilakukan oleh kerajaan untuk memastikan hubungan antara etnik di Malaysia akan terus kekal harmoni sehingga kini. Usaha tersebut dilaksanakan melalui pelbagai program dan turut diterjemahkan dalam pelaksanaan dasar pendidikan negara. Hal yang menarik ialah usaha kerajaan dalam memastikan hubungan etnik sentiasa harmoni bukanlah perkara yang baharu dan menghairankan dalam masyarakat Dusun di Sabah. Amalan cara hidup dan sikap toleransi yang tinggi dalam komuniti ini sudah berakar umbi sejak sekian lama. Salah satu amalan yang menunjukkan sikap keterbukaan mereka yang tinggi terhadap perbezaan etnik dan agama ialah amalan mikorot. Justeru, objektif penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk menjelaskan makna dan konsep mikorot dalam budaya masyarakat Dusun, menjelaskan ritual pelaksanaan mikorot dan yang terakhir, mengetahui implikasi mikorot dan cabarannya dalam masyarakat. Hasil kajian yang diperoleh melalui kaedah kualitiatif menggunakan temu bual mendapati bahawa mikorot adalah satu upacara yang dilaksanakan oleh etnik Dusun di Sabah sebagai cara untuk mengesahkan nilai kekeluargaan mereka terhadap individu yang bukan ahli keluarga mereka tanpa melibatkan perkahwinan atau hubungan biologi. Selain itu, amalan mikorot ini juga berjaya memupuk hubungan yang harmoni antara etnik Dusun dengan etnik Dusun yang lain dan antara etnik Dusun dengan masyarakat lain di negeri Sabah. Kata kunci: Mikorot, korot, toleransi etnik, hubungan etnik. Many countries in the world with various ethnicities often face situations of ethnic tension, ethnic political power issues, ethnic rivalry, or even more radical, physical conflicts that lead to loss of lives and properties. Issues of ethnicity have always influenced the relationship between members of a society, and this situation also occurs in Malaysia.Various efforts have been made by the Malaysian government to ensure ethnic relations in the country harmonious. Efforts have been implemented through various programs including the implementation of the Malaysian education policy. Interestingly, harmonious ethnic relations are not new within the Dusun community in Sabah. The practice of such lifestyle and tolerance in this community existed there since time immemorial. One of the practices that demonstrates their high openness towards ethnic and religious differences is mikorot. This paper seeks to explain the meanings and concepts of mikorot in the culture of the Dusun community, the implementation rituals of mikorot, and the implications of mikorot and its challenges in society. The results obtained through a qualitative study using interviews found that mikorot is a ceremony performed by the Dusun ethnic community to establish or acknowledge in Sabah family ties with individuals who are not members of their families without involving marriage or biological relationships. In addition, the mikorot practice also fosters harmony among the various Dusun ethnics as well as between the Dusun ethnic and other communities in Sabah. Keywords: Mikorot, korot, ethnic tolerence, ethnic relation.

Hiob in Gath. Deutsch-jüdische Lektüren von Lessings "Nathan der Weise"

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justus Fetscher
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Moses Mendelssohn ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe paper presents a series of German-Jewish readings of Lessing's "Nathan the Wise" (1779) stretching from the Enlightenment to the early post-1945 period. Already the first Jewish reader, Moses Mendelssohn, did not focus his interpretation of this drama on the so-called "parabel of the rings," where Nathan is commonly said to preach religious tolerance. Rather, Mendelssohn concentrates on act IV, scene 7, which expounds Lessing's concept of the relationship between Judaism and Christianity and Nathan's experience of Christian persecution. With the upsurge of German anti-Semitism in the late 19th and 20th century, this scene served first as a sign of German-Christian empathy for Jewish suffering, and thus of hope, then as a reminder of recent prosecutions. It seemed to foreshadow, and eventually became overshadowed by, the Shoah.

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