scholarly journals Morphogenetic ability in vitro of the genus Centaurea Kleop species of Ukrainian flora

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
A. V. Golubenko ◽  
V. I. Didenko ◽  
A. V. Zinchenko ◽  
O. V. Voytsekhivska ◽  
N. Yu. Taran
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Direct Regeneration ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Adventitious Buds ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Morphogenesis In Vitro ◽  
Morphogenic Callus

Aim. The purpose of the work was to introduce into the aseptic culture two endemic and one common species of the Centaurea genus (C. breviceps, C. steveniana and C. stoebe) and to identify their ability to different types of morphogenesis. Methods. The methods of plant tissue and cell culture in vitro are used in this work. Seeds and parts of the seedlings derived from seeds were primary cultivating material. The nutritional medium of Murashige Skoog was used as a base. The seeds were sprouted according to Nikolaeva’s methods and their own modifications. Results. Seedlings C. breviceps, C. steveniana and C. stoebe were obtained. Ability to vegetative reproduction in vitro by cutting and forming non-morphogenic callus of C. breviceps plants have been shown. C. steveniana explants formed morphogenic callus and vegetative and generative shoots-regenerants from it, as well as they were able to the shoot direct regeneration (microcloning) from the segments of the stem. C. stoebe did not form the adventitious buds on stem explants, but revealed the ability to mass regeneration from leafy and petiolate explants. Conclusions. Morphogenesis in vitro of the various speces of Centaurea genus have both type and tissue specificity, and depends on explants. The investigated species are able to the following types of morphogenesis: forming of callus, direct and indirect regeneration of adventitious buds and shoots from them, forming of generative shoots.Keywords: Centaurea, rare endemic plants, in vitro morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of In Vitro Regeneration Capacity in Some Breeding Forms of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00055
Author(s):  
Irina Mitrofanova ◽  
Nina Lesnikova-Sedoshenko ◽  
Olga Mitrofanova ◽  
Anatoliy Smykov ◽  
Svetlana Chelombit
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Regeneration Capacity ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Morphogenic Callus ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] is one of the most important stone fruit crops in the world. Preservation of valuable genotypes and creation of new breeding forms need the effective methods for plant propagation. Biotechnological method makes it possible to multiply valuable genotypes in vitro and produce high-quality plant material. Plantlets were obtained from hybrid peach embryos in five cross combinations. The induction of morphogenesis and the studies of regenerative capacity were carried out on culture media Murashige, Skoog (MS) and Gamborg, Eveleigh (B5) with vitamins and plant growth regulators. The segments of plantlets with 2-3 internodes were placed on MS and B5 media. Use of B5 medium with 0.75-1.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.1 mg L-1 IBA induced organogenesis in the studied hybrid forms. The microshoots of the hybrid form ‘Summerglo’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ had a high regeneration capacity. In the forms ‘Persey’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ and ‘KAT 92-2210’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ low regeneration capacity was noted. An increase in BAP concentration resulted in formation of hydrated microshoots and non-morphogenic callus. It was determined that to obtain normal peach microshoots, the optimal culture parameters were a temperature of 24 ± 1oC, 16-hour photoperiod, and 37.5 μM m-2s-1 light intensity.

WHEAT ANDROCLINIC CALLI: DATA OF SCANNING ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPY

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
O.A. SELDIMIROVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Fundamental Possibility ◽  
Morphological Status ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Morphogenesis In Vitro ◽  
Morphogenic Callus

The processes of formation different types of calli, as well as the morphogenesis pathways in morphogenic calli, were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) during anther culture in vitro in hybrid line Fotos of spring soft wheat. The microspore haploid origin of calli has been proven. The morphological status of the obtained calli was determined. It was shown that morphogenic callus consists of small densely packed meristematic cells covered with extracellular substance. This type of calli was obtained using a variant of the Potato II induction culture medium, added by 1.0 mg/l synthetic auxin 2,4-D. Nonmorphogenic callus consists of large, elongated, loosely located cells with a smooth surface. This type of calli was obtained using a variant of the Potato II culture medium, added by 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D. It was found that the introduction of various IAA concentrations into the Blaydes nutrient medium for regeneration in morphogenic calli implements the following pathways of morphogenesis in vitro: embryoidogenesis (without IAA addition), gemmorhizogenesis (0.5 mg/l), and rhizogenesis (1.5 mg/l). Revealed degenerative changes in cells of nonmorphogenic calli. The fundamental possibility of regulating of the morphogenesis pathways of in vitro of morphogenic calli in the direction necessary for research in biotechnological research has been confirmed.

scholarly journals BA and TDZ in the Morphogenesis in Vitro of Passiflora Setacea

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia da Silva Araújo ◽  
Virginia Silva Carvalho ◽  
Andressa Leal Generoso ◽  
Josefa Grasiela Silva Santana ◽  
Glaziele Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
Morphogenesis In Vitro

Abstract Passiflora setacea DC (Passifloraceae) is considered an important species in the genetic breeding of passion fruit. However, its use is limited due to low seed germination. This paper aimed to study the effect of cytokinins 6-benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) on the in vitro morphogenesis of P. setacea using three explants: hypocotyl, nodal segment, and root segment. The explants were induced to morphogenesis in MS medium modified and with different concentrations of BA and TDZ. After 55 days, the percentage of calluses and shoots were evaluated, and anatomical characterization was performed. The three explants used in the in vitro morphogenesis of P. setacea showed callus and shoots formation, but in greater numbers in the nodal segments treated with BA. TDZ isolated affected equal to or less than BA on callus and shoots formation for the three explants. Direct and indirect organogenesis was observed in the three types of explants. From the results obtained for plant regeneration via in vitro morphogenesis of P. setacea, it is recommended to use a nodal segment in MSM medium and supplemented with 2.22 μmol L-1 of BA.

scholarly journals INDUCTION OF MICROTUBING OF NEW PROMISING POTATO VARIETIES IN ASEPTIC CULTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Elena Oves ◽  
Natal'ya Gaitova ◽  
Ol'ga Shishkina
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Multiplication Factor ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Aseptic Culture ◽  
Murashige Skoog

The studies were carried out with the aim of optimizing microtubing of promising potato varieties in aseptic culture. The experiments studied such factors as the use of vessels of various sizes (test tubes with a diameter of 25 mm and plastic containers 18x18 cm, into which 10 ml of agar and 400 ml of liquid nutrient medium, respectively, were poured, respectively), the density of planting plants in containers (40, 60 and 80 stem explants), the composition of the nutrient medium during ontogenesis, cultivation of mini-tubers from in vitro microplants (control) and microtubers (≥ 0.9 cm and 0.5 ... 0.9 cm in size). When studying the possibility of modifying the nutrient medium based on the Murashige-Skoog recipe to induce tuberization in one variant, the sucrose concentration during growth was changed from 2% before the formation of four internodes by 8% after this phase, the kinetin content during the entire observation period was 0.5 mg/l. In the second variant, microplants were kept on a medium with 6% sucrose and 0.25 mg/l kinetin throughout ontogenesis. The highest yield of microtubers of the standard fraction (27 ... 94%) with a multiplication factor of 0.8 ... 2.7 pcs/plant was noted in the variant with 60 cuttings placed in a container. When grown in test tubes with a change of medium, 1.0 ... 1.5 microtubers were collected per plant with a standard fraction yield of 64 ... 78%. The use of container technology with a similar alternation of nutrient media increased the yield of the standard fraction in most of the studied varieties to 75 ... 86%. In variants with a constant sucrose content in the nutrient medium (6%), a very low multiplication factor was noted, which did not compensate for a sufficiently high yield of the standard fraction, regardless of the laboratory vessel used. The multiplication factor of test tube microplants during planting in the ground was higher than when planting microtubers, with a high yield of the standard fraction

scholarly journals The effect of genotype on a barley scutella culture. Histological aspects

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Ślesak ◽  
Grzegorz Góralski ◽  
Helena Pawłowska ◽  
Barbara Skucińska ◽  
Marzena Popielarska-Konieczna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Morphogenesis In Vitro ◽  
Morphogenic Callus ◽  
The Individual

AbstractCereals are known to be recalcitrant to the induction of morphogenesis in vitro and the majority of the methods used are callus-mediated and species/genotype-dependent. In the present investigation, a method of morphogenesis induction from immature scutella of selected barley cultivars was used, and particular attention was paid to histology in the initial stages of the regeneration process in order to confirm whether it occurs directly or indirectly (via callus formation). The length of the period from inoculating scutella on the medium to obtaining plantlets depended on the cultivar and the individual scutellum of the barley and varied between 2.5–4 months. The regeneration efficiency and viability of barley scutella was revealed to be highly genotype dependent. The average number of regenerated plants per regenerating scutellum was highest in the case of cv Granal (3.7). A histological analysis of the cultured explants showed both non-morphogenic and morphogenic callus formation. Two types of indirect morphogenetic response were observed: organogenesis (shoot bud formation) and somatic embryogenesis. This is the first report concerning an analysis of in vitro regeneration from immature scutella of barley cultivars (Stratus, Ryton, Granal and Binal).

scholarly journals Influence of different growth regulators on the in vitro morphogenesis of an ornamental variety of carnation

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zs. O. Kiss ◽  
A. Mándy
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Gibberelic Acid ◽  
Somaclonal Variability ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Callus formation, as a prerequisite for the induction of somaclonal variability, was achieved successfully with certain molar ratios between 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and benzyladenine. Regeneration of new plants from shoot apex meristems could be significantly improved by the combined addition of very low amounts of indolebutiric acid, benzyladenine and gibberelic acid, dissolved in the Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium. These in vitro treatments may contribute to a more efficient micropropagation of the Rimini variety of carnation.

Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Rauvolfia Serpentina (L.) Benth Ex. Kurz.

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saraswoti Aryal ◽  
Sanu Devi Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Rauvolfia Serpentina ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Callus Tissue Culture

Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) ex. Kurz is an important medicinal plant. Callus induction and regeneration was studied from stem explant of in-vitro grown plant of Rauvolfia serpentina(L.) Benth. ex Kurz (Apocynaceae) on Murashige Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 1mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenocy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1mg/l Kinetin (Kn). Vigorous growth of callus occurs after 4 weeks of culture. Callus was sub-cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentration of 2, 4-D (0.5-3.0 mg/l) and 10% coconut milk. Regeneration of plantlets occurred on MS medium containing 3 mg/1 of 2, 4-D and 10% coconut milk. These plantlets were rooted on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l IAA .The regenerated plantlets were able to grow on soil after short period ofacclimatization. Key words: Explant; In-vitro culture; MS medium;  2, 4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid; Kinetin; Callus; Tissue culture; Coconut milk. Journal of Natural History Museum Vol. 24, 2009 Page: 82-88

scholarly journals The effect of genotype on in vitro morphogenesis of blue- and purple-grained bread wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 723 (2) ◽  
pp. 022055
Author(s):  
A A Shkurkina ◽  
L P Khlebova ◽  
Yu V Melnikova ◽  
V P Vistovskaya ◽  
S E Mityukhina
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis

scholarly journals Somaclonal variation on in vitro callus culture potato cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia N. Bordallo ◽  
Derly H. Silva ◽  
José Maria ◽  
Cosme D. Cruz ◽  
Elizabeth P. Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Arbitrary Sequence ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Level

Synthetic seeds can be an alternative for those species in which botanical seeds are not viable. One of the major problems of in vitro plant cultivation is the high level of somaclonal variation. The most common factors affecting somaclonal variation are genotype, explant source, in vitro period and cultivation conditions in which the culture is established. In this work, calli were induced using leaf and stem explants of the commercial potato cultivars Achat, Baraka, Baronesa, Bintje, and Contenda in MS culture media supplemented with 1.65 mM of picloram and 11.5 mM of 2,4-D. Seventy and 90 days after induction, DNA samples of 40 calli were compared concerning the effects of the two explant (leaf and stem) and two growth regulator sources on five potatoes cultivars. A total of 20 arbitrary sequence primers were evaluated. The RAPD pattern generated by these primers suggested a high percentage of polymorphic fragments among the five genotypes, indicating a high level of genetic variation among cultivars. Cultivar Baronesa showed the highest number of polymorphic fragments for all treatments. The cultivar Contenda showed the smallest somaclonal variation, for most of the treatments, except for the treatment which consisted of stem explants, picloram (1.65 mM) application, and a 70-day period of callus formation. 'Contenda' is, therefore, the most suitable cultivar for synthetic seed production.

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