scholarly journals Knowledge Asymmetry in Action

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (53) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ushma Chauhan Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Intercultural Relationships ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Knowledge Asymmetry ◽  
Empirical Material ◽  
Agriculture Water

<p align="LEFT">This article forges a connection between knowledge asymmetry and intercultural communication to challenge extant understandings of knowledge asymmetry as a static and stable condition that infl uences the processes and outcomes of interactive encounters that promote learning. The article draws its empirical material from ethnographic fieldwork at a training course on climate change that involved the participation of development practitioners, policy makers and civil servants working in broad professional arenas such as engineering, agriculture, water management and urban development in Sri Lanka, Kenya, Egypt, Bangladesh, Uganda, Tanzania, Vietnam and Denmark. The material is represented in the form of ethnographic vignettes to demonstrate knowledge asymmetry ‘in action’: how knowledge asymmetry is far from a static and stable condition, but rather how it emerges and disappears as participants summon, articulate, dismiss, ridicule, ignore or explore the rich pools of their culture/knowledge differences during the training course interaction. The article aligns itself to Barth’s (2002) conceptualization of culture as knowledge and to contemporary understandings of intercultural communication that privilege sensitivities to the webs of geo-historical relations and macro power and economic asymmetries that structure and inform intercultural relationships. The article also emphasizes the relevance of seeing knowledge asymmetry as a concept-metaphor (Moore 2004).</p>

Why is it so difficult to tax the rich? Evidence from German policy-makers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Florian Fastenrath ◽  
Paul Marx ◽  
Achim Truger ◽  
Helena Vitt
Keyword(s):  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Rich

Secularization, Integration and Rationalization: Some Perspectives from Latin American Thought

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Latin American Thought ◽  
Firing Line ◽  
American Thought

For the past couple of decades the Latin Americans, like their brethren in Africa and Asia, have been hell-bent in search of ‘development’ or ‘modernization’. While the Latin Americans were on the firing line, scholars and policy-makers in both the rich nations and the poor nations were involved in setting out an intellectual framework for analyzing the developmental process. New concepts to explain the meaning of development were devised; innovative measurements to gauge the level of development were proposed; a new vocabulary to capture the nuances of development was put forth.

scholarly journals Klima som sila. Lokale klimateorier i Diskobugten

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lill Rastad Bjørst
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Empirical Material

Ud fra empirisk materiale diskuterer artiklen lokale klimateorier, det grønlandske begreb sila samt den grønlandske forsker H.C. Petersens lokalt accepterede klima- teori. De lokale fortolkninger af klimaets forandringer adskiller sig fra og sætter spørgsmålstegn ved de naturvidenskabelige klimateorier. Hvad der i vestlige klima- diskurser anses som en katastrofe, placeres i et helt andet agens- og risikolandskab i Diskobugten, hvor forfatteren har lavet sit etnografiske feltarbejde.Søgeord: klimaforandringer, Grønland, natur-kultur, politik, risiko, sila.English: Climate as Sila. Local Climate Theories from the Disko Bay AreaLocal climate theories are discussed on the basis of empirical material from Greenland and related to the Greenlandic concept of sila as well as the climate theories put forward by the Greenlandic researcher H.C Petersen. These theories differ from and question the climate theories promoted by the natural sciences. In the Disko Bay area, where the author conducted ethnographic fieldwork, the idea of catastrophe is especially placed in a landscape of risk and agency that is quite different from that found in Western climate discourses. Keywords: Climate change, Greenland, nature-culture, politics, risks, sila 

scholarly journals Peers to Peers: Developing a Student-Coordinated Conversation Partner Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Aaron ◽  
Carmen Cedeño ◽  
Elisabeth Gareis ◽  
Lalit Kumar ◽  
Abhinaya Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Student Leaders ◽  
Intercultural Relationships ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Faculty Advisors ◽  
Successful Student ◽  
Similar Program ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Conversation Partner ◽  
Meaningful Interaction ◽  
Repeated Contact

The lack of meaningful interaction between domestic and international students is a persistent concern in international higher education. Conversation partner programs are a promising measure to promote the rich and repeated contact necessary for the development of intercultural relationships and communication skills. This article describes the process of launching and managing a successful student-coordinated conversation partner program with no or minimal funding. The five core team members (two faculty advisors and three student leaders) explain why they created or joined the program, their responsibilities, what worked, what was challenging, and what they recommend should other institutions want to start a similar program.

scholarly journals Timor-Leste: The Adventurous Tribulations of Local Governance after Independence

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Graça Feijó
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Theoretical Terms ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
The Rich

Xanana Gusmão recently mentioned that a “Second Maubere Miracle” is underway, implying that a major political reform will soon shake the roots of Timor-Leste's public administration. Decentralization, defined in a very broad sense, has been a constitutional mandate since independence, but successive governments have failed to engage this reform despite paying lip service to its necessity. This essay reviews the options before the policy makers – both in theoretical terms (distinguishing between the various definitions of decentralization) and in the pragmatic forms that have been contemplated so far – and discusses their implications for the process of rooting a modern democracy in the country both at the intermediate, district level and at the grassroots, suku (village) level. For this purpose, the essay brings together the author's own field research and the rich literature that has emerged in the recent past, including contributions by Timorese colleagues.

scholarly journals Invisible inequality leads to punishing the poor and rewarding the rich

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLIVER P. HAUSER ◽  
GORDON T. KRAFT-TODD ◽  
DAVID G. RAND ◽  
MARTIN A. NOWAK ◽  
MICHAEL I. NORTON
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Education ◽  
School Districts ◽  
New York School ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractFour experiments examine how lack of awareness of inequality affect behaviour towards the rich and poor. In Experiment 1, participants who became aware that wealthy individuals donated a smaller percentage of their income switched from rewarding the wealthy to rewarding the poor. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants who played a public goods game – and were assigned incomes reflective of the US income distribution either at random or on merit – punished the poor (for small absolute contributions) and rewarded the rich (for large absolute contributions) when incomes were unknown; when incomes were revealed, participants punished the rich (for their low percentage of income contributed) and rewarded the poor (for their high percentage of income contributed). In Experiment 4, participants provided with public education contributions for five New York school districts levied additional taxes on mostly poorer school districts when incomes were unknown, but targeted wealthier districts when incomes were revealed. These results shed light on how income transparency shapes preferences for equity and redistribution. We discuss implications for policy-makers.

Differentiated Responsibilities On Population Explosion And Its Impact On Environment – A Corridor For The Crossing?

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
P.P. Sajimon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Zero Population Growth ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Population And Environment

Climate change and disasters are fast emerging as the most significant challenges of the 21st century as global risks with impacts far beyond just the environment and implications on national security and development. As the world continues its contemporary patterns of production and consumption, the future is at immense risk. Climate Change has the potential to alter the ability of the earth’s physical and biological systems to provide goods and services essential for sustainable development. Today, a number of mainstream population and environment groups are claiming that population growth is a major cause of climate change and that lesser birth rates are the solution. If we cannot stabilize population, there is not an ecosystem on earth that we can save. If developing countries cannot stabilize their populations almost immediately, many of them face the disintegration of ecosystem. But in reality, even if we could today achieve zero population growth that would barely touch the climate problem — where we need to cut emissions by 50 to 80 percent by mid-century. Given existing income inequalities, it is inescapable that over consumption by the rich few is the key problem, rather than overpopulation of the poor many. In the absence of any commitment in the next two decades, their economies would become locked into a trajectory of elevated emissions and unsustainable development, while the cost of reversing the trend will become prohibitively high. This paper examines several outstanding issues on the interface between population and environment. Significantly, the study would come out with some policy recommendations to the policy makers.

The Pleasures and Anxieties of Being in the Middle: Emerging Middle-Class Identities in Urban South India

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARA DICKEY
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Urban South ◽  
Indian City ◽  
The Rich

AbstractRecent economic changes in India have coincided with a dramatic change in the concept of a ‘middle class’ in the south Indian city of Madurai. Whereas previous sets of class identities were overwhelmingly dichotomous (for example, the rich and the poor, or the ‘big people’ and ‘those who have nothing’), the middle class has now become a highly elaborated component of local class structures and identities. It is also a contested category; moreover, its indigenous boundaries differ from those most often used by scholars, marketers, or policy-makers. Drawing from research over the past decade, this paper examines local definitions of ‘middleness’ and the moralized meanings ascribed to it. Whilst being ‘in the middle’ is a source of pride and pleasure, connoting both achievement and enhanced self-control, it is simultaneously a source of great tension, bringing anxiety over the critical and damaging scrutiny of onlookers. For each positive aspect of a middle-class identity that emphasizes security and stability, there is a negative ramification or consequence that highlights the precariousness and potential instability of middle-class life. In exploring each of these aspects, I pay attention to the explicitly performative features of class identities. I conclude by considering the epistemological and experiential insights we gain into the construction of emergent class categories by focusing on self-ascribed identities and their performance.

scholarly journals ZOOMORPHIC LEXIS AS A FRAGMENT OF THE CHINESE LINGUISTIC WORLDVIEW (BASED ON CHINESE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 878-889
Author(s):  
Fatimabibi Daulet ◽  
Farida Orazakynkyzy ◽  
Saule Anuar ◽  
Ashimbay Nurkassym ◽  
Zhanat Zeinolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
Lexical Structure ◽  
Animal Names ◽  
Linguistic Material ◽  
Empirical Material

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the ethnocultural features of the functioning of Chinese phraseological units with zoomorphic components by describing their lingo cultural properties. The Chinese phraseological units with a zoomorphic component from the liuchu (六畜) group — six domestic animals, whose images occupy a special place in Chinese linguoculturology — were used as linguistic material. Methodology: In order to describe the internal form of zoomorphisms, the authors used the following methods: semantic identification, providing the possibility to identify individual phraseological meaning with the lexical structure; cognitive interpretation, which is involved in the "decoding" of cultural codes enclosed in phraseological units; The etymological approach is used to determine the primary sources of zoomorphisms, which are figurative dominants of the studied phraseological units. Main Findings: The authors found that zoonyms as animal names are anthropocentrically oriented and have connotative properties, acting as a means of secondary nomination, they represent an ethnospecific worldview. The authors determined that the ethno specific features of the considered phraseological units are due to the specificity of the linguistic system of the Chinese language, as well as the specifics of the influence of animals on the life of the Chinese ethnos. Applications: The collected empirical material can be used in classes in linguoculturology and intercultural communication; it can be used while writing textbooks, methodological manuals; to create thesauri, phraseological dictionaries, as well as to clarify the national-cultural specificity and functioning of zoononyms in the linguistic worldview. Novelty/Originality: The scientific novelty of the work is due to the insufficient study Chinese phraseological units with the zoonym component. The work makes a certain contribution to solving the problem of the functioning of zoononyms in phraseological units, in particular, the study made it possible to trace the influence of extralinguistic factors, such as geographical and biological, as well as globalization processes.

Marketing Systems – Looking Backward, Sizing up and Thinking Ahead

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Layton
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Personal Account ◽  
Marketing System ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
The Rich

This commentary is a personal account of the evolution of the concept of a marketing system, from being central to the vision of macromarketing inspiring a group of scholars nearly 60 years ago, to playing a central role today in bringing together the rich set of ideas, concepts, frameworks and concerns that are part of contemporary macromarketing thought. It provides a basis for, and indeed, argues for, the integration of both marketing and macromarketing thinking in practice and in teaching in response to the micro and macro challenges facing managers and policy makers in most human communities as they seek to find a way through increasingly complex environments shaped by physical, social, economic, and technological forces interacting though space and time at all levels of society. It was written to serve as the introduction to a SAGE Publications virtual book concerned with the past, present and future of thinking and practice related to marketing systems.

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