scholarly journals Den gode vilje og de vilde børn: Civiliseringens paradoks i den danske skole

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Institutional Logics ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
School Based ◽  
Danish School

Laura Gilliam: The Good Will and the Wild Children. The Paradox of Civilizing in the Danish School Based on fieldwork in three Danish schools, this article focuses on the school’s project of transforming children into civilized citizens and the consequences this have for teachers’ work with children, and for children’s practices, social categories and construction of identity. It is argued that the civilizing project directed towards the groups regarded as the uncivilized of society: children, lower social classes and ethnic minorities, often results in these groups’ identification with uncivilized behavior. This paradox of civilizing is seen in the three classes, where an extensive focus on learning to be “social” and on adjusting all non-social behavior, make the teachers mark quite a few children as socially problematic, just like making trouble and other rejections of “civilised behaviour” become a relevant factor for the children’s social relationships in school, for their understanding of their own and other social categories and a relevant tool for their agency in school and relation to society. Due to the paradox of civilizing and the institutional logics of school, the children who reject the civilized ideal like this and come to identify against society, are often the gendered and ethnic categories, which the school is most eager to integrate and civilize. Keywords: Civilizing, the Danish school, opposition, ethnic minorities, institutional logics, identity. 

INTRA- AND INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN THE CONTACT CALLS OF SPECTACLED PARROTLETS (FORPUS CONSPICILLATUS)

Behaviour ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Fischer ◽  
Ralf Wanker
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Individual Recognition ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Acoustical Parameters ◽  
Contact Calls ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe ability to discriminate individuals or different social classes of individuals is important for the evolution of social behaviour. In animal societies with ample social relationships selection will often favour the capacity to signal and perceive the identity and the membership to a certain social class. Spectacled parrotlets (Forpus conspicillatus, Psittacidae, Psittaciformes) live in a complex system of social relationships throughout their lives and are able to recognize their mates and their siblings on the basis of their contact calls. Here we attempt to identify the acoustic parameters that might be used in individual recognition and recognition of social categories. Therefore we analysed recordings of contact calls with reference to the variation of certain acoustical parameters. There was significant interindividual variation in the peak frequency, maximum frequency, duration, energy, bandwidth and minimum frequency in the contact calls of spectacled parrotlets. Discriminant function analysis has shown individual and social subunit specific calls but also that individuals of different social classes share some calls. From our results we hypothesize that spectacled parrotlets could use at least six acoustical cues in their contact calls that might encode information about the individual, the age class, the pair, the pairing status and the family.

scholarly journals Non-discursive Knowledge and the Construction of Identity Potters, Potting and Performance at the Bronze Age Tell of Százhalombatta, Hungary

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Budden ◽  
Joanna Sofaer
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
Differential Acquisition ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Bronze Age

This article explores the relationship between the making of things and the making of people at the Bronze Age tell at Százhalombatta, Hungary. Focusing on potters and potting, we explore how the performance of non-discursive knowledge was critical to the construction of social categories. Potters literally came into being as potters through repeated bodily enactment of potting skills. Potters also gained their identity in the social sphere through the connection between their potting performance and their audience. We trace degrees of skill in the ceramic record to reveal the material articulation of non-discursive knowledge and consider the ramifications of the differential acquisition of non-discursive knowledge for the expression of different kinds of potter's identities. The creation of potters as a social category was essential to the ongoing creation of specific forms of material culture. We examine the implications of altered potters' performances and the role of non-discursive knowledge in the construction of social models of the Bronze Age.

scholarly journals Arrangementet som pædagogisk handlingsform

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Gro Hellesdatter Jacobsen ◽  
Doris Overgaard Larsen ◽  
Ole Steen Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
School Reform ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
School Context ◽  
Pedagogical Expertise ◽  
School Based ◽  
Danish School

ResuméMed skolereformen fra 2014 har pædagoger fået en ny rolle i skolen, hvor de bl.a. varetager ”understøttende undervisning”. Det er dog stadig ikke helt klart, hvad pædagoger kan bidrage med i skolen, og hvordan deres bidrag forholder sig til lærernes. Med denne artikel præsenterer vi, med udgangspunkt i et almenpædagogisk perspektiv, et mere udfoldet bud på, hvad pædagoger kan bidrage med i skolen, og særligt hvordan de kan bidrage til at mindske marginalisering af børn. Vi argumenterer for, at pædagoger frem for at benytte sig af tydeligt instruerede aktiviteter, der minder om lærernes undervisning, med fordel kan benytte sig af arrangementet som en pædagogisk handlingsform, hvor den pædagogiske intention bevidst holdes svag for børnene. Hermed kan pædagoger bruge deres pædagogiske faglighed til at fremme børns medvirken i egne lærings- og dannelsesprocesser samt mindske marginalisering i skole og SFO. AbstractThe Danish school reform (2014) has given pedagogues (social educators) a new role in primary schools, where they among other things provide "supportive teaching". However, it is still not quite clear how pedagogues contribute and how their contribution relates to that of the teachers. Based on a general pedagogical theoretical perspective, we propose a more detailed description of pedagogues’ contribution in the school context, with a particular focus on reducing marginalization of children. We argue that pedagogues, rather than using clearly instructed activities similar to teachers' lessons, should make use of ”the pedagogical arrangement” as a form of action, in which the pedagogues’ intention is deliberately kept subtle. In this way, pedagogues may use their pedagogical expertise to promote children's involvement in their own learning and Bildung processes and to reduce marginalization in schools and school-based leisure time facilities.

scholarly journals Peran Spiritual Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Sosial dan Seksual Remaja

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ardhian Indra Darmawan ◽  
Shanti Wardhaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Wrong Decision ◽  
The Social

Setiap manusia yang ada di dunia memiliki keyakinan yang dianut. Spiritual  adalah dasar dari kehidupan manusia dalam aktivitas kehidupan di dunia. Salah satu peristiwa yang terjadi dalam kehidupan adalah hubungan sosial antar manusia.  Perkembangan manusia dimulai dari bayi, balita, anak-anak, remaja, dewasa sampai lanjut usia. Masa remaja adalah fase transisi yang berada diantara fase anak - anakmenuju fase dewasa. Setiap fase perkembangan manusia dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah faktor lingkungankeluarga dan spiritual. Abad 21 memberikan potensi adanya pergeseran nilai emosional dan sosial remaja ke arah negatif, seperti pergaulan bebas yang dilakukan oleh remaja. Data diambil  melalui PubMed, ProQuest, dan Google Cendekia menggunakan kata kunci: spiritual, sikap spiritual orang tua, perilaku sosial dan seksual remaja. Hasil dari delapan artikel yang diperoleh, diidentifikasi sebanyak empat tema, yaitu Spiritual dalam hubungan sosial, spiritual dalam perilaku dan kesehatan mental remaja, perilaku seksual berdasarkan budaya dan yang terkahir yaitu kontrol spiritual dalam perilaku dan pendidikan seksual. Hakekat dari nilai yang sosial yang terkandung dalam spiritual mampu memberikan dampak bagi kehidupan sosial remaja. Peran tingkat pengetahuan dan aplikasi nilai spiritual oleh orang tua dan lingkungan remaja tinggal mampu memberikan dampak bagi perilaku sosial remaja.  Perilaku sosial remaja yang didalamnya terdapat perilaku untuk memenuhi kebutuhan biologisnya yaitu perilaku seksual.  Remaja yang pengalaman hidupnya belum banyak, maka berisiko salah dalam mengambil keputusan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam kehidupannya termasuk hubungan sosialnya. Meningkatnya pemahaman nilai spiritual akan mampu mengontrol perilaku yang dilakukan oleh remaja untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sosialnya. Kata kunci: peran spiritual, perilaku sosial dan seksual, remaja SPIRITUAL ROLE DEALING WITH SOCIAL AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF YOUTH ABSTRACTEvery human being in the world have adopted beliefs. Spirituality is the foundation of human life in the world's life activity. One of the events that happen in life is the social relationships between people. Human development begins from infants, toddlers, children, teenagers, adults to elderly. Adolescence is a transitional phase that is between phases of a child - the child towards the adult phase. Each phase of human development is influenced by several factors, one of which is a spiritual family and environmental factors. The 21st century provides the potential for a shift in adolescent emotional and social values in the negative direction, such as promiscuity conducted by adolescents. Data retrieved via PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar using keywords: spiritual, spiritual attitudes of parents, social behavior and sexual. Results from the eight articles obtained, four themes were identified, namely spiritual in social relationships, spiritual behavior and mental health of adolescents, sexual behavior based on culture and finally spiritual control in sexual behavior and education. The nature of the social values contained in the spiritual can provide an impact on the social life of adolescents. The role of the level of knowledge and application of spiritual values by parents and the environment of adolescents living is able to have an impact on adolescent social behavior. Adolescent social behavior in which there is behavior to meet biological needs, namely sexual behavior. Teenagers, whose life experiences are not many, then risk making the wrong decision to meet the needs in their lives, including social relationships. Increased understanding of spiritual values will be able to control the behavior carried out by adolescents to meet their social needs. Keywords: spiritual behavior, adolescents, adolescent sexual behavior 

Revisiting the History of Socio-professional Classification in France

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (04) ◽  
pp. 697-732
Author(s):  
Thomas Amossé
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pragmatic Sociology

The result of a process begun in the nineteenth century, the French system of socio-professional classification (code des catégories socio-professionnelles) was drawn up between 1951 and 1954 and has only been slightly modified since. With no strong theoretical framework and conceived according to a realist approach, it gave substance to social classes in the description of postwar society. During a period of “reworking” (1978-1981), it became an exciting topic of sociological exploration, furnishing a representation of Pierre Bourdieu’s two-dimensional social space and serving as a laboratory for the pragmatic sociology of Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot. In a subsequent period of “updating” (1995-2001), administrative caution regarding changes contrasted with the evolution of categories used in labor law and the goal of analytical purity underpinned by econometrics. The history of this classification details the peculiar position of a statistical tool for representing the social world, ostensibly static amidst constant changes to the institution that managed it, the actors who used it, the social categories—everyday or legal—to which it referred, and, finally, the sociological theories that gave it a conceptual grounding.

Why Do Narcissists Care So Much About Intelligence?

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Zajenkowski ◽  
Michael Dufner
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
High Intelligence

Grandiose narcissists typically pursue agentic goals, such as social status, competence, and autonomy. We argue that because high intelligence is a key asset for the attainment of such agentic goals, the concept of intelligence should play a prominent role in grandiose narcissists’ self-regulation and social behavior. We review the relevant literature and report evidence in support of this claim. Grandiose narcissists consider intelligence to be an important resource that leads to benefits across life domains, they tend to maintain and defend illusory positive intellectual self-views, and they are extremely motivated to appear intelligent to other people. Thus, even though grandiose narcissism is essentially unrelated to objectively assessed intelligence, intelligence nevertheless plays an important role in the way grandiose narcissists think, feel, and behave. We discuss potential implications for social relationships and point toward avenues for future research.

Natural normativity: The ‘is’ and ‘ought’ of animal behavior

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 185-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans B.M. de Waal
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Ample Evidence

The evolution of behavior is sometimes considered irrelevant to the issue of human morality, since it lacks the normative character of morality (‘ought’), and consist entirely of descriptions of how things are or came about (‘is’). Evolved behavior, including that of other animals, is not entirely devoid of normativity, however. Defining normativity as adherence to an ideal or standard, there is ample evidence that animals treat their social relationships in this manner. In other words, they pursue social values. Here I review evidence that nonhuman primates actively try to preserve harmony within their social network by, e.g., reconciling after conflict, protesting against unequal divisions, and breaking up fights amongst others. In doing so, they correct deviations from an ideal state. They further show emotional self-control and anticipatory conflict resolution in order to prevent such deviations. Recognition of the goal-orientation and normative character of animal social behavior permits us to partially bridge the is/ought divide erected in relation to human moral behavior.

scholarly journals Constructing academic hierarchies

Pragmatics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vally Lytra
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
School Based ◽  
Recurrent Activity ◽  
Break Time ◽  
Point Of Departure

In this paper I look at how through the use of teasing as a socially recurrent activity the members of a multilingual, multicultural and multiethnic peer group (comprised of majority Greek and minority Turkish-speaking children of Roma heritage) make particular identity ascriptions and displays salient and position themselves and others in particular ways in peer talk during break-time in an Athens primary school. Taking as a point of departure that identities are produced relationally, through systems of opposition (Barth 1969), the paper deals with how members of this school-based peer group exploit teasing as a versatile discursive device to construct one particular peer as a “poor” pupil and themselves by extension as “good” pupils in talk-in-interaction. The focus on the situated and relational construction of identity makes visible how children position themselves with regard to others in order to construct academic hierarchies. At the same time, it brings to the fore how through such positionings children may reproduce but also challenge powerful institutional discourses of academic success and failure in circulation in the classroom by negotiating identity options closer to their peer concerns. These processes of identity construction demonstrate how social selves are produced in interaction through contestation and collaboration and how identities may be simultaneously chosen and imposed through language use.

CPI Descriptions of Alcoholics Differing in Alienation

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Kish ◽  
Frank Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

61 male hospitalized alcoholics were tested on a measure of alienation and the CPI to examine the relationship between feelings of alienation and perceived social behavior. Alienation was negatively correlated with most of the scales of the CPI, suggesting that feelings of alienation may be detrimental to an individual's over-all social relationships.

scholarly journals Shedding Light on Social Reward Circuitry: (Un)common Blueprints in Humans and Rodents

2020 ◽  
pp. 107385842092355
Author(s):  
Christina Grimm ◽  
Joshua Henk Balsters ◽  
Valerio Zerbi
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Reward Circuitry ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
Research Findings

Human behavior is strongly influenced by our motivation to establish social relationships and maintain them throughout life. Despite the importance of social behavior across species, it is still unclear how neural mechanisms drive social actions. Rodent models have been used for decades to unravel the neural pathways and substrates of social interactions. With the advent of novel approaches to selectively modulate brain circuits in animal models, unprecedented testing of brain regions and neuromodulators that encode social information can be achieved. However, it is unclear which classes of social behavior and related neural circuits can be generalized across species and which are unique to humans. There is a growing need to define a unified blueprint of social brain systems. Here, we review human and rodent literature on the brain’s social actuators, specifically focusing on social motivation. We discuss the potential of implementing multimodal neuroimaging to guide us toward a consensus of brain areas and circuits for social behavior regulation. Understanding the circuital similarity and diversity is the critical step to improve the translation of research findings from rodents to humans.

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