INTRA- AND INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN THE CONTACT CALLS OF SPECTACLED PARROTLETS (FORPUS CONSPICILLATUS)

AbstractThe ability to discriminate individuals or different social classes of individuals is important for the evolution of social behaviour. In animal societies with ample social relationships selection will often favour the capacity to signal and perceive the identity and the membership to a certain social class. Spectacled parrotlets (Forpus conspicillatus, Psittacidae, Psittaciformes) live in a complex system of social relationships throughout their lives and are able to recognize their mates and their siblings on the basis of their contact calls. Here we attempt to identify the acoustic parameters that might be used in individual recognition and recognition of social categories. Therefore we analysed recordings of contact calls with reference to the variation of certain acoustical parameters. There was significant interindividual variation in the peak frequency, maximum frequency, duration, energy, bandwidth and minimum frequency in the contact calls of spectacled parrotlets. Discriminant function analysis has shown individual and social subunit specific calls but also that individuals of different social classes share some calls. From our results we hypothesize that spectacled parrotlets could use at least six acoustical cues in their contact calls that might encode information about the individual, the age class, the pair, the pairing status and the family.

Download Full-text

Den gode vilje og de vilde børn: Civiliseringens paradoks i den danske skole

Tidsskriftet Antropologi ◽

10.7146/ta.v0i62.27359 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Gilliam

Keyword(s):

Social Behavior ◽

Ethnic Minorities ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Institutional Logics ◽

Social Classes ◽

Relevant Factor ◽

Social Categories ◽

Construction Of Identity ◽

School Based ◽

Danish School

Laura Gilliam: The Good Will and the Wild Children. The Paradox of Civilizing in the Danish School Based on fieldwork in three Danish schools, this article focuses on the school’s project of transforming children into civilized citizens and the consequences this have for teachers’ work with children, and for children’s practices, social categories and construction of identity. It is argued that the civilizing project directed towards the groups regarded as the uncivilized of society: children, lower social classes and ethnic minorities, often results in these groups’ identification with uncivilized behavior. This paradox of civilizing is seen in the three classes, where an extensive focus on learning to be “social” and on adjusting all non-social behavior, make the teachers mark quite a few children as socially problematic, just like making trouble and other rejections of “civilised behaviour” become a relevant factor for the children’s social relationships in school, for their understanding of their own and other social categories and a relevant tool for their agency in school and relation to society. Due to the paradox of civilizing and the institutional logics of school, the children who reject the civilized ideal like this and come to identify against society, are often the gendered and ethnic categories, which the school is most eager to integrate and civilize. Keywords: Civilizing, the Danish school, opposition, ethnic minorities, institutional logics, identity.

Download Full-text

CYBERBULLYING PADA MEDIA SOSIAL: Menyoroti Perilaku Cyberbullying Menurut Perspektif Model Konseling Realitas

10.31219/osf.io/2arwb ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Darimis Darimis Darimis

Keyword(s):

Social Relationships ◽

Choice Theory ◽

Human Beings ◽

Important Goal ◽

Application Procedure ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Use Of The Internet ◽

The Individual ◽

Counseling Model ◽

Real Responsibility

Use of the Internet has changed the paradigm of human beings communicate with one another, especially on social media. Indonesia as one of the highest in the world Facebook users make significant consequences specifically for teenagers. The trend using Facebook by teenagers has created negative impacts that is the rise of cyberbullying.Cyberbullying can significantly influence the lives of teenagers and it can be a huge burden as it can happen for a long period of time. In cyberbullying, there are cyber bullies and cyber victims as individuals involved to make the message as a reference the behavior of cyberbullying. This paper attempts to looking at the perspective of the cyberbullying behavior by reality counseling model, because reality counseling as one of the models of counseling that focuses on behavior now unrealistic and dysfunctional.Reality counseling based on the choice theory, counselee make more effective choices about the development of relational satisfactory with others. The most important goal of therapy is to make people aware of the reality that the real responsibility for her behavior was himself. This counseling can helping the individual reality of cyberbullying offenders realize the consequences of his behavior, responsible, develop positive social relationships through the application procedure techniques WDEP and techniques reality Counseling.

Download Full-text

Individual Alpha Peak Frequency, an Important Biomarker for Live Z-Score Training Neurofeedback in Adolescents with Learning Disabilities

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11020167 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 167

Author(s):

Rubén Pérez-Elvira ◽

Javier Oltra-Cucarella ◽

José Antonio Carrobles ◽

Minodora Teodoru ◽

Ciprian Bacila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Learning Disabilities ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Peak Frequency ◽

Normative Values ◽

Z Score ◽

Absolute Power ◽

The Individual ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Waves ◽

Alpha Peak

Learning disabilities (LDs) have an estimated prevalence between 5% and 9% in the pediatric population and are associated with difficulties in reading, arithmetic, and writing. Previous electroencephalography (EEG) research has reported a lag in alpha-band development in specific LD phenotypes, which seems to offer a possible explanation for differences in EEG maturation. In this study, 40 adolescents aged 10–15 years with LDs underwent 10 sessions of Live Z-Score Training Neurofeedback (LZT-NF) Training to improve their cognition and behavior. Based on the individual alpha peak frequency (i-APF) values from the spectrogram, a group with normal i-APF (ni-APF) and a group with low i-APF (li-APF) were compared in a pre-and-post-LZT-NF intervention. There were no statistical differences in age, gender, or the distribution of LDs between the groups. The li-APF group showed a higher theta absolute power in P4 (p = 0.016) at baseline and higher Hi-Beta absolute power in F3 (p = 0.007) post-treatment compared with the ni-APF group. In both groups, extreme waves (absolute Z-score of ≥1.5) were more likely to move toward the normative values, with better results in the ni-APF group. Conversely, the waves within the normal range at baseline were more likely to move out of the range after treatment in the li-APF group. Our results provide evidence of a viable biomarker for identifying optimal responders for the LZT-NF technique based on the i-APF metric reflecting the patient’s neurophysiological individuality.

Download Full-text

Unsustainable Capitalism

Archaeological Dialogues ◽

10.1017/s1380203800001835 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 31-34

Author(s):

Allan Macinnes

Keyword(s):

Material Culture ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Culture Change ◽

Critical Period ◽

Settlement Patterns ◽

Ongoing Debate ◽

Important Distinction ◽

The Family ◽

The Individual

This paper makes an important, interdisciplinary contribution, to the ongoing debate on the transition from clanship to capitalism. Integral to this contribution is the important distinction between capitalism as an individualist ideology and capitalist societies where individualism is a widespread but not necessarily a universal ideology. His concern is not with the bipolar opposition of landlord and people which tends to dominate debates on the land issue in the Highlands. Instead, he focuses on material culture change in relation to landscape organisation, settlement patterns and morphology in order to examine how social relationships were structured during the critical period of estate re-orientation often depicted progressively as Improvement but regressively as clearance through the removal and relocation of population. His case study on Kintyre is particularly valuable. By scrutinising spatial as well as social relationships Dalglish demonstrates that clanship was based as much on daily practices of living as on an patrimonial ideology of kinship, practices which led the House of Argyll to attempt the reinvention of concepts of occupancy in order to emphasise the importance of the individual over the family through partitioned space.

Download Full-text

Moral discourses and pharmaceuticalised governance in households

10.26686/wgtn.12692561 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Dew ◽

P Norris ◽

J Gabe ◽

K Chamberlain ◽

D Hodgetts

Keyword(s):

Social Relationships ◽

Roles And Responsibilities ◽

Natural Production ◽

Everyday Practices ◽

The Social ◽

The Everyday ◽

The Individual ◽

Moral Discourses ◽

Health Experts

© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. This article extends our understanding of the everyday practices of pharmaceuticalisation through an examination of moral concerns over medication practices in the household. Moral concerns of responsibility and discipline in relation to pharmaceutical consumption have been identified, such as passive or active medication practices, and adherence to orthodox or unorthodox accounts. This paper further delineates dimensions of the moral evaluations of pharmaceuticals. In 2010 and 2011 data were collected from 55 households across New Zealand and data collection techniques, such as photo- and diary-elicitation interviews, allowed the participants to develop and articulate reflective stories of the moral meaning of pharmaceuticals. Four repertoires were identified: a disordering society repertoire where pharmaceuticals evoke a society in an unnatural state; a disordering self repertoire where pharmaceuticals signify a moral failing of the individual; a disordering substances repertoire where pharmaceuticals signify a threat to one's physical or mental equilibrium; a re-ordering substances repertoire where pharmaceuticals signify the restoration of function. The research demonstrated that the dichotomies of orthodox/unorthodox and compliance/resistance do not adequately capture how medications are used and understood in everyday practice. Attitudes change according to why pharmaceuticals are taken and who is taking them, their impacts on social relationships, and different views on the social or natural production of disease, the power of the pharmaceutical industry, and the role of health experts. Pharmaceuticals are tied to our identity, what we want to show of ourselves, and what sort of world we see ourselves living in. The ordering and disordering understandings of pharmaceuticals intersect with forms of pharmaceuticalised governance, where conduct is governed through pharmaceutical routines, and where self-responsibility entails following the prescription of other agents. Pharmaceuticals symbolise forms of governance with different sets of roles and responsibilities.

Download Full-text

Assessment of the Mate Retention Inventory-Short Form Using Item Response Theory

Evolutionary Psychology ◽

10.1177/14747049211044150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 147470492110441

Author(s):

Patrick J. Nebl ◽

Mark G. McCoy ◽

Garett C. Foster ◽

Michael J. Zickar

Keyword(s):

Item Response Theory ◽

Evolutionary Psychology ◽

Item Response ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Short Form ◽

Response Theory ◽

Female Behavior ◽

Mate Retention ◽

Good Scale ◽

The Individual

The mate retention inventory (MRI) has been a valuable tool in the field of evolutionary psychology for the past 30 years. The goal of the current research is to subject the MRI to rigorous psychometric analysis using item response theory to answer three broad questions. Do the individual items of the MRI fit the scale well? Does the overall function of the MRI match what is predicted? Finally, do men and women respond similarly to the MRI? Using a graded response model, it was found that all but two of the items fit acceptable model patterns. Test information function analysis found that the scale acceptably captures individual differences for participants with a high degree of mate retention but the scale is lacking in capturing information from participants with a low degree of mate retention. Finally, discriminate item function analysis reveals that the MRI is better at assessing male than female participants, indicating that the scale may not be the best indicator of female behavior in a relationship. Overall, we conclude that the MRI is a good scale, especially for assessing male behavior, but it could be improved for assessing female behavior and individuals lower on overall mate retention behavior. It is suggested that this paper be used as a framework for how the newest psychometrics techniques can be applied in order to create more robust and valid measures in the field of evolutionary psychology.

Download Full-text

Differences in Total Score of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale between Bataknese and Javanese Men with Schizophrenia Receiving Risperidone Treatment

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.665 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (14) ◽

pp. 2292-2297

Author(s):

Manahap Verarius F. Pardosi ◽

Bahagia Loebis ◽

Muhammad Surya Husada ◽

Nazli M. Nasution ◽

Elmeida Effendy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Difference Score ◽

Social Classes ◽

Average Score ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

The Difference ◽

The Individual ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Negative Syndrome ◽

Risperidone Treatment

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a psychopathological syndrome clinic involving cognition, emotion, perception and other aspects from the individual which interferences. This interference is normally started before age 25, and it can affect all social classes. AIM: To find out the difference in total positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores in schizophrenia between Bataknese and Javanese who have received treatment with risperidone. METHODS: This study is a prospective study. This study used numeric comparative analytic two unpaired groups to observe the differences of PANSS score of the man with schizophrenia between Bataknese and Javanese who had received risperidone treatment. RESULTS: Our study found that the average score of PANSS for Bataknese was 49.76 ± 12.65 and Javanese was 42.43 ± 9.05. CONCLUSION: There was a difference score of PANSS for the man with schizophrenia between Bataknese and Javanese who had received risperidone treatment for 6 weeks (p = 0.037).

Download Full-text

DEVELOPMENT AND CAREER MANAGEMENT

Knowledge International Journal ◽

10.35120/kij31051339k ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 1339-1344

Author(s):

Baki Koleci

Keyword(s):

Career Development ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Career Management ◽

Personal Goals ◽

Expert Opinions ◽

The Family ◽

The Subject ◽

The Difference ◽

The Individual

We, as individuals, continually through our lives, learn and acquire the knowledge, skill, and skill we expect to help us employ or apply appropriately in order to gain a living and secure our survival. Everyone wants to build a successful career with which he can be proud of his life. However, this is not always so easy and simple, it requires a lot of sacrifices, concessions, compromises with our partners, the family, close social relationships, and finally with ourselves. In this paper, the subject of the research is the determination of career development, career stages, career factors, then expert opinions, the difference between traditional and modern career views, goals pursued by individuals in the career, and so on, Career development can be seen as an experience of individuals (an internal career) and this is not related to an organization. Although the responsibility for career management is in the hands of individuals, individuals, however, organizations can play a key role in shaping and developing careers by providing help and providing support. Career development can not be pursued individually or separately from the personality as a whole, meaning it reflects on the context of life and the development of the person as a whole, not just personality as work. The main goal in career development is to realize the current and future needs and goals of the organization and individuals, which has to do more with developing employment opportunities and improving the skills needed for employment. Career success is reflected in the eyes of the individual and can be defined as a career pleasure through achieving personal goals related to the work, while at the same time enhancing the success and efficiency of the organization.

Download Full-text

Structure–function analysis of full-length midkine reveals novel residues important for heparin binding and zebrafish embryogenesis

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj20121622 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 451 (3) ◽

pp. 407-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jackwee Lim ◽

Sheng Yao ◽

Martin Graf ◽

Christoph Winkler ◽

Daiwen Yang

Keyword(s):

Function Analysis ◽

Structural Features ◽

Full Length ◽

Domain Growth ◽

Heparin Binding ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

The Individual ◽

Zebrafish Embryogenesis

Midkine is a heparin-binding di-domain growth factor, implicated in many biological processes as diverse as angiogenesis, neurogenesis and tumorigenesis. Elevated midkine levels reflect poor prognosis for many carcinomas, yet the molecular and cellular mechanisms orchestrating its activity remain unclear. At the present time, the individual structures of isolated half domains of human midkine are known and its functionally active C-terminal half domain remains a popular therapeutic target. In the present study, we determined the structure of full-length zebrafish midkine and show that it interacts with fondaparinux (a synthetic highly sulfated pentasaccharide) and natural heparin through a previously uncharacterized, but highly conserved, hinge region. Mutating six consecutive residues in the conserved hinge to glycine strongly abates heparin binding and midkine embryogenic activity. In contrast with previous in vitro studies, we found that the isolated C-terminal half domain is not active in vivo in embryos. Instead, we have demonstrated that the N-terminal half domain is needed to enhance heparin binding and mediate midkine embryogenic activity surprisingly in both heparin-dependent and -independent manners. Our findings provide new insights into the structural features of full-length midkine relevant for embryogenesis, and unravel additional therapeutic routes targeting the N-terminal half domain and conserved hinge.

Download Full-text

Loneliness and aging in China–a public health problem in need of solutions

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s104161021400177x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 1771-1772 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Shulin Chen ◽

Yeates Conwell ◽

Helen Fung Kum Chiu

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mental Health ◽

Older Adults ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Social Connectedness ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Research Attention ◽

Her Family ◽

The Individual

Loneliness is a common, distressing feeling that results when one perceives his/her social relationships and supports as inadequate. Social connectedness refers to the relationships between the individual and his or her family, friends, community, and other supports. Neither loneliness nor social connectedness has received enough research attention, in particular with regard to older adults’ physical and mental health.

Download Full-text