scholarly journals Long term bentonite erosion experiments in an artificial fracture: radionuclides mobility and diffusion in FEBEX bentonite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Kouhail ◽  
Franz Rinderknecht ◽  
Francesca Quinto ◽  
Volker Metz ◽  
Thorsten Schäfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Fracture ◽  
And Diffusion

scholarly journals Social Impact and Diffusion of Telecenter Use: A Study from the Sustainable Access in Rural India Project

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Kumar ◽  
Michael L Best
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
South India ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Social Diffusion ◽  
The Village ◽  
And Diffusion

In a study of social diffusion of telecenter use in rural south India, we find that these centers are being used only by a relatively small proportion of the village households despite their having been in operation for well over a year. Based on a survey of the telecenter users, we find that these users are, in general, young, male, school or college students, relatively more educated, belong to relatively higher income households, and come from socially and economically advanced communities. Thus the telecenters may sustain existing socioeconomic inequalities within these communities. However, we find some significant exceptions. We find that location of telecenters close to the residential localities where socially and economically backward communities live and presence of local champions within those communities are associated with attracting more users from those communities. We also find that providing localized content and services and making these services more affordable are other important factors in increasing usage and diffusion. We posit that incorporating these factors in the planning, spatial location, and operation of the telecenters can significantly improve their social diffusion and improve their long-term financial and social sustainability.

Effect of Stone Powder Content on the Diffusing Parameter and Diffusion Attenuation Coefficient of Chloride Ion of Mechanical Sand Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 1818-1822
Author(s):  
Ming Qiang Qin ◽  
Wen Zhan ◽  
Wen Bing Xu ◽  
Jin Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Chloride Diffusion ◽  
Chloride Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Powder Content ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Better Than

The effect of stone powder content on the chloride diffusion coefficient and diffusion attenuation coefficient of chloride ion of mechanical sand (MS) concrete was studied. The results showed that the resistance to chloride ion permeability of MS concrete firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of the content of stone powder. The anti-permeability of the concrete which had moderate amount of stone powder was better than that of the natural river sand (NS) concrete. The diffusion attenuation coefficient of MS concrete was greater than that of the NS concrete, which was good for long-term durability of concrete structure.

Connectivity-based thalamus parcellation and surgical targeting of somatosensory subnuclei

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ashley L. B. Raghu ◽  
Sean C. Martin ◽  
Tariq Parker ◽  
Tipu Z. Aziz ◽  
Alexander L. Green
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Array ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Chronic Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Arm Pain ◽  
Face Pain ◽  
Pain Patients ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Term Benefit

OBJECTIVE The anatomy of the posterolateral thalamus varies substantially between individuals, presenting a challenge for surgical targeting. Patient-specific, connectivity-based parcellation of the thalamus may effectively approximate the ventrocaudal nucleus (Vc). This remains to be robustly validated or assessed as a method to guide surgical targeting. The authors assessed the validity of connectivity-based parcellation for targeting the Vc and its potential for improving clinical outcomes of pain surgery. METHODS A cohort of 19 patients with regional, chronic neuropathic pain underwent preoperative structural and diffusion MRI, then progressed to deep brain stimulation targeting the Vc based on traditional atlas coordinates. Surgical thalami were retrospectively segmented and then parcellated based on tractography estimates of thalamocortical connectivity. The location of each patient’s electrode array was analyzed with respect to their primary somatosensory cortex (S1) parcel and compared across patients with reference to the thalamic homunculus. RESULTS Ten patients achieved long-term pain relief. Sixty-one percent of an average array (interquartile range 42%–74%) was located in the S1 parcel. In patients who achieved long-term benefit from surgery, array location in the individually generated S1 parcels was medial for face pain, centromedial for arm pain, and centrolateral for leg pain. Patients who did not benefit from surgery did not follow this pattern. Standard stereotactic coordinates of electrode locations diverged from this pattern. CONCLUSIONS Connectivity-based parcellation of the thalamus appears to be a reliable method for segmenting the Vc. Identifying the Vc in this way, and targeting mediolaterally as appropriate for the region of pain, merits exploration in an effort to increase the yield of successful surgical procedures.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the systematic review of post COVID-19 syndrome

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Abdulmohsen Alhumayn ◽  
Ibrahim Alsaif ◽  
Joud Enabi ◽  
Sharafaldeen Bin Nafisah
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
General Health Status ◽  
Diffusion Capacity ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
And Diffusion

Background: The declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a global inquiry into the transmission, mortality, risk factors, and management of the disease. Recently, however, attention has shifted toward its long-term consequences. There is a need for a better understanding of the predictors and symptoms of post-COVID syndrome, to ensure appropriate care for patients recovering from COVID-19 beyond the acute phase. Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane databases, and available data in the PROSPERO databases. We also explored the reference lists of included articles and any systematic reviews identified therein. We searched the keywords "Post Covid", "Post COVID syndrome", "Post- Covid" and "PostCOVID", until July 2021. Results: Of 8167 articles, 13 were included. The syndrome affects several systems with variable prevalence. Fatigue and sleep disturbance is the most common symptom of acute post-COVID syndrome, observed in more than two-thirds of patients, while a reduction in quality of life and general health status was noted in up to 69%. Furthermore, a reduced aerobic and diffusion capacity was seen in 38% of patients up to one month after presumed recovery from infection. Radiologically, in up to 52% of patients, a ground-glass opacity (GGO) was noted beyond three months post-infection. The incidence of new psychiatric illness increased from as early as 14 days after infection and up to three or six months. Hearing impairment or loss, whether sensorineural or conductive, was noted in up to 8.3% of patients, and tinnitus was seen in up to 4.2%. Conclusion: Overall, given the variability in the manifestation of post-COVID syndrome, a multidisciplinary team is required to better serve these patients. We therefore urge the establishment of such teams, encompassing internal medicine, pulmonology, cardiology, and neurocognitive services.

scholarly journals Occupy and the Temporal Politics of Prefigurative Democracy

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamilla Petrick
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Occupy Movement ◽  
Prefigurative Politics ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
Major Cycle ◽  
And Diffusion

This article sheds new light on the Occupy movement by foregrounding its temporal dimensions, particularly in relation to a previous major cycle of transnational contention, the alter-globalization movement (AGM). The discussion engages three temporal considerations in particular: 1) the centrality of instantaneous digital media to both movements’ rapid rise and diffusion 2) the pervasiveness – especially within Occupy – of the temporal ethos of prefigurative politics, and 3) the sustainability and longer term legacy of the Occupy cycle, from the temporal vantage point of the year 2016, i.e. five years since the movement’s rise and prompt demise, and fifteen years since the peak of the AGM. The article’s conclusion insists on the importance of a long term vision when it comes to evaluating the outcomes of collective action.

scholarly journals Neuro-Behavioral Correlates of Executive Dysfunctions in Dyslexia Over Development From Childhood to Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rola Farah ◽  
Silvio Ionta ◽  
Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Emotional Challenges ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Executive Dysfunctions

Dyslexia is a neurobiological learning disability in the reading domain that has symptoms in early childhood and persists throughout life. Individuals with dyslexia experience difficulties in academia and cognitive and emotional challenges that can affect wellbeing. Early intervention is critical to minimize the long-term difficulties of these individuals. However, the behavioral and neural correlates which predict dyslexia are challenging to depict before reading is acquired. One of the precursors for language and reading acquisition is executive functions (EF). The present review aims to highlight the current atypicality found in individuals with dyslexia in the domain of EF using behavioral measures, brain mapping, functional connectivity, and diffusion tensor imaging along development. Individuals with dyslexia show EF abnormalities in both behavioral and neurobiological domains, starting in early childhood that persist into adulthood. EF impairment precedes reading disability, therefore adding an EF assessment to the neuropsychological testing is recommended for early intervention. EF training should also be considered for the most comprehensive outcomes.

A Carbon Fiber Based Sensor for Measurement of Serotonin From Platelets

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifton F. Frilot ◽  
Stephen R. Patton ◽  
Steven A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Enhanced Diffusion ◽  
And Diffusion

The fluid dynamic environment within an artery is an important contributor to haemostasis. Fluid mechanics can alter the biochemical environment through convection and diffusion of reactive substances. It can bring the platelets close to the wall through convection and enhanced diffusion, cause platelet activation through hemodynamic shear stresses, and alter the substrate for platelet adhesion through shear effects on endothelial cells. Shear produces long-term effects on endothelial cells, such as morphological changes in the cells and adaptation of the size of the artery. It can also affect endothelial cells in the short term by increasing calcium release or release of nitric oxide.

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