scholarly journals Unemployed Female Translators in Saudi Arabia: Causes and Solutions

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reima Sado Al-Jarf
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

Abstract The present study found that 90% of female Saudi translators who graduated between 1990 and 1996 are not working as translators. Although translation jobs are available in hospitals, translation bureaus, and embassies, many graduates find the jobs open for women unsuitable because of working conditions, stringent qualifications, staff policies, salaries and benefits. Others disliked the nature of the work and cited insufficient information about employment opportunities, lack of motivation, and familial, social, and cultural factors as reasons for unemployment.

The Path of Standard Albanian Language Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Sindorela Doli Kryeziu
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Language History ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Body ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Language Literature

Abstract In our paper we will talk about the whole process of standardization of the Albanian language, where it has gone through a long historical route, for almost a century.When talking about standard Albanian language history and according to Albanian language literature, it is often thought that the Albanian language was standardized in the Albanian Language Orthography Congress, held in Tirana in 1972, or after the publication of the Orthographic Rules (which was a project at that time) of 1967 and the decisions of the Linguistic Conference, a conference of great importance that took place in Pristina, in 1968. All of these have influenced chronologically during a very difficult historical journey, until the standardization of the Albanian language.Considering a slightly wider and more complex view than what is often presented in Albanian language literature, we will try to describe the path (history) of the standard Albanian formation under the influence of many historical, political, social and cultural factors that are known in the history of the Albanian people. These factors have contributed to the formation of a common state, which would have, over time, a common standard language.It is fair to think that "all activity in the development of writing and the Albanian language, in the field of standardization and linguistic planning, should be seen as a single unit of Albanian culture, of course with frequent manifestations of specific polycentric organization, either because of divisions within the cultural body itself, or because of the external imposition"(Rexhep Ismajli," In Language and for Language ", Dukagjini, Peja, 1998, pp. 15-18.)

Digital Home Health Care: Culture-Specific Observations in Saudi Arabia (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz A Alodhayani ◽  
Marwah Mazen Hassounah ◽  
Fatima R Qadri ◽  
Noura A Abouammoh ◽  
Zakiuddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Home Health Care ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Home Health ◽  
Design And Implementation

BACKGROUND There is growing evidence of the need to consider cultural factors in the design and implementation of digital health interventions. However, there is still inadequate knowledge pertaining to what aspects of the Saudi Arabian culture need to be considered in the design and implementation of digital health programs, especially in the context of home health care services for chronically and terminally ill patients. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the specific cultural factors relating to patients and their caregivers from the perspective of physicians, nurses, and trainers that have influenced the pilot implementation of Remotely Accessible Healthcare At Home (RAHAH); a connected health program in the Home Health Care Department at King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A qualitative study design was adopted to conduct a focus group discussion (FGD) in July 2019 using a semi-structured interview guide with 3 female and 4 male participants working as nurses, family physicians, and information technologists. Qualitative data obtained were analyzed using a thematic framework analysis. RESULTS Two categories emerged from the FGD that influenced the experiences of digital health program intervention: (1) culture-related factors including language and communication, cultural views on using cameras during consultation, non-adherence to online consultations, and family role and commitment (2) caregiver characteristics in telemedicine that includes their skills and education and electronic literacy. Participants of this study revealed that indirect contact with the patients and their family members may work as a barrier to proper communication through RAHAH. CONCLUSIONS We recommend exploring the use of interpreters in digital health, creating awareness among the local population regarding privacy in digital health, and actively involving the direct family members with the healthcare providers.

Entering the Clubhouse

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin B. Kafai ◽  
Deborah A Fields ◽  
William Q. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Online Communities ◽  
File Sharing ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
After School ◽  
End User ◽  
Programming Software ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Learning Programming ◽  
School Club

Previous efforts in end-user development have focused on facilitating the mechanics of learning programming, leaving aside social and cultural factors equally important in getting youth engaged in programming. As part of a 4-month long ethnographic study, we followed two 12-year-old participants as they learned the programming software Scratch and its associated file-sharing site, scratch.mit.edu, in an after-school club and class. In our discussion, we focus on the role that agency, membership, and status played in their joining and participating in local and online communities of programmers.

scholarly journals Why Do Developing Countries Tax So Little?

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Besley ◽  
Torsten Persson
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
News Media ◽  
Weak Sense ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
A Share

Low-income countries typically collect taxes of between 10 to 20 percent of GDP while the average for high-income countries is more like 40 percent. In order to understand taxation, economic development, and the relationships between them, we need to think about the forces that drive the development process. Poor countries are poor for certain reasons, and these reasons can also help to explain their weakness in raising tax revenue. We begin by laying out some basic relationships regarding how tax revenue as a share of GDP varies with per capita income and with the breadth of a country's tax base. We sketch a baseline model of what determines a country's tax revenue as a share of GDP. We then turn to our primary focus: why do developing countries tax so little? We begin with factors related to the economic structure of these economies. But we argue that there is also an important role for political factors, such as weak institutions, fragmented polities, and a lack of transparency due to weak news media. Moreover, sociological and cultural factors—such as a weak sense of national identity and a poor norm for compliance—may stifle the collection of tax revenue. In each case, we suggest the need for a dynamic approach that encompasses the two-way interactions between these political, social, and cultural factors and the economy.

scholarly journals SYMBOLIC MEANING OF LAMOHOLOT’S TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN ILE APE, LEMBATA ISLAND, EAST NUSA TENGGARA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Dionisius Kumhan ◽  
Agus Saladin ◽  
Enny Supriati Sardiyarso
Keyword(s):  
Belief System ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Architectural Symbolism

<p align="left"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Besides climate, economic, politic, social and cultural factors, belief/religion factor has an influence on the shape and meaning of traditional house. Lamaholot tribe’s traditional house in Ile Ape, Lembata Island is rich of architectural symbolism. The relation between the shape and the physical symbolic meaning willbe described in this articles. Through qualitative approach, it isfound that the space structure of Lamohot’s traditional house is the manifestation of social stratifications status and community’s belief system, both horizontally and vertically.</em></p><p><em>Keywords: Shapes, meaning, architecture elements of traditional house, Lamaholot tribe.</em></p>

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