The Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985—Past Decisions, Present Danger: An Historical Perspective on Ecology and Earthquakes in Mexico City

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tobriner
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mexico Earthquake

Why is one of the most populous cities in the world built on land which has a history of subsidence, seismicity, and flooding? Mexico City illustrates how early decisions in a city's history can create difficult conditions for building well and living safely. The Aztecs had little choice but to live on the muddy islands in Lake Texcoco which now lie beneath downtown Mexico City. But the Spanish did have a choice. By selecting the island capital of Tenochtitlan for their colonial capital they bequeathed to succeeding generations problems which were apparent to them almost immediately after they began construction. Their solution to the hydraulic problems of the site only exacerbated ecological and seismic problems which the inhabitants of Mexico City face today, and destroyed the reason the first settlers inhabited the Valley of Mexico.

Epistemic media and critical knowledge about the self: Thinking about algorithms with Habermas

2021 ◽  
pp. 089692052110441
Author(s):  
Eran Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The Self ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This article explores the ontology of personal knowledge that algorithms on digital media create by locating it on two axes: historical and theoretical. Digital platforms continue a long history of epistemic media—media forms and practices, which not only communicate knowledge, but also create knowledge. As epistemic media allowed a new way to know the world, they also facilitated a new way of knowing the self. This historical perspective also underscores a key difference of digital platforms from previous epistemic media: their exclusion of self-reflection from the creation of knowledge about the self. To evaluate the ramifications of that omission, I use Habermas’s theory of knowledge, which distinguishes critical knowledge from other types of knowledge, and sees it as corresponding with a human interest in emancipation. Critical knowledge about the self, as exemplified by psychoanalysis, must involve self-reflection. As the self gains critical knowledge, deciphering the conditions under which positivist and hermeneutic knowledges are valid, it is also able to transform them and expand its realm of freedom, or subjectivity. As digital media subverts this process by demoting self-reflection, it also undermines subjectivity.

HISTÓRIA, PATRIMá”NIO E MEMÓRIA SENSáVEL: o Cais do Valongo no Rio de Janeiro

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (26) ◽  
pp. 98-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
MONICA LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
The City

O artigo trata sobre aspectos que definem a importá¢ncia do sá­tio histórico e arqueológico Cais do Valongo, situado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, para a história da escravização de africanos e seus descendentes nas Américas e, em especial, no Brasil. Além de ressaltar a relevá¢ncia desse bem, reconhecido em 2017 como Patrimônio Mundial pela UNESCO, também aborda o seu significado como sá­tio histórico de memória sensá­vel e lugar de memória do tráfico atlá¢ntico de africanos escravizados. Ao longo do texto, são abordadas ideias-chave, tais como passados sensá­veis, violência, dor e sofrimento em perspectiva histórica, indicando possibilidades de comparação com outros espaços no mundo, considerando tragédias humanas e conceitos utilizados nos estudos sobre esses processos. Finalmente, o texto analisa elementos em torno da história da região do Cais do Valongo como espaço de resistência e de afirmação das populações negras.Palavras-chave: Cais do Valongo. História da Escravidão. Passados Sensá­veis. Patrimônio Mundial. História dos africanos no Brasil.HISTORY, PATRIMONY AND SENSITIVE MEMORY:  the Pier of Valongo in Rio de JaneiroAbstract: The article deals with aspects that define the importance of the historical and archaelogical site of Valongo Wharf, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, for the history of enslavement of Africans and their descendants in the Americas and especially in Brazil. In addition to highlighting the relevance of this property, recognized in 2017 as a Worl Heritage Site by UNESCO, it also addresses its significance as a historical site of sensitive memory and a place of memory for the Atlantic traffic of enslaved Africans. Throughout the text, key ideas such as sensitive past, violence, pain and suffering are discussed in historical perspective, which indicates possibilities of comparison with other spaces in the world, considering human tragedies and concepts used in the studies on these processes. Finally, the text analyzes other elements around the history of the Valongo Wharf region as space of resistance and affirmation of the black populations.Keywords: Valongo Wharf. History of Slavery. Sensitive Pasts. World Heritage. History of Africans in Brazil.HISTORIA, PATRIMONIO Y MEMORIA SENSIBLE:  el Cais do Valongo en Rá­o de JaneiroResumen: El artá­culo trata sobre aspectos que definen la importancia del sitio histórico y arqueológico Cais do Valongo, situado en la ciudad de Rá­o de Janeiro, para la historia de la esclavización de africanos y sus descendientes en las Américas y, en especial, en Brasil. Además de resaltar la relevancia de ese bien, reconocido en 2017 como Patrimonio Mundial por la UNESCO, también aborda su significado como sitio histórico de memoria sensible y lugar de memoria de la trata atlántica de africanos esclavizados. A lo largo del texto, se abordan ideas clave, tales como pasados sensibles, violencia, dolor y sufrimiento en perspectiva histórica, indicando posibilidades de comparación con otros espacios en el mundo y considerando tragedias humanas y conceptos utilizados en los estudios sobre esos procesos. Finalmente, el texto analiza elementos en torno a la historia de la región del Cais do Valongo como espacio de resistencia y de afirmación de las poblaciones negras.Palabras clave:  Muelle de Valongo. Historia de la Esclavitud. Pasados Sensibles. Patrimonio Mundial. Historia de los africanos en Brasil.

Agrarian Reform in Historical Perspective a Comparative Study

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias H. Tuma
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost Continuous

The history of agrarian reform is as long as the history of the world, extending back into medieval, ancient, and biblical times. Like many other socio-economic and political movements, agrarian reform movements have been sporadic and discontinuous, although the last two centuries have witnessed almost continuous reform attempts commencing with the French Revolution. These attempts have become very common during the last two decades and have become part and parcel of United Nations programs. Though the literature on reform is extensive, there has been no endeavor to review reform movements in a historical perspective, or to synthesize the knowledge that can be derived therefrom and utilize it in guiding or evaluating reform. The need for this cannot be overestimated.

scholarly journals Historical perspective and initial conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Deepak Nayyar
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
World Population ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Outcomes

This chapter provides a historical perspective on Asia in the world economy with a focus on the colonial era, and sketches a profile of the prevalent initial conditions when Asian countries became independent. Two centuries ago, Asia accounted for two-thirds of world population and almost three-fifths of world income. Its decline and fall during the colonial era, associated with deindustrialization, was attributable to its integration with the world economy, through trade and investment, driven by imperialism. Fifty years ago, then, Asia was the poorest continent in the world. Its even worse demographic and social indicators of development epitomized its underdevelopment. Such initial conditions were the starting point in its journey to development. But most Asian countries did have a long history of well-structured states, and cultures, which were not entirely destroyed by colonialism. Their different pasts, embedded in histories albeit shaped by colonial legacies, also influenced future outcomes in development.

scholarly journals Science of Translation Today: Change of Scientific Paradigm

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Garbovskiy ◽  
Olga Kostikova
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Present State ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Scientific Paradigms ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The present article is devoted to analyzing the present state of the Russian science of translation and its historical perspective. The rationale behind this article is the fact that in Russian academic community there is a persisting viewpoint that research in translation studies is an auxiliary and applied area of linguistics and that science of translation does not exist at all because it is diluted in pluridisciplinary continuum and, which is essential, does not have scientific paradigms. We will attempt to understand whether this opinion is true, and in order to do it we will examine history of scientific knowledge about translation activity and analyze the present state of the discipline that is known at present as “science of translation” in Russia. Thus, the article addresses two intertwined tasks: to prove that Russian theory of translation has scientific paradigms and to characterize research in translation studies in Russia in historical perspective and demonstrate its close interrelation with science of translation in the world.

Jeffersonian Democracy: a Dual Tradition

1934 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-851
Author(s):  
Charles M. Wiltse
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Abstract System ◽  
The World ◽  
Action Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Mass

From the great mass of Jefferson's writings, letters, and public utterances, it is possible to select isolated fragments in justification of almost any course one chooses to pursue; and the history of his forty years in the service of his country offers almost as various a pattern. Taking his career and his writings as a whole, however, and piecing together from both the broad outlines of a political philosophy, one is struck by what appears to be a dual emphasis: two diverging streams of thought, which seem at first glance to be incompatible, and which have rendered the great democrat vulnerable to the charge of inconsistency so often repeated in his own day as in ours. One of these emphases, and that most apt to be quoted by campaign orators, is on individualism; but the direction and purpose of the other is socialistic.Both in the abstract system of the philosopher and in the concrete events of the world of action, time has a way of reconciling apparent contradictions. Historical perspective will do much to reveal unsuspected unities, and the point of view from which the inquiry is approached will do the rest.

Sources and Characteristics of Piaget's Stage Concept of Development: A Historical Perspective

1973 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Cyril P. Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This paper is an attempt to place Piaget into an historical context. Underlying this attempt is the assumption that one's total grasp of Piaget's theory depends upon a consideration of those cultural, historical and philosophical forces influencing him. It is a look at “Piaget, the phenomenon” as opposed to “Piaget, the man.” Beginning with classical philosophical dichotomies and moving to modern world views, the article posits that Piaget's theory is a synthesis of the evolutionary - dialectical continuum. Man's vision of the world and of the idea of change is dealt with so as to arrive at what might be called the “general influences” on Piaget. The author realizes the pitfalls inherent in inferring the influences a particular philosopher, psychologist — or any other person for that matter — has on some other. While the author does not summarily presume that history has determined Piaget's theory, he does suggest with substantiation that it is not unreasonable to place Piaget within the context of the history of ideas. After discussing those influences, the author describes specific elements of Piaget's stage concept of development and how Piaget, as a philosopher, psychologist and biologist, promulgates those stages. The final section of the article poses the possibility that Piaget's abstract operational stage (Stage IV) need not be the final stage of cognitive development.

scholarly journals The genesis of the Schaeffler diagram in the history of stainless steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Guiraldenq ◽  
Olivier Hardouin Duparc
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Schaeffler Diagram ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Crystallographic Structures ◽  
Initial Research

The Schaeffler diagram is regarded through a historical perspective in order to review Anton Schaeffler's life (1919–2001) and to analyze the genesis of the famous structural abacus that made him known throughout the world and still serves as a reference today. The equivalence coefficients of addition elements complementary to chromium and nickel, either alpha formers or gamma formers, were at the heart of the subject. The crystallographic structures of many standard steels, and hence several of their mechanical properties, can be partly predicted before manufacturing on the sole basis of their chemical compositions. A chronological review helps to understand the creative work that was done during this initial research.

[ARTIGO TRADUZIDO] HISTORY, PATRIMONY AND SENSITIVE MEMORY: the Valongo Wharf in Rio de Janeiro

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (26) ◽  
pp. 98-111
Author(s):  
MONICA LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
The City

 Abstract: The article deals with aspects that define the importance of the historical and archaelogical site of Valongo Wharf, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, for the history of enslavement of Africans and their descendants in the Americas and especially in Brazil. In addition to highlighting the relevance of this property, recognized in 2017 as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, it also addresses its significance as a historical site of sensitive memory and a place of memory for the Atlantic traffic of enslaved Africans. Throughout the text, key ideas such as sensitive past, violence, pain and suffering are discussed in historical perspective, which indicates possibilities of comparison with other spaces in the world, considering human tragedies and concepts used in the studies on these processes. Finally, the text analyzes other elements around the history of the Valongo Wharf region as space of resistance and affirmation of the black populations.Keywords: Valongo Wharf. History of Slavery. Sensitive Pasts. World Heritage. History of Africans in Brazil.HISTÓRIA, PATRIMá”NIO E MEMÓRIA SENSáVEL:  o Cais do Valongo no Rio de JaneiroResumo: O artigo trata sobre aspectos que definem a importá¢ncia do sá­tio histórico e arqueológico Valongo Wharf, situado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, para a história da escravização de africanos e seus descendentes nas Américas e, em especial, no Brasil. Além de ressaltar a relevá¢ncia desse bem, reconhecido em 2017 como Patrimônio Mundial pela UNESCO, também aborda o seu significado como sá­tio histórico de memória sensá­vel e lugar de memória do tráfico atlá¢ntico de africanos escravizados. Ao longo do texto, são abordadas ideias-chave, tais como passados sensá­veis, violência, dor e sofrimento em perspectiva histórica, indicando possibilidades de comparação com outros espaços no mundo, considerando tragédias humanas e conceitos utilizados nos estudos sobre esses processos. Finalmente, o texto analisa elementos em torno da história da região do Valongo Wharf como espaço de resistência e de afirmação das populações negras.Palavras-chave:  Valongo Wharf. História da Escravidão. Passados Sensá­veis. Patrimônio Mundial. História dos africanos no Brasil.  HISTORIA, PATRIMONIO Y MEMORIA SENSIBLE:  el Cais do Valongo en Rá­o de JaneiroResumen:  El artá­culo trata sobre aspectos que definen la importancia del sitio histórico y arqueológico Valongo Wharf, situado en la ciudad de Rá­o de Janeiro, para la historia de la esclavización de africanos y sus descendientes en las Américas y, en especial, en Brasil. Además de resaltar la relevancia de ese bien, reconocido en 2017 como Patrimonio Mundial por la UNESCO, también aborda su significado como sitio histórico de memoria sensible y lugar de memoria de la trata atlántica de africanos esclavizados. A lo largo del texto, se abordan ideas clave, tales como pasados sensibles, violencia, dolor y sufrimiento en perspectiva histórica, indicando posibilidades de comparación con otros espacios en el mundo y considerando tragedias humanas y conceptos utilizados en los estudios sobre esos procesos. Finalmente, el texto analiza elementos en torno a la historia de la región del Valongo Wharf como espacio de resistencia y de afirmación de las poblaciones negras.Palabras clave:  Muelle de Valongo. Historia de la Esclavitud. Pasados Sensibles. Patrimonio Mundial. Historia de los africanos en Brasil.

scholarly journals Le «SARS» et les maux identitaires chinois. Néologismes, métissage et tradition de la traduction

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Florent Villard
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Cultural Nationalism ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Political World ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Globalized World

Dans une Chine contemporaine engagée dans un très important renouveau du discours culturaliste, la langue et l'écriture, en tant que symboles essentialistes de l’identité chinoise, sont aussi l'objet d’enjeux politiques nationalistes. A partir de la querelle autour de la juste appellation à donner au virus du SARS, nous questionnons, dans une perspective historique, la dimension politique et idéologique des néologismes. Il s’agit surtout d’insister sur l’histoire transculturelle des concepts du monde intellectuel et culturel en Chine moderne, et de dépasser l’illusoire opposition discursive entre la posture universaliste et son double culturaliste. Since the mid-1980s, China’s intellectual and political world has been prey to a strong cultural nationalism which has tended to contest or to deny modern history and culture. This paper is a case study which brings to the fore the linguistic quarrel concerning the SARS epidemic which spread over China and part of the world during the Winter of 2002-2003. By discussing this discourse which balances between national identity affirmation and integration in a globalized world, we will try to overcome the triviality of this linguistic quarrel by replacing it in a broader political and historical perspective. This paper aims at insisting on the transcultural history of the modern Chinese cultural and intellectual lexicon helping to overcome the dominant and false discursive opposition between a universalist position and its culturalist counterpart.

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