scholarly journals Impact of soil microorganisms on weed biology and ecology

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Boyetchko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Inundative Biological Control

While weed populations have traditionally been controlled by chemical and cultural methods, inundative biological control with microbial agents offers an additional strategy for managing weeds. Foliar pathogens have long been sought after as potential biocontrol agents, but rhizosphere microorganisms and their influence on weed growth and development have been ignored until recently. Rhizosphere soil is replete with a variety of microorganisms such as rhizobacteria, pathogenic soil-borne fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, all of which have a direct or indirect impact on weeds and their competitive ability. In some cases, specific microbes have a detrimental effect on the weeds and can be exploited as biological control agents. The ubiquitous mycorrhizal fungi are beneficial symbionts that can impart a competitive ad vantage to their plant hosts, particularly if mycorrhizal dependency is exhibited in weeds as opposed to crops. It may be possible to exploit various soil microbes by directly or indirectly reducing weed competition and tipping the competitive advantage in favor of the crop. However, information available on microbial/weed/crop relationships is limited and research efforts are required to explore the use of soil microorganisms as another weed management tool.

scholarly journals Principles of Biological Weed Control

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 750D-750
Author(s):  
Susan M. Boyetchko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Biological Weed Control ◽  
Weed Biocontrol ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Inundative Biological Control ◽  
High Concentrations

Weeds continue to have a tremendous impact on crop yield losses in Canada and the United States, despite efforts to control them with chemicals. Biological control offers an additional means for reducing weed populations while reducing the reliance of the agri-food industry on chemical pesticides. Effective biological strategies that are compatible with good soil conservation practices would benefit farmers while maintaining environmental quality and a sustained production for the future. Inundative biological control of weeds with microbial agents involves the mass production and application of high concentrations of a plant pathogen to a target weed. Historically, biocontrol agents used on weeds have been foliar fungal pathogens. More recently, the soil has become a source for microorganisms, such as rhizobacteria, for development as biological control agents. Several naturally occurring rhizobacteria have weed suppressive properties, where growth and development of weeds such as downy brome, wild oats, leafy spurge, and green foxtail are significantly inhibited. Although the focus in weed biocontrol has been on the eradication of weeds, rhizobacteria may be used to improve seedling establishment of the crop by reducing the weed competition. This can be achieved through a reduction in weed growth, vigor, and reproductive capacity and improvement in the ability of the crop to compete with the weed. Current research in weed biocontrol with microorganisms and its application to weed management systems will be discussed.

scholarly journals Cooperation among phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, humic acids and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi induces soil microbiome shifts and enhances plant nutrient uptake

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenza Cozzolino ◽  
Hiarhi Monda ◽  
Davide Savy ◽  
Vincenzo Di Meo ◽  
Giovanni Vinci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi

Abstract Background Increasing the presence of beneficial soil microorganisms is a promising sustainable alternative to support conventional and organic fertilization and may help to improve crop health and productivity. If the application of single bioeffectors has shown satisfactory results, further improvements may arise by combining multiple beneficial soil microorganisms with natural bioactive molecules. Methods In the present work, we investigated in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions whether inoculation of two phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. (B2) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B3), alone or in combination with a humic acids (HA) extracted from green compost and/or a commercial inoculum (M) of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), may affect maize growth and soil microbial community. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting analysis were performed to detect changes in the microbial community composition. Results Plant growth, N and P uptake, and mycorrhizal root colonization were found to be larger in all inoculated treatments than in the uninoculated control. The greatest P uptake was found when B. amyloliquefaciens was applied in combination with both HA and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (B3HAM), and when Pseudomonas was combined with HA (B2HA). The PLFA-based community profile revealed that inoculation changed the microbial community composition. Gram+/Gram− bacteria, AMF/saprotrophic fungi and bacteria/fungi ratios increased in all inoculated treatments. The greatest values for the AMF PLFA marker (C16:1ω5) and AMF/saprotrophic fungi ratio were found for the B3HAM treatment. Permutation test based on DGGE data confirmed a similar trend, with most significant variations in both bacterial and fungal community structures induced by inoculation of B2 or B3 in combination with HA and M, especially in B3HAM. Conclusions The two community-based datasets indicated changes in the soil microbiome of maize induced by inoculation of B2 or B3 alone or when combined with humic acids and mycorrhizal inoculum, leading to positive effects on plant growth and improved nutrient uptake. Our study implies that appropriate and innovative agricultural management, enhancing the potential contribution of beneficial soil microorganisms as AMF, may result in an improved nutrient use efficiency in plants.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii in Groundnut by Using Microbial Inoculants

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khirood DOLEY ◽  
Mayura DUDHANE ◽  
Mahesh BORDE
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Microbial Strains

Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.) is the causal agent of stem-rot in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)crop. With the increase in demand for the groundnut, control of stem-rot efficiently by microbial strains is fast becoming inevitable as the conventional system of chemicals is degrading our ecosystem. This investigation here emphasizes on inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma species for growth achievement and disease control. The present investigation showed that these microbial strains were found to be worth applying as they stimulated growth and decreased harmful effects of S. rolfsii (cv. ‘Western-51’). The increased biochemical parameters and antioxidant activities also indicated their defence related activities in groundnut plants. In spite of positive attributes meted out by these microbial strains towards groundnut crop, the interaction among AM fungi and Trichoderma species seemed to be less co-operative between each other which were noted when mycorrhizal dependency and percent root colonization were observed. However, in summary more practical application of low-input AM fungi along with Trichoderma species may be needed for the advancement of modern agricultural systems.

scholarly journals Sunflower response to inoculation with single and mixed species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Agronomic characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Mazen IBRAHIM
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The impact of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on agronomic characteristics of sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em> L.) was evaluated in a pot experiment. The indigenous AMF, including <em>Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae</em>, and <em>Glomus viscosum</em>, were isolated from an agricultural field in which cotton and sunflower plants were grown. The most abundant species (<em>G. viscosum</em>) was multiplied in a monospecific culture. Sunflower plants were inoculated with the mixture of three selected AMF species or solely with <em>G. viscosum</em>. The number of leaves, shoot length, head diameter, above ground biomass, and seeds mass were significantly higher in the plant inoculated with AMF mixture followed by individual inoculation with <em>G. viscosum</em> followed by the control. AMF mixture outperformed the <em>G. viscosumby</em> increasing mycorrhizal dependency and mycorrhizal inoculation effect of sunflower. The results indicate that AMF mixture could be considered as a good inoculum for improving growth and yield of sunflower in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Isolation of Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi within Young Thalli of the Liverwort Marchantia paleacea

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Kobae ◽  
Ryo Ohtomo ◽  
Sho Morimoto ◽  
Daiki Sato ◽  
Tomomi Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Young Thalli ◽  
Marchantia Paleacea ◽  
Do So

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a group of soil microorganisms that establish symbioses with most land plant species. “Root trap culture” generally has been used for isolating a single regenerated spore in order to establish a monospecific, native AMF line. Roots may be co-colonized with multiple AMF species; however, only a small portion of AMF within roots sporulate, and do so only under certain conditions. In this study, we tested whether young thalli (<2 mm) of the liverwort Marchantia paleacea harbour monospecific AMF, and can be used as a vegetative inoculant line. When M. paleacea gemmae were co-cultivated with roots obtained from the field, the young thalli were infected by AMF via rhizoids and formed arbuscules after 18 days post-sowing. Ribosomal DNA sequencing of the AMF-colonized thalli (mycothalli) revealed that they harboured phylogenetically diverse AMF; however, new gemmae sown around transplanted mycothalli showed evidence of colonization from phylogenetically uniform Rhizophagus species. Of note, mycothalli can also be used as an inoculum. These results suggest that the young thalli of M. paleacea can potentially isolate monospecific AMF from field soil in a spore-independent manner.

Sustainability, conservation tillage and weeds in Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Derksen ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
S. M. Boyetchko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Biological Weed Control ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Inundative Biological Control

The sustainability of conservation tillage is dependent on the extent of changes in weed community composition, the usage of herbicides, and the development of integrated weed management (IWM) strategies, including biological weed control. The objective of this paper is to review research on conservation tillage and weed management in light of these factors. Recent Canadian research has found that changes in weed communities due to the adoption of conservation tillage are not necessarily those expected and were not consistant by species, location, or year. Changes reflected the use of different selection pressures, such as different crop rotations and herbicides, within the studies to a greater extent than weed life cycle groupings. Therefore, research that determines the reasons for change or the lack of change in weed communities is required to provide the scientific basis for the development of IWM strategies. Documented herbicide usage in conservation tillage varies from less than to more than conventional-tillage systems. Potential to reduce herbicide usage in conservation-tillage systems exists. Furthermore, the herbicides used in western Canada are different from those causing ground water contamination in the United States, are less volatile, and are used at lower rates. The presence of surface crop residues in conservation tillage may provide a unique environment for classical and inundative biological control agents. Some insects, fungi, and bacteria have the potential to survive to a greater extent in undisturbed plant residues. Residue management and conservation tillage systems are evolving in Canada. Research must keep pace by providing weed management strategies that enchance the sustainability of these systems. Key words: Biological control, zero tillage, integrated weed management, residues, herbicides, rhizobacteria.

Managing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cropping systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Plenchette ◽  
C. Clermont-Dauphin ◽  
J. M. Meynard ◽  
J. A. Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Conventional Agriculture

Market globalization, demographic pressure, and environmental degradation have led us to reconsider many of our current agricultural systems. The heavy use of chemical inputs, including fertilizers and pesticides, has resulted in pollution, decreased biodiversity in intensively-farmed regions, degradation of fragile agro-ecosystems, and prohibitive costs for many farmers. Low input sustainable cropping systems should replace conventional agriculture, but this requires a more comprehensive understanding of the biological interactions within agro-ecosystems. Mycorrhizal fungi appear to be the most important telluric organisms to consider. Mycorrhizae, which result from a symbiosis between these fungi and plant roots, are directly involved in plant mineral nutrition, the control of plant pathogens, and drought tolerance. Most horticultural and crop plants are symbiotic with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal literature is abundant, showing that stimulation of plant growth can be mainly attributed to improved phosphorous nutrition. Although the mycorrhizal potential of its symbiosis to improve crop production is widely recognized, it is not implemented in agricultural systems. There is an urgent need to improve and widely apply analytical methods to evaluate characteristics such as, relative field mycorrhizal dependency, soil mycorrhizal infectivity, and mycorrhizal receptivity of soil. Decreased use of fertilizers, pesticides, and tillage will favour arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, shifting from one system to a more sustainable one is not easy since all components of the cropping system are closely linked. Different cases, from actual agricultural practices in different countries, are analyzed to highlight situations in which mycorrhizae might or might not play a role in developing more sustainable agriculture. Key words: Cropping systems, mycorrhizae, sustainability, technical itineraries, rotation

scholarly journals Mechanism of biological control to plant diseases using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (19) ◽  
pp. 5997-6005
Author(s):  
罗巧玉 LUO Qiaoyu ◽  
王晓娟 WANG Xiaojuan ◽  
李媛媛 LI Yuanyuan ◽  
林双双 LIN Shuangshuang ◽  
孙莉 SUN Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Diseases

scholarly journals The Growth improvement of Falcataria moluccana inoculated with MycoSilvi grown in post-mining silica sand soil medium amended with soil ameliorants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Sri Wilarso ◽  
CAHYO WIBOWO ◽  
ANDI SUKENDRO ◽  
HABIB SATRIO BEKTI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

Abstract. Budi SW, Wibowo C, Sukendro A, Bekti HS. 2020. Growth improvement of Falcataria moluccana inoculated with MycoSilvi grown in post-mining silica sand soil medium amended with soil ameliorants. Biodiversitas 21: 422-427. High aluminum content in soil of post-mining silica sand area inhibits plant growth. MycoSilvi is an inoculum of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (FMA) enriched with Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria (MHBs) which plays an important role for improving plant growth in unfertile soil medium. The aims of this research were to analyze the growth response of Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & JW Grimes) seedlings treated with MycoSilvi and soil ameliorants (compost and lime) in post-mining silica sand soil medium. The randomized complete design with factorial scheme was used in this study. The results showed that the interactions of MycoSilvi and Soil ameliorant significantly increased height, diameter, biomass and mycorrhizal colonization of F. moluccana. Combination of MycoSilvi variant 3 and lime increased height, diameter, and biomass of F. moluccana by 965%, 147%, and 1427% respectively, as compared to those of control plants. The mycorrhizal roots colonization in those treatments was 98%. The addition of compost and lime increased pH and decreased Aluminum and Fe of the soil medium. F. moluccana seedlings have high mycorrhizal dependency on post-mining silica sand soil media. These results indicate prospective uses of MycoSilvi and soil ameliorants for improving plant growth in unfertile soil medium, including soil in post-mining area.

scholarly journals Unique transcriptome features of pea (Pisum sativum L.) lines with differing responses to beneficial soil microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Alexey M. Afonin ◽  
Emma S. Gribchenko ◽  
Evgeny A. Zorin ◽  
Anton S. Sulima ◽  
Daria A. Romanyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Interaction Efficiency

BACKGROUND: Garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) possesses the ability to form beneficial symbioses with various soil microorganisms. However, different pea cultivars, genotypes, and lines gain more or less benefit from these interactions, so the trait named efficiency of interaction with soil microorganisms (EIBSM) was suggested to describe this phenomenon. The molecular mechanisms underlying the manifestation of the EIBSM trait are not properly studied, and only few works focusing on plant responses to combined microbial preparations have been published to date. METHODS: Eight pea lines previously described as contrasting in manifestation of the EIBSM trait were grown in pots with soil under combined inoculation with nodule bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the transcriptome profiles of the whole root systems of the plants were investigated using 3'MACE RNA sequencing. RESULTS: The relatedness of the lines inferred from the analysis of transcripts SNVs (Single Nucleotide Variants) corresponded to the manifestation of the EIBSM trait: three high-EIBSM lines and three low-EIBSM lines formed two distinct clusters. Thus, the gene expression profiles were compared between these two clusters, which enabled identification of transcriptome signatures characteristic for each group. The lines previously described as high-EIBSM have lower symbiotic activity, and the expression levels of pathogen response genes were elevated compared to the lines with low EIBSM. CONCLUSION: This result suggests that the mechanism of high interaction efficiency may be connected to stricter host control of symbionts, allowing such plants to expend less on the symbioses.

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