scholarly journals La llengua en l’obra narrativa de Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas: vers la construcció d’un model de referència al País Valencià

Author(s):  
Josep Vicent Garcia Sebastià

Resum: Aquest article descriu el model lingüístic en la prosa de Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas per mitjà de l’anàlisi d’alguns usos fonortogràfics, morfosintàctics i lèxics extrets de Matèria de Bretanya i del relat curt «El llamp i la sageta de records». La conjuntura historicosocial en què l’autora publicà ambdós textos i l’èxit que ha tingut Matèria de Bretanya entre el públic lector valencià justifiquen la pertinència d’examinar les tries lingüístiques de l’escriptora. Tal com es prova de demostrar, Sánchez-Cutillas opta per fer servir un model que incorpora a la llengua comuna formes valencianes prestigiades pels usos cultes i algun dialectalisme de la comarca de la Marina Baixa, sense renunciar, però, a la màxima convergència amb la resta de parlars del domini lingüístic. En general, el model de l’escriptora coincideix amb el que propugnaven alguns dels gramàtics i dels lletraferits valencians de l’època, com ara Sanchis Guarner o Enric Valor. Paraules clau: Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas, narrativa, català contemporani, model de llengua, normativaAbstract: This paper describes the linguistic model in Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas’ prose by means of the analysis of some morphosyntactic, lexical and phonetical spelling uses taken from Matèria de Bretanya and from the short story «El llamp i la sageta de records». The historical-social context in which the author published both texts and the success achieved by Matèria de Bretanya among valencian readers justifies the relevance of examining the linguistic choices of the writer. As we aim at proving, Sánchez-Cutillas chooses to use a model that includes in standard language Valencian forms enjoying prestige due to their learned uses and some dialectisms form the region of the Marina Baixa, without giving up the maximum rapprochement with the rest of local ways of speaking within the linguistic domain. Generally speaking, the model of this writer coincides with that supported by some Valencian grammarians and literary figures of that time, such as Sanchis Guarner or Enric Valor.Keywords: Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas, prose, contemporary Catalan, language model, normative

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Size Bi ◽  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Ting-lei Huang

Word embedding, a lexical vector representation generated via the neural linguistic model (NLM), is empirically demonstrated to be appropriate for improvement of the performance of traditional language model. However, the supreme dimensionality that is inherent in NLM contributes to the problems of hyperparameters and long-time training in modeling. Here, we propose a force-directed method to improve such problems for simplifying the generation of word embedding. In this framework, each word is assumed as a point in the real world; thus it can approximately simulate the physical movement following certain mechanics. To simulate the variation of meaning in phrases, we use the fracture mechanics to do the formation and breakdown of meaning combined by a 2-gram word group. With the experiments on the natural linguistic tasks of part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition and semantic role labeling, the result demonstrated that the 2-dimensional word embedding can rival the word embeddings generated by classic NLMs, in terms of accuracy, recall, and text visualization.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 581-588
Author(s):  
Arumtyas Puspitaning Padmasari ◽  
◽  
Setya Yuwana Sudikan ◽  
Budinuryanta Yohannes ◽  
◽  
...  

Sociopragmatics is about a condition on language used by speakers when they are involved in social interaction. Sociopragmatics also describe about a critic to evaluate speakers language. Therefore sociopragmatics become into sociopragmacritics to analyze some social actions, contexts, and social discourse in some literary works. In this study, internalization sociopragmacritics in language through literature is used to identify culture element, language use, social context, and social function. Internalization sociopragmacritics show about interaction language used by speakers when they discuss some events in their neighborhood. This research uses a literary work written by OkkyMadasari, namely DuaLelaki. Analyzing DuaLelaki is based on the main topic which is adapted from real event happening in Ambon, Indonesia, that is about interfaith between Moslem and Catholic. This research aims to describe the sociopragmacritics elements such as social language use and social context mentioned in DuaLelaki short stories. Research approach is qualitative. Data collection of this research is library and documentation. Research data is the short story of DuaLelaki itself, which was published on May 12th, 2013 in newspaper namely Media Indonesia. The data is based on words, phrases, and sentences used by two main characters, Amir and Lukas. Data research analyzes are using objective hermeneutic to analyze more details and linked into conceptual chart. Data research validation is using focus group discussion, lecture consult, and doing question-answer with colleagues. Research findings mention that social language use always relates with social context in the short story. The results of this research are showing social interaction, body language expression, assertive, environment, and character live in DuaLelaki short story.


Author(s):  
Kovpik S.I.

The purpose of the paper is to identify the peculiarities of literary translation of small genre works by the Polish writer of the 19th century B. Prus into Ukrainian. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the following methods have been used: the analysis of the translated text, the analytical review, the synthesis method.Results. This paper reveals the attempts of exploring the literary translation as a kind of the lingual perspective of the translator mental structures, basically represented by the process of reconstructing one type of information into another. The difference between the linguistic and mental model of the original text and its literary translation primarily is caused by the absence of “common areas” in the mental spaces of the author and the translator. It is extremely difficult for the translator to preserve the mental originality of the text.The overlap areas of mental structures of the author and the translator should have as many similarities as possible, since it makes the literary translation more successful. The translator’s knowledge of the customs, traditions and culture of the original language text contributes to establishing a functional correspondence between the original text and its translation. Translation is an obvious presentation of inter-literary and intercultural relations, which is the basis for the development of multilingual communication. The similarity of the mental structures of the author and the translator allows optimizing intercultural multilingual communication.This paper determines the essence and content of the overlap areas of the mental spaces of the Polish writer B. Prus and the Ukrainian translator D. Andrukhiv in the literary translation of the short story “Antek”.Conclusions. As a result of translating the work of fiction from one language into another, the semantic code of the text changes due to interpenetration of cultural signs. Analyzing the quality of literary translation of the story of “Antek” by the Polish writer B. Prus in Ukrainian proves some differences between the linguistic model of the original text and its literary translation into another language.Key words: mental space, translator, author strategy, common area space. Мета статті полягає у тому, щоб виявити специфіку художнього перекладу українською мовою творів малих жанрів поль-ського письменника ХІХ ст. Б. Пруса. Відповідно до мети дослідження були використані такі методи, як: аналіз перекладаць-кого тексту (у процесі визначення відповідних стильових особливостей тексту (вживання стилістичних прийомів, тобто заміна в перекладі елементів тексту одного функціонального стилю елементами іншого та експресивних засобів мови, фразеологіч-них одиниць, асиндетичних (синонімічних) іменникових сполучень тощо), аналітичний огляд (використано на етапі вивчення актуальності дослідження), метод синтезу (для підбиття підсумків, узагальнення результатів дослідження).Результати. Авторка статті спробувала дослідити художній переклад як своєрідну лінгвальну проєкцію ментальних структур перекладача, основу якої становить процес переробки одного виду інформації в інший. Розбіжність лінгво-ментальної моделі тексту оригіналу та його художнього перекладу на іншу мову зумовлена насамперед відсутністю «загальних зон» ментальних просторів автора тексту оригіналу та перекладача. Надзвичайно складним завданням для перекладача є збереження ментальної своєрідності тексту оригіналу. Дуже важливо, щоб зони перетину ментальних структур автора та перекладача мали якомога більше спільних ознак, що робить художній переклад успішним. Зона перетину ментальних структур автора та перекладача презентує смислове ядро тексту перекладу, де дуже добре можна відстежити те, настільки ментальність перекладача виявилася спорідненою з ментальністю автора. Обізнаність пере-кладача зі звичаями, традиціями та культурою мови оригіналу сприяє встановленню функціональної відповідності між текстом оригіналу та перекладу.Висновки. У результаті перекладу тексту твору художньої літератури з однієї мови на іншу змінюється смисловий код тексту, відбувається взаємопроникнення культурних знаків, котрі презентують авторську стратегію. Усе це сприяє успішному функціонуванню тексту в іншій культурі. Аналіз якості художнього перекладу оповідання польського письменника Б. Пруса «Антек» українською мовою дав можливість установити певні розбіжності лінгвоментальної моделі тексту оригіналу та його художнього перекладу на іншу мову. Лінгвальна розбіжність на культурологічному рівні зумовлена тим, що перекладацький текст став відображенням зони перетину ментальних просторів автора тексту оригіналу та перекладача. Проте вказані розбіжності суттєво не вплинули на зміст твору та не стали перепоною у сприйнятті художньої інформації реципієнтом.Ключові слова: ментальний простір, перекладач, авторська стратегія, простір спільної зони.


2012 ◽  
pp. 275-282
Author(s):  
Vukasin Stojiljkovic

The standardization of the contemporary European languages was triggered by the process of social centralization which began as the Middle Ages drew to an end. It got its momentum during the period of nation-building, the age that saw the emergence of dozens of European standard languages. In the contemporary context, a phenomenon called language destandardization is observed. In this paper we take it under scrutiny and argue that it can be interpreted in different manners depending on the perspective applied. We conclude that socially conditioned linguistic variation within standard languages is a consequence of their spread through the population and, as such, inevitable.


Author(s):  
Erna Alant

There has recently been a growing awareness among speech and language pathologists about the problems of the non-standard language speaker when entering the school situation where standard language is predominantly used. This study deals with preschool non-standard language speaker and aims to investigate whether and to what extent the children's language and interaction patterns change after one-year exposure to a formal school situation. Results indicate that although certain language skills do change, the functional interactions patterns of these children tend to remain the same. These findings are interpreted within a social context and implications for intervention discussed.


Author(s):  
Herry Sujaini

The statistical machine translation (SMT) is widely used by researchers and practitioners in recent years. SMT works with quality that is determined by several important factors, two of which are language and translation model. Research on improving the translation model has been done quite a lot, but the problem of optimizing the language model for use on machine translators has not received much attention. On translator machines, language models usually use trigram models as standard. In this paper, we conducted experiments with four strategies to analyze the role of the language model used in the Indonesian-Javanese translation machine and show improvement compared to the baseline system with the standard language model. The results of this research indicate that the use of 3-gram language models is highly recommended in SMT.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Satiul Komariah

This research aimed to investigate (1) the form of direct sentences on short story entitled The Lost �Beautifulness�, (2) analyze the purpose of the direct utterances in the short story, (3) show the kind of direct utterances in short story The Lost �Beautifulness�. The object used in this research are direct utterances of short story The Lost �Beautifulness�. The data were collected by observation method. The writer selecting the direct utterances which can be found in the short story. The result of the research showed that: (1) three forms of the direct utterances are declarative, interrogative and imperative sentence; (2) purposes of the utterances depend on the four factors; locution, illocution, perlocution and social context; (3) seven kinds of speech acts are assertive, performative, verdictive, expressive, directive, commisive and phatic utterances.Keywords: Speech act, Direct Utterance, Short Story


2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Howard ◽  
A. Chaiwutikornwanich

This study combined an individual differences approach to interrogative suggestibility (IS) with ERP recordings to examine two alternative hypotheses regarding the source of individual differences in IS: (1) differences in attention to task-relevant vis-à-vis task-irrelevant stimuli, and (2) differences in one or more memory processes, indexed by ERP old/new effects. Sixty-five female participants underwent an ERP recording during the 50 min interval between immediate and delayed recall of a short story. ERPs elicited by pictures that either related to the story (“old”), or did not relate to the story (“new”), were recorded using a three-stimulus visual oddball paradigm. ERP old/new effects were examined at selected scalp regions of interest at three post-stimulus intervals: early (250-350 ms), middle (350-700 ms), and late (700-1100 ms). In addition, attention-related ERP components (N1, P2, N2, and P3) evoked by story-relevant pictures, story-irrelevant pictures, and irrelevant distractors were measured from midline electrodes. Late (700-1100 ms) frontal ERP old/new differences reflected individual differences in IS, while early (250-350 ms) and middle latency (350-700 ms) ERP old/new differences distinguished good from poor performers in memory and oddball tasks, respectively. Differences in IS were not reflected in ERP indices of attention. Results supported an account of IS as reflecting individual differences in postretrieval memory processes.


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