scholarly journals The Use of Expert Judgement Methods for Deriving Accident Probabilities in Aviation

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
Benedikt Badanik ◽  
Martin Janossy ◽  
Arthur Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Careful Choice ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Aircraft Type ◽  
Accident Probabilities

Improving safety has always been the top interest in the aviation industry. The outcomes of safety and risk analyses have become much more thorough and sophisticated. They have become an industry standard of safety investigations in many airlines nowadays. In the past, airlines were much more limited in answering the questions about hazardous situations, accident probabilities, and accident rates. Airlines try hard to cope with stricter safety standards. The objective of this paper is to find out and quantify the extent of the expert judgment in helping airlines in the evaluation of the Flight Data Monitoring (FDM) events. On top of that, the paper reveals the method for a careful choice of experts, so that their estimations will maximize the potential of an accurate and useful outcome. Also, the paper provides details of implementation of the classical model into this research, then continues with the calculations and visualization of the outcomes. The outcomes are probability distributions per each aircraft type, then per IATA accident type and finally per FDM event.

scholarly journals Managing raptors to reduce wildlife strikes at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig K. Pullins ◽  
Travis L. Guerrant ◽  
Scott F. Beckerman ◽  
Brian E. Washburn
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
International Airport ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wildlife Damage Management ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
The Cost

Nationally, wildlife-aircraft collisions (wildlife strikes) have been increasing over the past 25 years; denoted in the National Wildlife Strike Database that has been maintained by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) since 1990. Increasing wildlife populations and air traffic coupled with quieter, faster aircraft create a significant risk to aviation safety; the cost to the civil aviation industry is an estimated $937 million dollars annually. USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services (WS) provides technical and direct assistance to over 850 airports and airbases around the United States, including Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport (ORD). At ORD, raptors are one of the most commonly struck bird guild and accounted for at least 25% of damaging strikes from 2010-2013. An Integrated Wildlife Damage Management (IWDM) program is implemented at ORD to reduce the presence of wildlife on the airfield, consequently lowering the risk of wildlife strikes. Professional airport wildlife biologists at ORD concentrate much of their efforts on raptor management due to the high strike risk these birds pose to aircraft on the airfield itself. A variety of techniques are currently used to manage raptor populations at ORD. Concurrently, research is being conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the Red-tailed Hawk relocation program at the airport, as well as to assess their movements within the airfield environment.

scholarly journals Comparison Of Fisheries Sectors Of Japan And Turkey In Production And Trade Opportunities

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Mahmut Munir Guzel ◽  
Kazuhiko Kameda ◽  
Naotoshi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Field Trips ◽  
Pacific Saury ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Products ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Food Safety Standards ◽  
Related Trade ◽  
Further Development

This study clarifies the changes in the trade of fish-related commodities (FRC) between Turkey and Japan, and discusses the outlook of such trade. Turkeys ability to adapt to the international food-safety standards enabled it to export primary commodities to the region. Turkey can draw from its EU experience when exporting primary products to Japan. Fisheries trade between Turkey and Japan has increased significantly in the past decade, from just over US$12 million (2,404 tons) in 2000 to more than US$49 million (3,653 tons) in 2011. From our interviews, we found that (1) there are significant fish-related trade opportunities between the two countries; (2) addressing the lack of knowledge or factual information in general is the most important task for increasing such fisheries trade; and (3) communication initiatives such as advertising, exhibitions, and field trips are necessary to increase the countries basic understanding of each others fisheries sector. In conclusion, detecting and capitalizing on new potential (FRC) (e.g., Atlantic bonito, Pacific saury, and sardine) in accordance with the preference of the market could be a new strategy that would promote further development of trade between the two countries.

Cloud Based 3D Printing Business Modeling in the Digital Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-135
Author(s):  
Norman Gwangwava ◽  
Albert U Ude ◽  
Enock Ogunmuyiwa ◽  
Richard Addo-Tenkorang
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Business Case ◽  
The Past ◽  
Business Model Canvas ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
3D Printers

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is becoming the industry standard for manufacturing and prototyping. Although the technology is very old, it gained a huge traction in the past two decades. 3D printing favors unique once-off orders (mass customization) in contrast to mass production. This calls for innovative business models in order to realize economic gains from the technology. Increased product innovations in the global economy also contribute to wide adoption of 3D printing unlike in the old days. A transition in the manufacturing field has brought e-manufacturing and now cloud-based manufacturing. Machines, including 3D printers, in the past were not Internet-enabled but modern designs have the capability of Internet connectivity. Cloud-based 3D printing is a new model of design that has a significant impact on today's entrepreneurs. This article focuses on a business case for a cloud-based approach in consumer product niches. A cloud-based 3D printing business model (3D-Cloud) is developed based on the business model canvas, which promises major breakthroughs in e-entrepreneurship innovation. The model uses a virtual community approach to bring together technocrats, enthusiasts, and shared 3D printer facilities of common interests, whilst promoting an enterprising spirit.

scholarly journals Validating Aircraft Noise Models

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ran Giladi ◽  
Eliav Menachi
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Aircraft Noise ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Noise Abatement ◽  
Statistical Variation ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Aircraft Type ◽  
Noise Models

Aircraft noise, especially at takeoffs and landings, became a major environmental nuisance and a health hazard for the population around metropolitan airports. In the battle for a better quality of life, wellbeing, and health, aircraft noise models are essential for noise abatement, control, enforcement, evaluation, policy-making, and shaping the entire aviation industry. Aircraft noise models calculate noise and exposure levels based on aircraft types, engines and airframes, aircraft flight paths, environment factors, and more. Validating the aircraft noise model is a mandatory step towards the model credibility, especially when these models play such a key role with a huge impact on society, economy, and public health. Yet, no validation procedure was offered, and it turns out to be a challenging task. The actual, measured, aircraft noise level is known to be subject to statistical variation, even for the same aircraft type at the same situation and flight phase, executing the same flight procedure, with similar environmental factors and at the same place. This study tries to validate the FAA’s AEDT aircraft noise model, by trying to correlate the specific flight path of an aircraft with its measured noise level. The results show that the AEDT noise model underestimates the actual noise level, and four validation steps should be performed to correct or tune aircraft noise databases and flight profiles.

The classical model of contract: the product of a revolution in legal thought?

Legal Studies ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-532
Author(s):  
Warren Swain
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Proper Weight

Writing in the introduction to his new treatise on contract in 1826, Joseph Chitty observed that ‘Perhaps no branch of the jurisprudence of this country has of late years been more subject of judicial inquiry and decision than the Law of Contracts’. It is generally accepted that the so-called classical model of contract law, which remains influential into the present day, was created at this time. Ever since the subject first attracted sustained attention from legal historians in the 1970s, the driving forces of these developments have been contested. Some saw legal change as a product of economic and social factors. For others the reception of new ways of thinking and legal literature provided a more convincing explanation. What is not usually disputed is that there was a fundamental revolution in contract doctrine and literature in the nineteenth century. This assumption is open to challenge. It fails to give proper weight to the past. In fact these changes were deeply rooted in the eighteenth century and even earlier.

scholarly journals Mannheim Classification of Nongenomically Initiated (Rapid) Steroid Action(s)

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 2072-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Falkenstein ◽  
Anthony W. Norman ◽  
Martin Wehling
Keyword(s):  
Classical Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Steroid Signaling ◽  
Nongenomic Steroid Action

Abstract There is increasing evidence for rapid effects of steroids that are incompatible with the classical model of genomic steroid action. To address the diversity of mechanisms for rapid steroid signaling described over the past years, a classification of rapid steroid effects has been proposed to promote the discussion and understanding of nongenomic steroid action.

scholarly journals Experience With Gas Turbines as Prime Movers for Underground Storage of Natural Gas

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Underground Storage ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Engine Compressor ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Aircraft Type

Aircraft-type gas turbines have been used by Consumers Power Co. to provide power for the injection of natural gas into underground storage for the past five years. Special controls, auxiliary and driven equipment are required for this unique application. Operating experience has prompted numerous refinements as well as providing information for maintenance and economic planning. The paper describes the basic design of the engine-compressor units for a remotely controlled, unmanned compressor station as well as highlights from the operating experience with this application.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC PLAN FOR ACMI COMPANIES IN AVIATION INDUSTRY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Vaiciulionyte ◽  
Vladislavas Petraškevičius
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Company Strategy ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Major Airlines ◽  
Aircraft Type ◽  
Maintenance Schedules

Aviation industry showing significant growth around the World. Different specialization companies making partnerships with each other to make aviation imperia even bigger and more stable. The relation between companies provides not only growth but also stagnation of operations. Nowadays Boeing 737-MAX crashes prove that affected major companies were forced to stop operations, due to lack of aircraft. For that reason, ACMI (Aircraft, crew, maintenance, and insurance) companies provided the full capacity to maintain flight operations. From this perspective, ACMI companies living a golden age. These companies’ services are booked by major airlines for many months in front, due to unforeseen aircraft type grounding issues. The situation in almost every industry varies between ups and downs by forcing companies to analyze the future strategy development plan. Based on AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and TOPSIS method, it is preferable to buy neither to lease an ACMI services from a longer period perspective. New aircraft are less cheap regarding maintenance schedules, fuel consumption and after full repayment, it becomes airline property. The purpose of the article is to asses ACMI company strategy development to stay in the aviation business after major airlines re-establish their full operations. The leasing company can not be a direct competitor to airlines, therefore it needs to develop specific services, which can attract customers. ACMI company can provide services as fast as possible in unexpected or emergency situations. Moreover giving the flexibility of leasing and providing extra services, makes the company be attractive and unique.

scholarly journals Predictors of Corporate Reputation through Service Quality: A Study of Air Asia Customers Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 789-798
Author(s):  
Then Moliy Virappan ◽  
Tak Jie Chan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Corporate Reputation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
Moderate Relationship

Hospitality and tourism industries have become one of the pivotal industry that contribute to the growth of the nation's economy. However, less studies actually pay attention to the aviation industry where this industry has faced a lot of challenges and crisis in the past decade. Hence, this study aims to examine the predicting factors of service quality on corporate reputation of AirAsia in Malaysia. The study utilized SERVQUAL model to guide the study. A quantitative (survey) research design was employed wherein a total of 200 completed questionnaires was obtained from the Malaysian’s customers of AirAsia, through purposive sampling. Based on the correlation analysis, tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance has a positive and moderate relationship with corporate reputation, while empathy has a positive and high relationship with corporate reputation. In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that responsiveness, assurance, and empathy were the contributing factors to corporate reputation. However, tangibles and reliability were not the predictors of corporate reputation. Conclusion, implications, and suggestion for future study were also discussed.

scholarly journals Gas Turbines in the Royal Navy, 1965–1969

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Morgan ◽  
A. W. Lamport ◽  
A. J. R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aircraft Type

This paper deals with the Royal Navy’s experience with marine gas turbines during the past four years. The Royal Navy now has a large number of semi-industrial type gas turbines at sea and is currently engaged upon the development and sea trials of aircraft type turbines for major warship propulsion, drawing on its experience with the engines of the “Brave” class fast patrol boats, which have had to be overcome on the various engines and in the ship installations are discussed.

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