Management of heat stress in Drosophila melanogaster with Abhrak bhasma and ascorbic acid as antioxidant supplements

Rapamycin is a powerful inhibitor of the TOR (Target of Rapamycin) pathway, which is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase, that plays a central role in plants and animals. Rapamycin is used globally as an immunosuppressant and as an anti-aging medicine. Despite widespread use, treatment efficiency varies considerably across patients, and little is known about potential side effects. Here we seek to investigate the effects of rapamycin by using Drosophila melanogaster as model system. Six isogenic D. melanogaster lines were assessed for their fecundity, male longevity and male heat stress tolerance with or without rapamycin treatment. The results showed increased longevity and heat stress tolerance for male flies treated with rapamycin. Conversely, the fecundity of rapamycin-exposed individuals was lower than for flies from the non-treated group, suggesting unwanted side effects of the drug in D. melanogaster. We found strong evidence for genotype-by-treatment interactions suggesting that a ‘one size fits all’ approach when it comes to treatment with rapamycin is not recommendable. The beneficial responses to rapamycin exposure for stress tolerance and longevity are in agreement with previous findings, however, the unexpected effects on reproduction are worrying and need further investigation and question common believes that rapamycin constitutes a harmless drug.

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Ascorbic Acid and Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) in the Diet of Broilers Maintained Under Heat Stress Conditions

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.0671183 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 67 (8) ◽

pp. 1183-1187 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

H.L. STILBORN ◽

G.C. HARRIS ◽

W.G. BOTTJE ◽

P.W. WALDROUP

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽

Stress Conditions

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Genetic variation in the heat-stress survival of embryos is largely decoupled from adult thermotolerance in an intercontinental set of recombinant lines of Drosophila melanogaster

Journal of Thermal Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103119 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103119

Author(s):

Miguel A. Borda ◽

Federico H. Gomez ◽

Pablo Sambucetti ◽

Fabian M. Norry

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Stress Survival

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Effects of Feeding Different Postbiotics Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield, Intestinal Morphology, Gut Microbiota Composition, Immune Status, and Growth Gene Expression in Broilers under Heat Stress

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9090644 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 644 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Humam ◽

Loh ◽

Foo ◽

Samsudin ◽

Mustapha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Immune Status ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

The Other ◽

Mrna Expression Level ◽

Treatment Groups

The effects of feeding different postbiotics on growth performance, carcass yield, intestinal morphology, gut microbiota, immune status, and growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene expression in broilers under heat stress were assessed in this study. A total of 252 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned in cages in identical environmentally controlled chambers. During the starter period from 1 to 21 days, all the birds were fed the same basal diet. On day 22, the birds were weighed and randomly divided into six treatment groups and exposed to cyclic high temperature at 36 ± 1 °C for 3 h per day from 11:00 to 14:00 until the end of the experiment. From day 22 to 42 (finisher period), an equal number of birds were subjected to one of the following diets: NC (negative control) basal diet; PC (positive control) basal diet + 0.02% oxytetracycline; or AA (ascorbic acid) basal diet + 0.02% ascorbic acid. The other three groups (RI11, RS5 and UL4) were basal diet + 0.3% different postbiotics (produced from different Lactobacillus plantarum strains, and defined as RI11, RS5 and UL4, respectively). The results demonstrated that birds fed RI11 diets had significantly higher final body weight, total weight gain and average daily gain than the birds that received the NC, PC and AA treatments. The feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the RI11 group compared with the other groups. Carcass parameters were not affected by the postbiotic-supplemented diet. Postbiotic supplementation improved villi height significantly in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum compared to the NC, PC and AA treatments. The crypt depth of the duodenum and ileum was significantly higher in NC group compared to other treatment groups except RI11 in duodenum, and UL4 in ileum was not different with NC groups. The villus height to crypt depth ratio of duodenum and ileum was significantly higher for the postbiotic treatment groups and AA than the PC and NC treatment groups. The postbiotic RI11 group recorded significantly higher caecum total bacteria and Lactobacillus count and lower Salmonella count compared to the NC and PC treatment groups. The Bifidobacterium population in the NC group was significantly lower compared to the other treatment groups. The postbiotic (RI11, RS5 and UL4) and AA treatment groups showed lower Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli counts and caecal pH than the NC and PC treatment groups. The plasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) level was significantly higher in the birds receiving postbiotic RI11 than those receiving other treatments. The plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) level was higher in the RI11 treatment group than in the NC, AA and RS5 groups. The plasma immunoglobulin A (IgA) level was not affected by postbiotic supplements. The hepatic GHR mRNA expression level was significantly increased in birds fed postbiotics RI11, RS5 and UL4, AA and PC compared to the NC-fed birds. Postbiotic RI11 led to significantly higher hepatic IGF-1 mRNA expression level compared to the NC, PC, and AA treatments. Mortality was numerically lesser in the postbiotic treatment groups, but not significantly different among all the treatments. In conclusion, among the postbiotics applied in the current study as compared with NC, PC and AA, RI11 could be used as a potential alternative antibiotic growth promoter and anti-stress treatment in the poultry industry.

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Mutations in the Insulin Signaling Pathway Genes Affect Carbohydrate Level under Heat Stress in Drosophila melanogaster Females

Russian Journal of Genetics ◽

10.1134/s1022795419030050 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 519-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. A. Eremina ◽

E. K. Karpova ◽

I. Yu. Rauschenbach ◽

D. S. Pirozhkova ◽

O. V. Andreenkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Insulin Signaling ◽

Insulin Signaling Pathway ◽

Carbohydrate Level

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Ascorbic acid: a limiting nutrient affecting performance and physiological response of broiler chicks under heat stress

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600021954 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 1992 ◽

pp. 82-82

Author(s):

H.R. Kutlu ◽

J.M. Forbes

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Blood Components ◽

Optimum Performance ◽

Limiting Nutrient

Birds are normally able to synthesize adequate amounts of ascorbic acid (AA). However, there are many indications that under stress they cannot produce enough AA for their metabolic needs. In particular, heat stress has been implicated in increasing birds’ demand for AA (Scott, 1975; Sykes, 1978; Coates, 1984). These reports suggest that conditions may exist in which endogenous AA synthesis of birds is not adequate to meet the physiological needs for optimum performance and that during such conditions exogenous supplementation with AA could be beneficial. This study was conducted to determine if dietary supplemental AA would alleviate heat-induced deterioration in performance and metabolism of broiler chicks and also to characterize the changes in body temperature, thyroid weight and blood components as affected by supplemental AA and/or heating.

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Dietary ascorbic acid, pyridoxine and riboflavin reduce the light sensitivity of larvae and pupae of Drosophila melanogaster

Insect Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/0020-1790(91)90108-q ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 541-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B.G. Bruins ◽

W. Scharloo ◽

G.E.W. Thörig

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Light Sensitivity

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151 EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ITS THERMOPROTECTANT ROLE ON IN VITRO EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS) EMBRYOS

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv29n1ab151 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 184

Author(s):

M. Roshan ◽

D. Dua ◽

N. Saini ◽

A. Sharma ◽

T. Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Blastocyst Rate ◽

Stress Related Genes ◽

Nonsignificant Decrease ◽

Ascorbic Acid Supplementation

The most important factors that lead to stress in farm animals are oxidative and thermal stress, leading to reduced reproductive efficiency. Oxidative stress leads to an increase in proportion of reactive oxygen species, whereas heat stress affects the physiology of animals, which lowers the conception rates of dairy cattle. In vitro culture systems have been enhanced by manipulating media with various supplements such as vitamins, growth factors, and antioxidants that have overcome these problems. Ascorbic acid has been shown to play an antioxidant role in many species such as sheep, goat, and pigs. Keeping this in mind, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of in vitro-matured (IVM) and/or in vitro-cultured (IVC) media with ascorbic acid and evaluate its antioxidant role in in vitro development of buffalo embryos. Immature oocytes were collected from visible surface follicles (2 to 8 mm in diameter) in slaughterhouse buffalo ovaries and subjected to IVM, IVF, and IVC in a humidified CO2 incubator at 38.5°C. Ascorbic acid was supplemented to IVM [TCM-199 + 10% featl bovine serum (FBS) + 1 µg mL−1 oestradiol-17β + 5 µg mL−1 pFSH + 0.81 mM sodium pyruvate + 0.68 mM l-glutamine + 50 µg mL−1 gentamicin sulfate] at 50 or 100 µM or IVC (mCR2aa + 0.6% BSA + 10% FBS+ 50 µg mL−1 gentamicin sulfate) at 50 µM or both IVM and IVC media at 50 µM. Oocytes without ascorbic acid were treated as the control group. Cleavage and blastocyst rate was improved when 50 µM (66.67 ± 2.27; 16.67 ± 1.26%) ascorbic acid was supplemented to IVM medium but no significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed at 100 µM (54.04 ± 2.20; 6.16 ± 0.37%) as compared with the control (62.77 ± 2.71; 10.67 ± 0.24%), respectively. When 50 µM ascorbic acid was supplemented in IVM, IVC, or both media, though cleavage rate (66.67 ± 2.27; 69.09 ± 3.22; 66.67 ± 2.23%) was similar in 3 groups, a significant increase was observed in blastocyst rate (16.67 ± 1.26; 20.18 ± 0.86; 28.57 ± 0.37%) when both media were supplemented, respectively. To evaluate the thermoprotectant effect, 4 groups were taken: group 1 without and group 2 with ascorbic acid supplementation, oocytes were given heat treatment at 39.5°C initially for 12 h during IVM; group 3 without and group 4 with ascorbic acid supplementation, oocytes were given heat treatment at 40.5°C initially for 12 h during IVM. No significant difference in developmental rate was observed at elevated temperature of 39.5°C or 40.5°C as compared with the control. Relative mRNA abundance of heat stress-related genes, HSP 70.1 and HSP 70.2, was nonsignificantly higher in oocytes matured at 39.5°C or 40.5°C after supplementation with ascorbic acid as compared to control. Relative mRNA abundance of BAX decreased at 50 µM and increased at 100 µM ascorbic acid compared with control, whereas BID showed similar results between control and treatment. Regarding anti-apoptotic gene expression, significantly higher expression was observed in MCL1 for 50 µM and lower for 100 µM ascorbic acid, and a similar nonsignificant trend was observed for BCL-XL. Developmental genes GDF9 and BMP15 showed a nonsignificant increase in 50 µM, and a nonsignificant decrease in the 100 µM supplemented group as compared with the control. Oxidative stress-related genes SOD and GPX showed a nonsignificant decrease in treated groups as compared to control. From above results, it was concluded that ascorbic acid had an anti-oxidant as well as thermoprotectant role in developmental competence that increased the potential for generation of large domestic animal in vitro embryos for research and applied technologies such as cloning and transgenesis.

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