scholarly journals Helminthic invasion in malaria patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1142-1147
Author(s):  
F. K. Permyakov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Normal Organ ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Parasitic Worms

In the light of modern teachings, parasitic worms are considered not only as causative agents of helminthic diseases, very diverse in etiology and clinical course, but to a large extent also as the primary source of very frequent infectious diseases, as inoculators of microbial flora, as a factor that acts with its poisonous properties on the body, disrupting normal organ function and predisposing it to other diseases and to severe disease. With the development of most infectious diseases, the first role belongs to worms, and the second to bacteria; the course and death of the disease should be considered as the result of the combined destructive work of both. One should not be hypnotized by germs only (Cadeak).

The Basics of Microbiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Solbach
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Hygiene Measures

Microorganisms constitute 70 percent of the biomass on Planet Earth. Comparatively few species are adapted to colonize human surfaces and form a complex Meta-Organism with manyfold mutual benefits. Occasionally, microorganisms may overcome the barriers of the skin and mucosal surfaces and may multiply locally or in multiple sites inside the body. This process is called infection. Infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, helminths, and fungi. Immediately after infection, numerous defense mechanisms of the immune system are activated to combat replication of the microbes. There is a balance between microorganism and human defense mechanisms, which may lead to either asymptomatic infection or result in a wide spectrum of symptoms from mild to severe disease and even death. The most important factors in the diagnosis of infectious diseases are a careful history, physical examination and the appropriate collection of body fluids and tissues. Laboratory diagnosis requires between 2 and 72 hours. Wherever possible, antibiotics should only be used when sufficient evidence of efficacy is available. Then, however, they should be used as early as possible and in high doses. In addition to everyday hygiene measures, vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Causative agents of campylo-bacteriosis of birds – etiological factors of toxicoinfections in humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Sukhinin ◽  
T.N. Rozhdestvenskaya ◽  
S.V. Pankratov ◽  
L.I. Smirnova ◽  
S.A. Makavchik
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transmission Factor ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Causative Agents

This article is devoted to the problems of the emergence among the population of acute intestinal infectious diseases of a zoonotic nature caused by campylobacteriosis. According to WHO estimates, for many years the dominant cause in the development of acute intestinal infectious diseases in humans of a zoonotic nature is campylobacteriosis, which has recently surpassed salmonellosis in prevalence. Campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic infectious disease of agricultural, domestic and wild birds, animals and humans, caused by microorganisms of the genus Campylobacter, characterized by varying degrees of severity and polymorphism manifestations. Bacteria of the Campylobacter genus are ubiquitous in nature, they are present in the body of poultry and animals. The main reservoirs of Campylobacter are wild and domestic birds, primarily chickens. The high infection rate of C. jejuni of poultry flocks leads to more frequent detection of these bacteria in various types of poultry products. As a result, raw materials and poultry products are considered the main source of excretion and transmission factor of campylobacteriosis pathogens, posing the greatest risk to human health, since chicken meat and eggs occupy one of the dominant places in the population's diet. A high percentage of C. jejuni bacteria carriers among poultry, in case of violation of veterinary and sanitary measures in the farm and against the background of other latent infections, can cause significant economic damage to poultry farming due to a decrease in egg production, weight, mortality of poultry and an increase in the cost of health measures. Today, the system for controlling the spread of campylobacteriosis in poultry farms and at poultry processing enterprises is based on the use of general veterinary-zoo hygienic and antiepizootic measures, which does not always prevent infection of poultry, poultry products and, accordingly, people. In this regard, the development of a National Program for the Control of Campylobacteriosis in Poultry Farms of the Russian Federation in order to ensure the epidemiological well-being of the population is relevant.

CIScoSI Study [Children Immunization Status and cases of Systemic Illness]

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Total Coverage

To determine the immunization status of pediatric patients under age of 5 years visiting pediatric department of tertiary care hospitals in South East Asia. The aim of this study was to appreciate the awareness and implementation of vaccination in pediatric patients who came into pediatric outpatient Department with presenting complain other than routine vaccination. we can also know the count of patients who do not complete their vaccination after birth. we can differentiate between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients and incidence of severe disease in both groups. Immunization is a protective process which makes a person resistant to the harmful diseases prevailing in the community, typically by vaccine administration either orally or intravenously. It is proven for controlling and eliminating many threatening diseases from the community. WHO report that licensed vaccines are available for the prevention of many infectious diseases. After the implementation of effective immunization the rate of many infectious diseases have declined in many countries of the world. South-East Asia is far behind in the immunization coverage. An estimated total coverage is 56%-88% for a fully immunized child, which is variable between countries. Also the coverage is highest for BCG and lowest for Polio.

Nutritional Recommendation for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 753-757
Author(s):  
Anagha Gulhane ◽  
Shamli Hiware
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Life Phase ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Nutritional Recommendation

It is the most unreliable truth that anybody can get infected by the COVID-19, and nobody can escape from the danger of getting tainted by the virus. Yet, the line of hope is that anyone and everyone can boost their resistance, thus avoid the risk of getting affected by the illness. The immunity of humans pulls down as they grow older. If their immune system is robust, them falling sick is feeble. If their resistance is weak, them getting ill is sound. Several factors affect the immune system and its ability, including its nourishment. A two-way connection between nutrition, infection and immunity presents. Changes in one part will affect the others part in our body that's the nature's rule. Well defined immune system quality which is present between each life phase may influence the type, generality and the degree of infections. At the same time, low nutrition to the body will decrease the immune function and expose the body to the danger of getting infected by infectious diseases. Different quantity of micronutrients is required for increasing the immunity power of our body. Generally the vitamins A,C,D,E,B2,B6,B12, iron, zinc and selenium.The deficiencies of micronutrients are acknowledged as a global health issue, and also low nutrition makes it prone to establishes the infections in the body.

scholarly journals Pattern of inflammatory immune response determines the clinical course and outcome of COVID-19: unbiased clustering analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunyoung Emily Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Ho Song ◽  
Woochang Hwang ◽  
Sin Young Ham ◽  
Hyeonju Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
Cluster 2

AbstractThe objective of the study was to identify distinct patterns in inflammatory immune responses of COVID-19 patients and to investigate their association with clinical course and outcome. Data from hospitalized COVID-19 patients were retrieved from electronic medical record. Supervised k-means clustering of serial C-reactive protein levels (CRP), absolute neutrophil counts (ANC), and absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) was used to assign immune responses to one of three groups. Then, relationships between patterns of inflammatory responses and clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 were assessed in a discovery and validation cohort. Unbiased clustering analysis grouped 105 patients of a discovery cohort into three distinct clusters. Cluster 1 (hyper-inflammatory immune response) was characterized by high CRP levels, high ANC, and low ALC, whereas Cluster 3 (hypo-inflammatory immune response) was associated with low CRP levels and normal ANC and ALC. Cluster 2 showed an intermediate pattern. All patients in Cluster 1 required oxygen support whilst 61% patients in Cluster 2 and no patient in Cluster 3 required supplementary oxygen. Two (13.3%) patients in Cluster 1 died, whereas no patient in Clusters 2 and 3 died. The results were confirmed in an independent validation cohort of 116 patients. We identified three different patterns of inflammatory immune response to COVID-19. Hyper-inflammatory immune responses with elevated CRP, neutrophilia, and lymphopenia are associated with a severe disease and a worse outcome. Therefore, targeting the hyper-inflammatory response might improve the clinical outcome of COVID-19.

Widespread infection of the Eastern red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) by a new species of Amphibiocystidium, a genus of fungus-like mesomycetozoan parasites not previously reported in North America

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. RAFFEL ◽  
T. BOMMARITO ◽  
D. S. BARRY ◽  
S. M. WITIAK ◽  
L. A. SHACKELTON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Notophthalmus Viridescens ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
A New Species

SUMMARYGiven the worldwide decline of amphibian populations due to emerging infectious diseases, it is imperative that we identify and address the causative agents. Many of the pathogens recently implicated in amphibian mortality and morbidity have been fungal or members of a poorly understood group of fungus-like protists, the mesomycetozoans. One mesomycetozoan, Amphibiocystidium ranae, is known to infect several European amphibian species and was associated with a recent decline of frogs in Italy. Here we present the first report of an Amphibiocystidium sp. in a North American amphibian, the Eastern red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens), and characterize it as the new species A. viridescens in the order Dermocystida based on morphological, geographical and phylogenetic evidence. We also describe the widespread and seasonal distribution of this parasite in red-spotted newt populations and provide evidence of mortality due to infection.

196: CONTEXT-SENSITIVE INDEXATION OF HEMODYNAMICS: AN ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH NORMAL ORGAN FUNCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
Huber Wolfgang ◽  
Sebastian Mair ◽  
Alexander Herner ◽  
Ulrich Mayr ◽  
Tobias Lahmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Function ◽  
Normal Organ ◽  
Context Sensitive

Varicella and Cortisone

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. HAGGERTY ◽  
R. CANNON ELEY
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vesicle Fluid ◽  
Heart Blood ◽  
Cortisone Therapy ◽  
Relationship Of

In the past 2 years we have seen 2 patients at the Children's Medical Center, who, while receiving cortisone therapy, developed varicella and died following a state of shock within a few days after the appearance of the vesicles. Post-mortem examinations of these patients revealed hemorrhagic vesicles throughout all viscera. In 1 case the virus of varicella was grown from vesicle fluid, heart blood, and lung. Since fatalities from varicella in childhood are so rarely encountered, even by physicians with vast experience in the field of infectious diseases, and since the clinical course of the infection in these two patients was so fulminating, the possible relationship of cortisone administration was raised.

Role of cannabinoids in various diseases: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simran Kaur ◽  
Nikita Sharma ◽  
Arpita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Aspect

Background: The plant, Cannabis sativa is heavily explored and researched with many industrial and pharmaceutical applications. The medicinal and therapeutic role of cannabis Sativa has been summarized in the paper, citing its mechanism of action and influence on the human body. Diseases like metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and psychological disorders pose negative and long-term drastic effects on the body like neurodegeneration and other chronic system failures. Several existing literature has proved its effectiveness against such diseases. Objectives: This review aims to provide an overview of the role of cannabinoids in various diseases like metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and psychological disorders. Method: Various e-resources like Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched and read to form a well-informed and information-heavy manuscript. Here we tried to summaries the therapeutic aspect of Cannabis sativa and its bioactive compound cannabinoids in various diseases. Result: This review highlights the various constituents which are present in Cannabis sativa, the Endocannabinoid system, and the role of cannabinoids in various diseases Conclusion: Recent research on Cannabis has suggested its role in neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, sleep disorders, pediatric diseases, and their analgesic nature. Therefore, the authors majorly focus on the therapeutic aspect of Cannabis sativa in various diseases. The focus is also on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and its role in fighting or preventing bacterial, parasitic, fungal, and viral infections.

The clinical course and role of surgery in pediatric malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: a database study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Victor M. Lu ◽  
Shelly Wang ◽  
David J. Daniels ◽  
Robert J. Spinner ◽  
Allan D. Levi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Body ◽  
National Database ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumors ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors ◽  
Nerve Sheath

OBJECTIVE Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare tumors found throughout the body, with their clinical course in children still not completely understood. Correspondingly, this study aimed to determine survival outcomes and specific clinical predictors of survival in this population from a large national database. METHODS All patients with MPNSTs aged ≤ 18 years in the US National Cancer Database (NCDB) between 2005 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were summarized, and overall survival was modeled using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 251 pediatric patients with MPNSTs (132 [53%] females and 119 [47%] males) were identified; the mean age at diagnosis was 13.1 years (range 1–18 years). There were 84 (33%) MPNSTs located in the extremities, 127 (51%) were smaller than 1 cm, and 22 (9%) had metastasis at the time of diagnosis. In terms of treatment, surgery was pursued in 187 patients (74%), chemotherapy in 116 patients (46%), and radiation therapy in 129 patients (61%). The 5-year overall survival rate was estimated at 52% (95% CI 45%–59%), with a median survival of 64 months (range 36–136 months). Multivariate regression revealed that older age (HR 1.10, p < 0.01), metastases at the time of diagnosis (HR 2.14, p = 0.01), and undergoing biopsy only (HR 2.98, p < 0.01) significantly and independently predicted a shorter overall survival. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the authors found that older patient age, tumor metastases at the time of diagnosis, and undergoing only biopsy significantly and independently predicted poorer outcomes. Only approximately half of patients survived to 5 years. These results have shown a clear survival benefit in pursuing maximal safe resection in pediatric patients with MPNSTs. As such, judicious workup with meticulous resection by an expert team should be considered the standard of care for these tumors in children.

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