scholarly journals Paul ANGHEL (1869 – 1937) - a reputed surgeon, an empathetic teacher and a poetic spirit

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Civic Involvement ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
Creative Mind ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Medical Tradition ◽  
University Professor ◽  
History Of ◽  
War Medicine

Paul Anghel was an outstanding surgeon of the Iași Faculty of Medicine illustrating its first decennia of existence. He contributed to the development of the Romanian medical school by his activity and disciples. Trained in Iasi, Bucharest and also in Paris, as was the case with many of his remarkable compatriots, Anghel practiced general surgery but specialized in orthopedics, where his creative mind and experience enabled him to imagine and achieve new surgical techniques, including bone transplant, and prosthetic devices. He was a university professor at the Iași Faculty of Medicine, head of clinic at the ‟St. Spyridon” Hospital in the same city and member of important scientific societies. Dr. Anghel equally dealt with basic topics such as antisepsis and asepsis, wound treatment and war medicine that continued to be main concerns at the dawn of the XX-th century. A silent introspect with a poetic spirit, a cultivated and knowledgeable analyst of his time, Paul Anghel was interested in medical history, too. His scientific reviews always included retrospective glances into history. He pointed out some aspects of the history of the Faculty of Medicine of Iași and of the national medical tradition, and sketched the portraits of several Romanian medical and cultural personalities, proving his affective attachment to their memory. A skilled doctor, an innovative specialist, an empathetic teacher, and an emotional character, Professor Anghel was awarded medals and orders in recognition of his human qualities and civic involvement. He remained a personality of the Iași surgical school, a forerunner of modern orthopedics in his country and a role model.

scholarly journals WOMEN'S MODERNISM IN MEDICAL SCIENCE OF WESTERN UKRAINE – SOFIA OKUNEVSKA-MORACHEVSKA, SOFIA PARFANOVYCH AND VOLODYMYRA KRUSHELNYTSKA

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 784-787
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Stytsiuk ◽  
Zhanna M. Zolotarova ◽  
Iryna V. Stovban ◽  
Halyna Y. Yukish
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Women Physicians ◽  
Common Features ◽  
National Medical ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Medical Tradition ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The aim: The purpose of this article is to identify through the analysis of biographical and scientific Sofia Okunevska-Morachevska, Sofia Parfanovych and Volodymyra Krushelnytska common features of personal and professional development to understand the scientific, social and cultural parts of their activities in the context of the history of national medical tradition. Materials and methods: We will try to consider in general terms the life and professional path of Sofia Okunevska-Morachevska, Sofia Parfanovych, Volodymyra Krushelnytska, highlighting common features and analyzing them in contexts of social, political, and cultural features of the era. Conclusions: Analyzing the biographical milestones and scientific achievements of women physicians in Western Ukraine in the late XIX – early XX century, we concluded that these personalities of Ukrainian medicine can be combined with a number of characteristics, thus demonstrating the continuity and longevity of the national female medical elite in Ukraine.

Health and Medicine in the Islamic Tradition

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
Dennis Michael Warren
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Medical Tradition ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The late Dr. Fazlur Rahman, Harold H. Swift Distinguished Service Professor of Islamic Thought at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, has written this book as number seven in the series on Health/Medicine and the Faith Traditions. This series has been sponsored as an interfaith program by The Park Ridge Center, an Institute for the study of health, faith, and ethics. Professor Rahman has stated that his study is "an attempt to portray the relationship of Islam as a system of faith and as a tradition to human health and health care: What value does Islam attach to human well-being-spiritual, mental, and physical-and what inspiration has it given Muslims to realize that value?" (xiii). Although he makes it quite clear that he has not attempted to write a history of medicine in Islam, readers will find considerable depth in his treatment of the historical development of medicine under the influence of Islamic traditions. The book begins with a general historical introduction to Islam, meant primarily for readers with limited background and understanding of Islam. Following the introduction are six chapters devoted to the concepts of wellness and illness in Islamic thought, the religious valuation of medicine in Islam, an overview of Prophetic Medicine, Islamic approaches to medical care and medical ethics, and the relationship of the concepts of birth, contraception, abortion, sexuality, and death to well-being in Islamic culture. The basis for Dr. Rahman's study rests on the explication of the concepts of well-being, illness, suffering, and destiny in the Islamic worldview. He describes Islam as a system of faith with strong traditions linking that faith with concepts of human health and systems for providing health care. He explains the value which Islam attaches to human spiritual, mental, and physical well-being. Aspects of spiritual medicine in the Islamic tradition are explained. The dietary Jaws and other orthodox restrictions are described as part of Prophetic Medicine. The religious valuation of medicine based on the Hadith is compared and contrasted with that found in the scientific medical tradition. The history of institutionalized medical care in the Islamic World is traced to awqaf, pious endowments used to support health services, hospices, mosques, and educational institutions. Dr. Rahman then describes the ...

scholarly journals What Does It Mean to Be a(n Italian) Borderland? Recent Literature on Italy's ‘New Provinces’ of South Tyrol and the Julian March

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Eden McLean
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
World War ◽  
Consociational Democracy ◽  
South Tyrol ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Role ◽  
Border Controls ◽  
Friuli Venezia Giulia

In the era of the Schengen Area (at least in the days before Covid-19), travel from Munich to Bozen/Bolzano or Ljubljana to Trst/Trieste is a decidedly unremarkable, albeit beautiful, adventure. Just as meaningful as the lack of border controls, travellers find all public signage in both Italian and German (and sometimes Ladin, too) upon arrival in Bozen/Bolzano. Signs in the streets of Trst/Trieste less reliably have Slovene alongside the Italian, but assistance with translation can be found with little difficulty. The Italian autonomous regions ‘with special statutes’ in which these cities reside – Trentino-Alto Adige (South Tyrol) and Friuli Venezia Giulia (the Julian March) – are multilingual territories that, at least on an official level, embrace a multiethnic heritage and reality. In fact, Trentino-Alto Adige's consociational democracy is widely regarded among political scientists as an international role model for how states can successfully protect and give voice to minority populations. Those unfamiliar with the more recent history of these regions might be surprised to learn of these avowedly multiethnic political and cultural structures. For much of the first half of the twentieth century, the regions’ two states – Austria-Hungary until 1919 and thereafter Italy – employed the ‘nationality principle’ to define policies and populations in these territories. As in most of Europe at the time, sovereignty was increasingly predicated on the contemporary ideal of the nation state, in which borders, ethnicity, language and citizenship were all bound together. Of course, as a multiethnic empire, Austria-Hungary was much more concerned about centralising state authority (and then fighting a world war) than national homogeneity, while Italy's nationalisation campaign in the interwar period became fundamental to its presence in the new provinces. Still, both states sought to classify and ultimately to control their border populations by privileging ethnolinguistic categories of citizenship.

Risk of reoperation and infection after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and open lumbar discectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 103-B (8) ◽  
pp. 1392-1399
Author(s):  
Tae Wook Kang ◽  
Si Young Park ◽  
Hoonji Oh ◽  
Soon Hyuck Lee ◽  
Jong Hoon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Lumbar Discectomy ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy ◽  
Primary Endpoints ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
History Of ◽  
Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy ◽  
Reoperation Rates

Aims Open discectomy (OD) is the standard operation for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD), however, has shown similar outcomes to OD and there is increasing interest in this procedure. However despite improved surgical techniques and instrumentation, reoperation and infection rates continue and are reported to be between 6% and 24% and 0.7% and 16%, respectively. The objective of this study was to compare the rate of reoperation and infection within six months of patients being treated for LDH either by OD or PELD. Methods In this retrospective, nationwide cohort study, the Korean National Health Insurance database from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2018 was reviewed. Data were extracted for patients who underwent OD or PELD for LDH without a history of having undergone either procedure during the preceding year. Individual patients were followed for six months through their encrypted unique resident registration number. The primary endpoints were rates of reoperation and infection during the follow-up period. Other risk factors for reoperation and infection were also evalulated. Results Out of 549,531 patients, 522,640 had undergone OD (95.11%) and 26,891 patients had undergone PELD (4.89%). Reoperation rates within six months were 2.28% in the OD group, and 5.38% in the PELD group. Infection rates were 1.18% in OD group and 0.83% in PELD group. The risk of reoperation was lower for patients with OD than for patients with PELD (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.38). The risk of infection was higher for patients with OD than for patients undergoing PELD (HR, 1.325). Conclusion Compared with the OD group, the PELD group showed higher reoperation rates and lower infection rates. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(8):1392–1399.

scholarly journals Pierre Monbeig and the Formation of Geography in Brazil (1925-1957): Geohistory of Knowledge, Intellectual History and the Insertion of Brazilian Geography into the World-Science

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Alves de Lira
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
World Science ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
The World ◽  
University Professor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Context

This paper aims to present the exemplarity of an intellectual meeting between a French intellectual, trained in history and geography at the Sorbonne, France (before spending time in Spain during the beginning of his doctorate), and the “Brazilian terrain”. From his training to his work as a university professor in Brazil, what I want to characterize is a transnational intellectual context in the domain of the history of science, using geographical reasoning as a reference. However, before becoming aware of these intellectual processes, it should be said that at the base of this context lies the Brazilian space. This kind of reasoning as a proposed methodology is named here the geohistory of knowledge. In this paper, I seek to present this methodology and its theoretical and empirical results, focusing on how the construction of contextualization can be related to space.

scholarly journals ON THE ISSUE OF INTRODUCTION OFLICENSED INTEGRATED EXAM IN MEDICINEIN ESTABLISHMENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Tetyana KYRYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Main Research ◽  
State Certification ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Different Levels

Introduction. The entry of the Ukrainian state into the European educational space, bringing in line domestic educational standards of future medical profe-?sionals’ training to European ones led to the reform of higher medical education, expanding the content of educational programs, introducing new methods and technologies of teaching students and improving forms of cooperation of teachers and students in medical establishments of higher education. In this regard, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine decided to introduce a licensed integrated exam for students of medicalestablishments of higher education, which aimed to identify not only the level of training of graduates of domestic medical establishments, but also to compare their training with European and world levels.The purpose of the article is to reveal the history of the introduction of a licensed integrated medical exam in Ukraine, the content of the system of students’ training for it, the positive aspects and shortcomings of the first experience of this form of state certification in various medical establishments of higher education. Methods. During the work on the article the following main research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, descriptive. Results. The history of the introduction of the licensed integrated exam in medicine in Ukraine during the end of the 20th – the first quarter of the 21st century in Ukraine is revealed in the article. The sites of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and the Testing Center at the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, which contain state documents on the feasibility of the system of implementation of a licensed integrated medical exam; information about the experiment in some medical etablishments of higher education of Ukraine and the first experience of implementing licensed state certification in medical universities, schools, colleges and academies in the Ukrainian state are presented and analyzed. It was established that the experiment was initially conducted in some establishments of higher education since 1996 with further discussion of its results, and in 1998 the licensed integrated exam has become mandatory for all medical establishments of higher education of Ukraine that train specialists in “Medicine” and “Pharmacy”. Since 2000 it has become mandatory for specialists in “Dentistry”, and since 2004 exams have become mandatory for interns and in 2007 they have become mandatory for interns-dentists. Particular attention is paid to the content, structure and stages of implementation of this exam, analysis of the first results of its implementation and assessment of training for the exam by teachers and students of Ukrainian medical establishments of higher education. A comparative description of the methods of training, organization of the exam, information material for it, forms of independent training for the exam of students in medical establishments of higher education of different levels of accreditation is given. The experience of teachers’ work at such medical establishments of higher education as Bukovynian State Medical University, Vinnytsia National Medical University named after M.I. Pyrohov, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Ternopil State Medical University named after Ivan Horbachevsky, Kharkiv National University of Pharmacy, Zhytomyr Institute of Nursing, Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy and others. Originality. The experience of introduction of the licensed integrated examination in medical estab-?ishments of higher education of Ukraine of different levels of accreditation is systematized for the first time.

scholarly journals History of the use of autologous materials in aortic valve surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
R. N. Komarov ◽  
A. O. Simonyan ◽  
I. A. Borisov ◽  
V. V. Dalinin ◽  
A. M. Ismailbaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Aortic Valve Surgery ◽  
Short Service Life ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Valve Reconstruction ◽  
History Of

<p>Various types of autologous materials are used in heart valve surgery, particularly the aortic valve, and this article describes their historical development. The evolution of the use of various autogenous tissues, such as the aortic wall, fascia lata of the thigh, pericardium and others is described and discussed in detail. This paper presents the results of experimental and clinical publications devoted to the surgical techniques and the outcomes of heart valve reconstruction using such materials. The negative aspects of the use of a wide range of autografts are discussed, including the short service life and low strength, which led to declining interest in this group of reconstructive interventions. The method for treating the autopericardium with glutaraldehyde, proposed in 1986 by C.S. Love, J.W. Love and colleagues, raised the use of autologous materials in the reconstruction of heart valves to a new level, allowing surgeons to strengthen the autopericardial flaps and increase resistance to hemodynamic stress. Many surgeons, their interest in such treatment methods increased by this discovery, then reported their observations and further developed ways of using the treated autopericardium in aortic valve surgery. Particularly, the method of neocuspidisation of the aortic valve, introduced into wide practice by M.G. Duran and S. Ozaki, has become the quintessential reconstructive valve surgery involving the use of autologous materials.</p><p>Received 14 March 2021. Revised 26 April 2021. Accepted 27 April 2021.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> The authors declare no conflicts of interests.</p><p><strong>Contribution of the authors</strong><br />Conception and study design: A.O. Simonyan, A.M. Ismailbaev<br />Drafting the article: A.O. Simonyan, A.M. Ismailbaev, N.O. Kurasov, M.I. Tcheglov<br />Critical revision of the article: R.N. Komarov, V.V. Dalinin, I.A. Borisov<br />Final approval of the version to be published: R.N. Komarov, A.O. Simonyan, I.A. Borisov, V.V. Dalinin, A.M. Ismailbaev, N.O. Kurasov, M.I. Tcheglov</p>

EVALUATION OF THE SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE PEDIATRIC BLEEDING QUESTIONNAIRE IN VARIOUS HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
T.U. Yafoshkina ◽  
◽  
D.B. Florinskiy ◽  
A.V. Pshonkin ◽  
D.V. Fedorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Discriminatory Ability ◽  
Pediatric Hematology ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Laboratory Examinations

Determination of significant bleeding in the anamnesis is quite difficult, since mild mucocutaneous bleeding can occur both in patients with hereditary bleeding disorders and in healthy people. As a result, there is a growing interest among researchers and clinicians in accurate and objective quantification of hemorrhage symptoms. Objective of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pediatric bleeding questionnaire as a tool for identifying a group of children requiring further laboratory examination. Materials and methods of research: the study was a retrospective, uncontrolled, comparative, nonrandomized, single-center study. Based on the analysis of the database of the Consultive department of the Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology from January 2017 to December 2019, out of the total number of visits to doctors, patients under 18 years old who complained of increased bleeding were selected. The manifestations of hemorrhagic syndrome were evaluated using the pediatric bleeding scale – PBQ (Pediatric Bleeding Questionnaire), followed by a series of laboratory examinations to verify the diagnosis in all children. The sensitivity and specificity of this questionnaire was assessed at various threshold values using the ROC AUC curve, and a comparison of the scores on the scale in patients with different nosologies was made. Results: the study included 346 people, 174 were diagnosed, 172 had no data for coagulopathy/thrombocytopathy found – the patients were considered healthy. The discriminatory ability of the scale under study, studied using the ROC-AUC, was 0,815 (95% CI 0,772–0,858) – satisfactory. With a threshold value of pathological bleeding of 2 points, the sensitivity of the method was 98%, specificity – 12%. The best ratio of sensitivity and specificity (69% and 79%, respectively) was achieved when the threshold value was increased to 4 points. Conclusion: this questionnaire is a convenient addition, with the help of which it is easy to collect a history of bleeding, to assess the severity of bleeding, but it cannot be used as a screening method due to the large number of falsepositive results.

History of the Medical and Rehabilitation Clinical Center “Yudino” — Branch of the National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneology (1988–2021)

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
M. A. Eremushkin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Research Center ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
History Of

В работе рассмотрены вопросы создания и деятельности лечебно-реабилитационного клинического центра «Юдино» — филиала Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр реабилитации и курортологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации с начала его открытия (1988 г.) по текущее время, с указанием его бывших и настоящего руководителей, отмечены основные достижения и наработки, полученные в реабилитационном комплексе в прошлом и современные направления его деятельности

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