scholarly journals Unbridle biomedical research from the laboratory cage

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garet P Lahvis
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Health And Disease

Many biomedical research studies use captive animals to model human health and disease. However, a surprising number of studies show that the biological systems of animals living in standard laboratory housing are abnormal. To make animal studies more relevant to human health, research animals should live in the wild or be able to roam free in captive environments that offer a natural range of both positive and negative experiences. Recent technological advances now allow us to study freely roaming animals and we should make use of them.

scholarly journals Climate Change, Human Health, and Biomedical Research: Analysis of the National Institutes of Health Research Portfolio

2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Jessup ◽  
John M. Balbus ◽  
Carole Christian ◽  
Ehsanul Haque ◽  
Sally E. Howe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Health Research ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Research Analysis

scholarly journals Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Current Findings,Challenges, and Future Applications

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Nader Kameli ◽  
Anya Dragojlovic-Kerkache ◽  
Paul Savelkoul ◽  
Frank R. Stassen
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Protocol Standardization ◽  
Insight Into

In recent years, plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have gained the interest of many experts in fields such as microbiology and immunology, and research in this field has exponentially increased. These nano-sized particles have provided researchers with a number of interesting findings, making their application in human health and disease very promising. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that PDEVs can exhibit a multitude of effects, suggesting that these vesicles may have many potential future applications, including therapeutics and nano-delivery of compounds. While the preliminary results are promising, there are still some challenges to face, such as a lack of protocol standardization, as well as knowledge gaps that need to be filled. This review aims to discuss various aspects of PDEV knowledge, including their preliminary findings, challenges, and future uses, giving insight into the complexity of conducting research in this field.

scholarly journals Science for the Next Century: Deep Phenotyping

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110018
Author(s):  
J.T. Wright ◽  
M.C. Herzberg
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Omic Data ◽  
Precision Health ◽  
Deep Phenotyping

Our ability to unravel the mysteries of human health and disease have changed dramatically over the past 2 decades. Decoding health and disease has been facilitated by the recent availability of high-throughput genomics and multi-omics analyses and the companion tools of advanced informatics and computational science. Understanding of the human genome and its influence on phenotype continues to advance through genotyping large populations and using “light phenotyping” approaches in combination with smaller subsets of the population being evaluated using “deep phenotyping” approaches. Using our capability to integrate and jointly analyze genomic data with other multi-omic data, the knowledge of genotype-phenotype relationships and associated genetic pathways and functions is being advanced. Understanding genotype-phenotype relationships that discriminate human health from disease is speculated to facilitate predictive, precision health care and change modes of health care delivery. The American Association for Dental Research Fall Focused Symposium assembled experts to discuss how studies of genotype-phenotype relationships are illuminating the pathophysiology of craniofacial diseases and developmental biology. Although the breadth of the topic did not allow all areas of dental, oral, and craniofacial research to be addressed (e.g., cancer), the importance and power of integrating genomic, phenomic, and other -omic data are illustrated using a variety of examples. The 8 Fall Focused talks presented different methodological approaches for ascertaining study populations and evaluating population variance and phenotyping approaches. These advances are reviewed in this summary.

scholarly journals Vitamin C in Human Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Dariusz Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Vitamin C Deficiency ◽  
Health And Disease

Although the symptoms related to vitamin C deficiency were known in ancient Egypt and eighteenth century Scottish surgeon James Lind found that scurvy (a disease resulting from insufficient dietary ingestion of vitamin C) could be effectively treated with citrus fruit, this vitamin was discovered only in the year 1912 and then after 21 years it was chemically synthetized and introduced to the market as the first vitamin supplement [...]

scholarly journals Propionibacterium acnesin Human Health and Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew McDowell ◽  
Sheila Patrick ◽  
Yoshinobu Eishi ◽  
Peter Lambert ◽  
Anne Eady
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Early Developmental Conditioning of Later Health and Disease: Physiology or Pathophysiology?

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hanson ◽  
P. D. Gluckman
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Evolutionary Developmental Biology ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Extensive experimental animal studies and epidemiological observations have shown that environmental influences during early development affect the risk of later pathophysiological processes associated with chronic, especially noncommunicable, disease (NCD). This field is recognized as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). We discuss the extent to which DOHaD represents the result of the physiological processes of developmental plasticity, which may have potential adverse consequences in terms of NCD risk later, or whether it is the manifestation of pathophysiological processes acting in early life but only becoming apparent as disease later. We argue that the evidence suggests the former, through the operation of conditioning processes induced across the normal range of developmental environments, and we summarize current knowledge of the physiological processes involved. The adaptive pathway to later risk accords with current concepts in evolutionary developmental biology, especially those concerning parental effects. Outside the normal range, effects on development can result in nonadaptive processes, and we review their underlying mechanisms and consequences. New concepts concerning the underlying epigenetic and other mechanisms involved in both disruptive and nondisruptive pathways to disease are reviewed, including the evidence for transgenerational passage of risk from both maternal and paternal lines. These concepts have wider implications for understanding the causes and possible prevention of NCDs such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, for broader social policy and for the increasing attention paid in public health to the lifecourse approach to NCD prevention.

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