scholarly journals Nationally-representative serostudy of dengue in Bangladesh allows generalizable disease burden estimates

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Salje ◽  
Kishor Kumar Paul ◽  
Repon Paul ◽  
Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer ◽  
Ziaur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
The North ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Nationally Representative

Serostudies are needed to answer generalizable questions on disease risk. However, recruitment is usually biased by age or location. We present a nationally-representative study for dengue from 70 communities in Bangladesh. We collected data on risk factors, trapped mosquitoes and tested serum for IgG. Out of 5866 individuals, 24% had evidence of historic infection, ranging from 3% in the north to >80% in Dhaka. Being male (aOR:1.8, [95%CI:1.5–2.0]) and recent travel (aOR:1.3, [1.1–1.8]) were linked to seropositivity. We estimate that 40 million [34.3–47.2] people have been infected nationally, with 2.4 million ([1.3–4.5]) annual infections. Had we visited only 20 communities, seropositivity estimates would have ranged from 13% to 37%, highlighting the lack of representativeness generated by small numbers of communities. Our findings have implications for both the design of serosurveys and tackling dengue in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Dinner consumption and cardiovascular disease risk factors among a nationally representative sample of Iranian adolescents: the CASPIAN-III Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Fahime Akbari ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh ◽  
Gelayol Ardalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative

Introduction: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and dinner consumption in a nationally representative sample of Iranian adolescents. Methods: The present study was conducted on 5642 adolescents aged 10-18 years old in 27 provinces in Iran. The subjects were included applying by multistage random cluster sampling. Participants who ate ≥5 dinners during a week were considered as a dinner consumer. Results: Among 5642 subjects, 1412 (25%) did not consume dinner. Dinner consumers were less likely to be overweight or obese (P < 0.001) and abdominally obese (P < 0.001) as well as to have an abnormal level of HDL-C (P = 0.02). Dinner skipper youths had a higher risk for overweight or obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.39-1.89) and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.36-1.85) which remained significant after adjusting confounding factors (P <0001). No relationship was observed between dinner consumption and the rest of the CVD risk factors, neither in crude nor in adjusted models. A higher proportion of dinner-consumer adolescents had no CVD risk factors in comparison to dinner-skipper subjects (31.1% vs. 28%). Conclusion: Eating dinner might be inversely associated with some CVD risk factors among Iranian adolescents. Further prospective studies will need to prove this theory.

Risk Factors for Infection Following Total Wrist Arthroplasty and Arthrodesis: An Analysis of 6641 Patients

Hand ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 155894471989003
Author(s):  
Alyssa D. Althoff ◽  
Russell A. Reeves ◽  
Sophia A. Traven ◽  
Harris S. Slone ◽  
D. Nicole Deal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Postoperative Infection ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Posttraumatic Arthritis ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Wrist Arthroplasty

Background: Infection following wrist arthroplasty (WA) or wrist fusion (WF) is an uncommon but difficult complication often resulting in explantation and prolonged courses of antibiotics. The purposes of this study are to: (1) characterize the demographic trends of individuals undergoing WA and WF; (2) determine the incidence of postoperative infection; and (3) identify risk factors for postoperative infection. Methods: The PearlDiver database was used to query 100% Medicare Standard Analytic files from 2005 to 2014. Patients undergoing WA or radiocarpal WF were identified using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Diagnosis for infection within 1 year of operative intervention was assessed by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes or CPT codes related to infection. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative infection. Results: Of the 6641 patients included, 1137 (17.1%) underwent arthroplasty and 5504 (82.9%) underwent arthrodesis. Within 1 year of the index procedure, 3.5% had a diagnosis of, or procedure for, postoperative infection (WA: n = 40 of 1137; WF: n = 192 of 5504). Risk factors for infection following WA include age >85, tobacco use, depression, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Risk factors following radiocarpal WF include male sex, age >85, body mass index <19 kg/m2, depression, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Posttraumatic origin of wrist arthritis was a risk factor for infection following both WA and WF. Conclusions: Infection following WA and WF is relatively uncommon in a nationally representative Medicare database cohort. Risk factors common to both WA and WF include age >85, depression, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and posttraumatic arthritis.

scholarly journals The North Karelia Project: Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Finland Through Population-Based Lifestyle Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Puska ◽  
Paresh Jaini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
The North

The North Karelia Project was started in 1972 as a response to the high cardiovascular mortality among men in North Karelia, Finland’s easternmost province. Prevalent cardiovascular disease risk factors in the province included elevated serum cholesterol, hypertension, and smoking. Through a sociobehavioral framework utilizing community-based interventions and national-level policy changes and legislation, the project targeted lifestyle changes as a means to alleviate cardiovascular disease risk factors. Diet recommendations included minimizing the use of saturated fats and decreasing salt intake. Another target of the project was to reduce the prevalence of smoking. As a result of the lifestyle interventions that continued beyond the initial 5 years of the project and then expanded to all of Finland, there were significant reductions in serum cholesterol levels, hypertension, smoking prevalence, and cardiovascular disease mortality. The North Karelia Project demonstrates that successful population-based lifestyle interventions serve as a sustainable public health solution to the growing chronic disease burden.

scholarly journals What differentiates prisoners who attempt suicide from those who experience suicidal ideation? A nationally representative study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Favril
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective: Many people who think about suicide do not engage in suicidal behavior. Identifying risk factors implicated in the process of behavioral enaction is crucial for suicide prevention, particularly in high-risk groups such as incarcerated offenders. Method: Cross-sectional data were drawn from a nationally representative sample of 17,891 prisoners (79% men) in the United States. We compared prisoners who attempted suicide (n = 2496) with those who thought about suicide but never made an attempt (n = 1716) on a range of established risk factors. Results: More than half (59%) of participants who experienced suicidal ideation had also attempted suicide. Violent offending, trauma, brain injury, alcohol abuse, and certain mental disorders independently distinguished attempters from ideators. Conclusion: Our results fit within recent ideation-to-action theories that emphasize the role of a capability for suicide in the transition from thoughts to acts of suicide.

scholarly journals Use of routine death and illness surveillance data to provide insight for UK pandemic planning: lessons from COVID-19

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e044707
Author(s):  
Helen E Clough ◽  
K Marie McIntyre ◽  
Grace E Patterson ◽  
John P Harris ◽  
Jonathan Rushton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesReporting of COVID-19 cases, deaths and testing has often lacked context for appropriate assessment of disease burden within risk groups. The research considers how routine surveillance data might provide initial insights and identify risk factors, setting COVID-19 deaths early in the pandemic into context. This will facilitate the understanding of wider consequences of a pandemic from the earliest stage, reducing fear, aiding in accurately assessing disease burden and ensuring appropriate disease mitigation.SettingUK, 2020.ParticipantsThe study is a secondary analysis of routine, public domain, surveillance data and information from Office for National Statistics (ONS), National Health Service (NHS) 111 and Public Health England (PHE) on deaths and disease.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOur principal focus is ONS data on deaths mentioning COVID-19 on the death certificate. We also consider information provided in NHS 111 and PHE data summaries.ResultsDeaths with COVID-19 significantly contributed to, yet do not entirely explain, abnormally elevated all-cause mortality in the UK from weeks 12–18 of 2020. Early in the UK epidemic, COVID-19 was the greatest threat to those with underlying illness, rarely endangering people aged under 40 years. COVID-19-related death rates differed by region, possibly reflecting underlying population structure. Risk of COVID-19-related death was greater for healthcare and social care staff and black, Asian and minority ethnic individuals, having allowed for documented risk factors.ConclusionEarly contextualisation of public health data is critical to recognising who gets sick, when and why. Understanding at-risk groups facilitates a targeted response considering indirect consequences of society’s reaction to a pandemic alongside disease-related impacts. COVID-19-related deaths mainly mirror historical patterns, and excess non-COVID-19-related deaths partly reflect reduced access to and uptake of healthcare during lockdown. Future outbreak response will improve through better understanding of connectivity between disease monitoring systems to aid interpretation of disease risk patterns, facilitating nuanced mitigation measures.

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