scholarly journals Pyrophosphate modulates plant stress responses via SUMOylation

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Görkem Patir-Nebioglu ◽  
Zaida Andrés ◽  
Melanie Krebs ◽  
Fabian Fink ◽  
Katarzyna Drzewicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Mechanistic Explanation ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Electrochemical Gradient ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Low Levels

Pyrophosphate (PPi), a byproduct of macromolecule biosynthesis is maintained at low levels by soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases (sPPase) found in all eukaryotes. In plants, H+-pumping pyrophosphatases (H+-PPase) convert the substantial energy present in PPi into an electrochemical gradient. We show here, that both cold- and heat stress sensitivity of fugu5 mutants lacking the major H+-PPase isoform AVP1 is correlated with reduced SUMOylation. In addition, we show that increased PPi concentrations interfere with SUMOylation in yeast and we provide evidence that SUMO activating E1-enzymes are inhibited by micromolar concentrations of PPi in a non-competitive manner. Taken together, our results do not only provide a mechanistic explanation for the beneficial effects of AVP1 overexpression in plants but they also highlight PPi as an important integrator of metabolism and stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Pyrophosphate modulates stress responses via SUMOylation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Görkem Patir-Nebioglu ◽  
Zaida Andrés ◽  
Melanie Krebs ◽  
Fabian Fink ◽  
Katarzyna Drzewicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mechanistic Explanation ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Electrochemical Gradient ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Levels

Pyrophosphate (PPi), a byproduct of macromolecule biosynthesis is maintained at low levels by soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases (sPPase) found in all eukaryotes. In plants, H+-pumping pyrophosphatases (H+-PPase) convert the substantial energy present in PPi into an electrochemical gradient. We show here, that both cold- and heat stress sensitivity of fugu5 mutants lacking the major H+-PPase isoform AVP1 is caused by reduced SUMOylation. In addition, we show that increased PPi concentrations interfere with SUMOylation in yeast and we provide evidence that SUMO activating E1-enzymes are inhibited by micromolar concentrations of PPi in a non-competitive manner. Taken together, our results do not only provide a mechanistic explanation for the beneficial effects of AVP1 overexpression in plants but they also highlight PPi as an important integrator of metabolism and stress tolerance in eukaryotes.

Organic acids: Versatile stress response roles in plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Panchal ◽  
Anthony J Miller ◽  
Jitender Giri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance

Abstract Organic acids (OAs) are central to cellular metabolism. Many plant stress responses involve exudation of OAs at the root-soil interface that can improve soil mineral acquisition and toxic metal tolerance. Because of their simple structure, the Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids (LMWOAs) are widely studied. We discuss the conventional roles of OAs, along with some newly emerging roles in plant stress tolerance. OAs are more versatile in their role in plant stress tolerance and are efficient chelating agents when compared with other acids, such as amino acids. Root OA exudation is important in soil carbon sequestration. These functions are key processes combating climate change and helping with more sustainable food production. We briefly review the mechanisms behind enhanced biosynthesis, secretion and regulation of these activities under different stresses. Also, an outline of the transgenic approaches targeted towards the enhanced production and secretion of OAs is provided. A re-occurring theme of OAs in plant biology is their roles as either ‘acids’ modifying pH or ‘chelators’ binding metals or as ‘carbon sources’ for microbes. We argue that these multiple functions are key factors for understanding these molecules important roles in plant stress biology. Finally, we contemplate how the functions of OAs in plant stress responses can be made use of and what the important unanswered questions are.

scholarly journals Transgenerational effects of temperature fluctuations in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Deng ◽  
Oliver Bossdorf ◽  
Johannes Fredericus Scheepens
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Offspring Generation

Plant stress responses can extend into the following generations, a phenomenon called transgenerational effects. Heat stress, in particular, is known to affect plant offspring, but we do not know to what extent these effects depend on the temporal patterns of the stress, and whether transgenerational responses are adaptive and genetically variable within species. To address these questions, we carried out a two-generation experiment with nine Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes. We subjected the plants to heat stress regimes that varied in timing and frequency, but not in mean temperature, and we then grew the offspring of these plants under controlled conditions as well as under renewed heat stress. The stress treatments significantly carried over to the offspring generation, with timing having stronger effects on plant phenotypes than stress frequency. However there was no evidence that transgenerational effects were adaptive. The magnitudes of transgenerational effects differed substantially among genotypes, and for some traits the strength of plant responses was significantly associated with the climatic variability at the sites of origin. In summary, timing of heat stress not only directly affects plants, but it can also cause transgenerational effects on offspring phenotypes. Genetic variation in transgenerational effects, as well as correlations between transgenerational effects and climatic variability, indicate that transgenerational effects can evolve, and have probably already done so in the past.

scholarly journals Transgenerational effects of temperature fluctuations in Arabidopsis thaliana

AoB Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Deng ◽  
Oliver Bossdorf ◽  
J F Scheepens
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Offspring Generation

Abstract Plant stress responses can extend into the following generations, a phenomenon called transgenerational effects. Heat stress, in particular, is known to affect plant offspring, but we do not know to what extent these effects depend on the temporal patterns of the stress, and whether transgenerational responses are adaptive and genetically variable within species. To address these questions, we carried out a two-generation experiment with nine Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes. We subjected the plants to heat stress regimes that varied in timing and frequency, but not in mean temperature, and we then grew the offspring of these plants under controlled conditions as well as under renewed heat stress. The stress treatments significantly carried over to the offspring generation, with timing having stronger effects on plant phenotypes than stress frequency. However, there was no evidence that transgenerational effects were adaptive. The magnitudes of transgenerational effects differed substantially among genotypes, and for some traits the strength of plant responses was significantly associated with the climatic variability at the sites of origin. In summary, timing of heat stress not only directly affects plants, but it can also cause transgenerational effects on offspring phenotypes. Genetic variation in transgenerational effects, as well as correlations between transgenerational effects and climatic variability, indicate that transgenerational effects can evolve, and have probably already done so in the past.

scholarly journals Get Together: The Interaction between Melatonin and Salicylic Acid as a Strategy to Improve Plant Stress Tolerance

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1486
Author(s):  
Alfonso Albacete
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Action Model

Both melatonin and salicylic acid (SA) have been demonstrated to play multiple functions in plant physiological processes and biotic and abiotic stress responses. So far, these regulatory molecules have been separately studied despite sharing a common biosynthetic precursor and their similar physiological actions and stress regulation signals. The review published in Agronomy by Hernández-Ruiz and Arnao entitled “Relationship of melatonin and salicylic acid in biotic/abiotic stress responses” highlights the coincidences and similarities of both regulatory molecules via a thorough literature search and proposes an action model for their interaction in plant stress responses. Despite the undeniable interest and potential impact of this view, it has been focused only on coincident regulatory aspects of SA and melatonin, and the antioxidant-mediated model of interaction that has been proposed is rather speculative and needs to be mechanistically demonstrated. Nevertheless, the mentioned review leads to future research on the melatonin-SA crosstalk to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, which is of utmost importance to ensure food production in the actual age of pandemics and for the upcoming climate crisis scenario.

scholarly journals Versatile Physiological Functions of Plant GSK3-Like Kinases

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Juan Mao ◽  
Wenxin Li ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Jianming Li
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Diverse Plant

The plant glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-like kinases are highly conserved protein serine/threonine kinases that are grouped into four subfamilies. Similar to their mammalian homologs, these kinases are constitutively active under normal growth conditions but become inactivated in response to diverse developmental and environmental signals. Since their initial discoveries in the early 1990s, many biochemical and genetic studies were performed to investigate their physiological functions in various plant species. These studies have demonstrated that the plant GSK3-like kinases are multifunctional kinases involved not only in a wide variety of plant growth and developmental processes but also in diverse plant stress responses. Here we summarize our current understanding of the versatile physiological functions of the plant GSK3-like kinases along with their confirmed and potential substrates.

scholarly journals OsNAC45 is Involved in ABA Response and Salt Tolerance in Rice

Rice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Yan Long ◽  
Jingjing Huang ◽  
Jixing Xia
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Nac Transcription Factors ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Plant Stress Responses

Abstract Background Salt stress threatens crop yields all over the world. Many NAC transcription factors have been reported to be involved in different abiotic stress responses, but it remains unclear how loss of these transcription factors alters the transcriptomes of plants. Previous reports have demonstrated that overexpression of OsNAC45 enhances salt and drought tolerance in rice, and that OsNAC45 may regulate the expression of two specific genes, OsPM1 and OsLEA3–1. Results Here, we found that ABA repressed, and NaCl promoted, the expression of OsNAC45 in roots. Immunostaining showed that OsNAC45 was localized in all root cells and was mainly expressed in the stele. Loss of OsNAC45 decreased the sensitivity of rice plants to ABA and over-expressing this gene had the opposite effect, which demonstrated that OsNAC45 played an important role during ABA signal responses. Knockout of OsNAC45 also resulted in more ROS accumulation in roots and increased sensitivity of rice to salt stress. Transcriptome sequencing assay found that thousands of genes were differently expressed in OsNAC45-knockout plants. Most of the down-regulated genes participated in plant stress responses. Quantitative real time RT-PCR suggested that seven genes may be regulated by OsNAC45 including OsCYP89G1, OsDREB1F, OsEREBP2, OsERF104, OsPM1, OsSAMDC2, and OsSIK1. Conclusions These results indicate that OsNAC45 plays vital roles in ABA signal responses and salt tolerance in rice. Further characterization of this gene may help us understand ABA signal pathway and breed rice plants that are more tolerant to salt stress.

Electrochemical Monitoring of Plant Stress Responses

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kinpara ◽  
Yuji Murakami ◽  
Kenji Yokoyama ◽  
Eiichi Tamiya
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Electrochemical Monitoring
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