scholarly journals The effect of genre on reporting speech: conversations and newspaper articles

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fleur Van der Houwen
Keyword(s):  
Reported Speech ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Complexity Hypothesis ◽  
Statistical Results ◽  
Qualitative Analyses ◽  
Newspaper Articles

<p>This study focuses on reported speech in two different genres: spoken conversation and newspaper articles. There are two basic structures that allow language users to report formerly uttered words: direct and indirect speech. Both structures serve to integrate former discourse into the ongoing discourse. In different genres, however, language users draw upon different language tools to meet their communicative aims. This study examines how this might affect the distribution of direct and indirect reports across conversations and newspaper articles. Two of various hypotheses that have been suggested for the different uses of direct and indirect reported speech are examined using qualitative and quantitative analyses: 1) that direct speech would be a &lsquo;less complex' strategy than indirect speech, in the sense that the reporter does not need to make deictic adaptations if we take the &lsquo;original' words as our starting point, and 2) that direct speech is a more involving strategy than indirect speech. While the statistical results confirm both hypotheses, the confirmation of the complexity hypothesis differs for the two genres studied and needs some refinement as will be show with further qualitative analyses.</p>

The Discourse of Globalization: Framing and Sensemaking of an Emerging Concept

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peer C. Fiss ◽  
Paul M. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Meaning Creation ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Newspaper Articles

While the literature on framing has importantly expanded our understanding of frame creation and contests from an interpretive point of view, previous studies have largely neglected the structural contexts in which framing activities occur. In this study, we propose extending the framing approach by incorporating insights from the literature on sensemaking to examine how and when opportunities for meaning creation open up and how this affects subsequent discursive processes. Connecting framing and sensemaking better enables us to examine how structural factors prompt and bound discursive processes, affecting when and where frame contests emerge. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by examining changes in the discourse of globalization. Using qualitative and quantitative analyses of newspaper articles and corporate press releases, we trace the emergence of globalization discourse, its diffusion, and the increasing contention that surrounds it. Our findings show how and where globalization discourse emerged in response to greater U.S. involvement with the international economy, and how later frame contests over the meaning of globalization have depended on the interests of the actors involved.

Direct and indirect speech in Spanish language news reports

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-76
Author(s):  
Kareen Gervasi
Keyword(s):  
Social Power ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Speech Structures

This work uses data from two Spanish language newspapers: Granma from Cuba and El Nuevo Herald from Miami to analyze pragmatic and social factors that underlie the use of reported speech in news texts. This study examines pragmatic and social constraints on journalists’ choice of reporting speech structures. Journalists use direct speech to provide a literal quotation of another’s voice, whereas indirect speech is presents the journalists’ own rendition of the quoted words. The qualitative and quantitative analyses reveal that Granma and El Nuevo Herald exhibit different patterns of use of direct and indirect speech, which are motivated by the two newspapers’ ideological perspectives and the level of political and social power of the news actors.

scholarly journals Does reported speech influence listeners’ choice of perspective in the interpretation of spatial prepositions?

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Ariska I. Bonnema ◽  
Vera Hukker ◽  
Petra Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Verification Task ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Spatial Prepositions ◽  
Linguistic Cues ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Mere Presence

Abstract Linguistic cues can encourage adults to adopt an other-centric rather than an egocentric perspective. This study investigated whether the presence of direct speech compared to indirect speech influences listeners’ choice of perspective when interpreting the Dutch spatial prepositions voor ‘in front of’ and achter ‘behind’. Dutch adults and 10 to 12-year-old children were tested in a sentence-picture verification task. Contrary to expectations, we found no difference between direct and indirect speech (Study 1), nor did we find a difference between reported and non-reported speech (Study 2). Most adult listeners adopted the contrasting perspective of the speaker, irrespective of how the information about the reported speech was expressed. We did find a difference between adults and children: children adopted the other person’s perspective less often than adults did. Overall, the results suggest that the mere presence of a reported speaker already is a cue for taking this speaker’s perspective.

scholarly journals Mowa niezależna wprowadzana przez iże w staropolskich apokryfach. Perspektywa źródłowa

2021 ◽  
Vol LXXVII (77) ◽  
pp. 227-243
Author(s):  
DOROTA ROJSZCZAK-ROBIŃSKA
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Polish Language

W polszczyźnie średniowiecznej widoczny jest pewien etap pośredni w procesie kształtowania się mowy zależnej. W tekstach pojawiają się konstrukcje mieszane, w których spójnik że (iż/iże) wyrażający relację podrzędną, typowy dla wprowadzania mowy zależnej, wprowadza mowę niezależną. W artykule analizuję relację tych konstrukcji do źródeł łacińskich na przykładzie staropolskich apokryfów. Pojawiają się często tam, gdzie w danym miejscu w tekście źródłowych obecne były konstrukcje obce językowi polskiemu, jak ACI, a także gdy przytoczenie w źródle było wprowadzone przez quia, które mogło wprowadzać mowę zależną i niezależną lub być częścią samego przytoczenia jako partykuła. Konstrukcje mieszane pojawiają się też tam, gdzie granica kompilacji przebiegała właśnie w miejscu wprowadzania przytoczenia. Problemem dla staropolskich autorów było też przenikanie się poziomów fabuły i rzeczywistości pozafabularnej. Direct speech introduced by iże in Old Polish apocrypha. A source perspective Summary: An intermediate stage of the formation of reported speech can be observed in the Old Polish period. Polish medieval texts include mixed constructions in which the conjunction że (iż/iże), expressing a subordinate relation and typically introducing reported speech, introduces direct speech. Using Old Polish ROBIŃSKAapocrypha as the source of data, the paper examines the relation between these constructions and Latin sources. The analysed constructions often appear in places where in the source text there were constructions unknown to the Polish language, such as Accusativus cum infinitivo, or where the quotation in the source text was introduced by a quia that could introduce indirect and indirect speech or be, as a particle, part of the quotation itself. Mixed constructs also appear in places where the compilation boundary coincides with the introduction of a quotation. Another problem for Old Polish authors was the overlapping of the levels of the plot and the nonfiction reality.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Heavy Metals in the Danube at the Profile Situated at the Village of Vinča, Yugoslavia

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marjanović
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slight Improvement ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
River Danube ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Village ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Qualitative analyses of water from the River Danube were conducted to determine changes in the concentrations of heavy metals during the period 1985 to 1987. The samples were collected from a locality situated on the right bank of the river at the village of Vinča. The heavy metals Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, As, Ni, and Hg were found to be constantly present in the river water, whereas Cr3+ and Cr6+ were not detected. It was found that the tendency for levels of these heavy metals to increase had ceased. The number of samples containing major ecotoxic elements (Pb, Cd, and Hg) was reduced, and a slight improvement was also recorded with regard to the other heavy metals, with the exception of Zn.

scholarly journals The advantage of story-telling: children's interpretation of reported speech in narratives

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-557
Author(s):  
FRANZISKA KÖDER ◽  
EMAR MAIER
Keyword(s):  
Information Transmission ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Transmission Setting ◽  
Referent Selection ◽  
Processing Effort ◽  
Dutch Children ◽  
Speech Reports

AbstractChildren struggle with the interpretation of pronouns in direct speech (Ann said, “I get a cookie”), but not in indirect speech (Ann said that she gets a cookie) (Köder & Maier, 2016). Yet children's books consistently favor direct over indirect speech (Baker & Freebody, 1989). To reconcile these seemingly contradictory findings, we hypothesize that the poor performance found by Köder and Maier (2016) is due to the information-transmission setting of that experiment, and that a narrative setting facilitates children's processing of direct speech. We tested 42 Dutch children (4;1–7;2) and 20 adults with a modified version of Köder and Maier's referent selection task, where participants interpret speech reports in an interactive story book. Results confirm our hypothesis: children are much better at interpreting pronouns in direct speech in such a narrative setting than they were in an information-transmission setting. This indicates that the pragmatic context of reports affects their processing effort.

scholarly journals Forms Used to Convey Reported Speech in French Epistolary Novel

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Olga Rogoza
Keyword(s):  
Honore De Balzac ◽  
Special Structure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Pierre Choderlos De Laclos ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Epistolary Novel ◽  
Henry De Montherlant ◽  
Choderlos De Laclos

The article is focused on the study of forms used to convey reported speech in the French epistolary novel of the 18th–20th centuries. The study is based on the novels Les Liaisons dangereuses by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, Mémoires de deux jeunes mariées by Honoré de Balzac, and Les jeunes filles by Henry de Montherlant, which are prominent examples of the epistolary novel of the respective epochs. Proceeding from duality of the epistolary novel, i.e., a combination of the form of a letter andthe genre of the novel, the French epistolary novel is defined by its special structure and composition, which determine perception of the information delivered in the novel. The form that conveys reported speech is aligned with writer’s intention. A descriptive variant of presenting dialogues prevails, while the use of direct speech in decisive moments of narration results from the pursuit of credibility. When the credibility is not more important, the reported speech is used to describe the characters and cover their characterisations. Indirect speech is used in an epistolary novel more often, but free indirect speech is virtually absent, which is explained by the absence of narrative speech that is usually interpreted via free indirect speech.

scholarly journals Students’ Ability at Changing Direct into Indirect Speech and Indirect into Direct Speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
Muhammad Dalimunte ◽  
Maryati Salmiah
Keyword(s):  
Reported Speech ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Learning English

Reported speech is one of difficult topics in learning English grammar, especially in changing the form from direct into indirect or reverse. Descriptive quantitative was used to find out the students’ ability in changing direct into indirect speech and reverse. There were five sentences that were changed by the students for two kinds of test. First, the test consisted of five direct sentences and the second, it consisted five indirect sentences.  As the conclusion of the students’ answers, the students found difficulties in changing those two kinds of sentences.  

scholarly journals Participatory characterization of the performance of corn landraces and commercial varieties with family farmers

Conjecturas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 243-257
Author(s):  
Fillipe Marini ◽  
Jefferson Santos Alves da Costa ◽  
Maria José Ramos da Silva ◽  
Aline Carneiro de Paula ◽  
Ivane de Pontes Moura
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Qualitative Analyses ◽  
Quantitative Assessments

The objective of this study was to compare the performance of landraces and commercial varieties to identify which variety is the most suitable for family farmers. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with three replicates and 10 varieties. Qualitative and quantitative parameters were evaluated in the useful plot. The qualitative analyses were performed in the field with the participation of farmers, who scored the evaluated parameters as 1 - poor, 2 - average, 3 - good, or 4 - excellent. Quantitative analyses were performed without the participation of farmers. The data obtained (qualitative and quantitative) were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05). The Pontinha and Adelaide varieties had the best quality variables in the farmers’ view. In the quantitative analysis, the landrace varieties showed similar results to the commercial varieties, but the highest yields were obtained with Pontinha and Adelaide. The results of the qualitative and quantitative assessments reaffirm the importance of farmers’ knowledge of corn cultivation in the studied municipality.

scholarly journals French reportive comme clauses

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Desmets ◽  
Laurent Roussarie
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Central Notion ◽  
Puzzling Problem ◽  
Different Levels

In this paper, we present a surface-based analysis of a specific type of French parenthetical adjunct clauses introduced by the adverb comme (similar to as in English). The construction we focus on belongs to the domain of reported speech, and we call it reportive-comme clause (RCC). The set of data we consider exhibits a large amount of notable properties that can only be fully explained under the assumption of constructional constraints. Therefore, following Sag (1997) and Abeillé et al. (1998), we base our approach on the central notion of "construction". We claim that RCCs are adverbial extraction contexts. We integrate them in a cross-classified typed hierarchy as a subtype of relative clauses, and a subtype of head-adjunct and head-filler phrases. Semantic specifications of RCCs are expressed with constraints on different levels. We draw a general distinction between head-modifier adjuncts and parenthetical adjuncts in order to account for the fact that parenthetical adjuncts do not contribute the referential content of the head phrase they selected for. We posit two subtypes of RCCs determined by a Direct speech (and quotative) vs. Indirect speech distribution of properties. The two sets of defining constraints allow to characterize the restricted classes of verbs possible in the different RCCs, the syntactic realization (gap or pronominal affix) of their object argument and its anaphoric semantics. This treatment constitutes a more general proposal for direct speech or quoted argument selection, which is known as a puzzling problem of the syntax-semantic interface. It innovates in presenting a formalized account of reported speech phenomena and present a typed-based classification of the semantic relations of reported speech predicates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document