scholarly journals Some aspects on the Pictures of the North

Nordlit ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Lennart Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Travel Literature ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
High Light ◽  
Written Text ◽  
The North ◽  
Travel Books ◽  
The World ◽  
Generalized Knowledge ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Different Parts

The objectives of this article are to draw the attention to, in my view, two necessities in the field of research on illustrated travel literature. I will argue that in order to understand the nature of illustrated travel literature the research has to be multidisciplinary and has to deal with the written text as well as the illustrations. The reader gained their perceptions of the places described from both pictures and texts and in order to retrieve how different parts of the world were, and still is, perceived according to certain criteria stated in travel literature, scholars must work with a variety of visual and textual communication strategies. The secondof my "necessities" is that this material urges scholars to study it with quantitative methods. There are so many different illustrated travel books that it would be a loss if researcher did not try to study them as one unit and thereby gain generalized knowledge on the field. Having stated these two "necessities" I must also state that I do not mean that all research into travel literature must have these approaches but I hope that they will be important factors in the discourses the coming years.In order to show some of the possibilities of the methods mentioned above I will discuss some of the possible aspects of a quantitative study of the pictures of the north as they appear in illustrated travel literature of the nineteenth century. I will present statistics dealing with artistic subjects, differences between the patterns of illustrations in books published in different languages and how the pictorial revolution in the 19th century changed the travel literature. In the second part of the article I will examine one illustrated travel book in order to high-light how text and illustration complemented each other and created significance together.

scholarly journals Piśmiennictwo religijne Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego jako oryginalne źródło do badań polszczyzny północnokresowej

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Joanna Kulwicka-Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The North ◽  
Religious Writings ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
The 19Th Century

The religious writings of the Tatars constitute a valuable source for philological research due to the presence of heretofore unexplored grammatical and lexical layers of the north borderland Polish language of the 16th-20th centuries and due to the interference-related and transfer-related processes in the context of Slavic languages and Slavic-Oriental contacts. Therefore the basis for linguistic analyses is constituted by one of the most valuable monuments of this body of writing – the first translation of the Quran into a Slavic language in the world (probably representing the north borderland Polish language), which assumed the form of a tefsir. The source of linguistic analyses is constituted by the Olita tefsir, which dates back to 1723 (supplemented and corrected in the 19th century). On the basis of the material that was excerpted from this work the author presents both borderland features described in the subject literature and tries to point the new or only sparsely confirmed facts in the history of the Polish language, including the formation of the north borderland Polish language on the Belarusian substrate. Research involves all levels of language – the phonetic-phonological, morphological, syntactic and the lexical-semantic levels.

A Bibliography of British Travel Books on Argentina: 1810-1860

1959 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Samuel Trifilo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Travel Books ◽  
The World ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Source Of Information

Books of travel and books inspired by travel have probably been more popular in Great Britain than any other literary form, with the exception of novels.This was especially true in the nineteenth century, when travel, owing to the lack of today's facilities, was reserved for the relative few. During that period, photography had not yet replaced the written word, as is happening in our own generation. The nineteenth-century Englishman wandered through the medium of a travel book and not through newsreels, travelogues, and even full-length movies. Today, the Englishman, like the American, is able to sit in his living room and see the world on his television screen. He is not dependent on literature to the extent that his grandfather or great-grandfather was. For the Englishman of the nineteenth century, therefore, travel literature was very important. Often, these books furnished the only source of information concerning strange lands and strange peoples.

scholarly journals Reforming Police: Opportunities, Drivers and Challenges

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Stenning ◽  
Clifford D. Shearing
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Quiet Revolution ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Different Parts

A few years ago, David Bayley and Clifford Shearing (1996) argued that at the end of the 20th century we were witnessing a ‘watershed’ in policing, when transformations were occurring in the practices and sponsorship of policing on a scale unprecedented since the developments that heralded the creation of the ‘New Police’ in the 19th century. In this special issue of the journal, we and our fellow contributors turn our attention to a somewhat neglected aspect of this ‘quiet revolution’ in policing (Stenning & Shearing, 1980), namely the nature of the opportunities for, and challenges posed by, the reform of policing in different parts of the world at the beginning of the 21st century. Our attention in this issue is particularly focused on the opportunities, drivers and challenges in reforming public (state-sponsored) police institutions.

scholarly journals The World Before Control: American Immigration

Ad Americam ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bartnik
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Immigration Law ◽  
American Continent ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
To Come ◽  
The 19Th Century

In debates on American immigration law, it is possible to encounter the argument that there were no laws restricting newcomers’ flow into America till the end of the 19th century. An inaccurate understanding of American immigration policy sometimes leads to the opinion that prior to the beginning of the federal immigration power, there was no immigration policy at all in America. This article describes regulations enacted by the colonies and the states, as well as activities taken by them, to control the influx of newcomers. They tried to encourage immigrants to come to America while simultaneously controlling who was coming. The idea of successful control over immigrants coming to the North American continent was rooted in restrictive laws determining who was admissible. Paupers, criminals and those with contagious diseases were undesirable. Colonial and state authorities tried to stop their influx or, at least, to lessen the danger they posed. The main goal of the presented article is to analyze and present arguments proving or neglecting the assumption that there was a lack of an immigration policy during colonial times in America.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Age of Vertisols and Its Interpretation Using Data on Gilgai Complex in the North Caucasus

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2B) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Kovda ◽  
Warren Lynn ◽  
Dewayne Williams ◽  
Olga Chichagova
Keyword(s):  
Parent Material ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Soil Complex ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Different Parts

Radiocarbon dates were analyzed to assess Vertisols age around the world. They show an increase of radiocarbon age from mainly modern–3000 BP in 0–100 cm layer up to 10,000 BP at a depth 100–200 cm. Older dates reflect the age of parent material. The inversion of 14C dates seems to be a frequent phenomenon in Vertisols. A series of new dates of Vertisols from gilgai microhigh, microslope and microlow in the North Caucasus was done in order to understand the nature of this inversion. 14C age in the gilgai soil complex ranges from 70 ± 45 BP in the microlow to 5610 ± 180 BP in the microhigh. A trend of similar depths being younger in the microslope and microlow was found. We explain this by intensive humus rejuvenation in the microlows due to water downward flow. The older date in the microhigh represents the old humus horizon sheared laterally close to the surface and preserved by impermeable water regime. We explain inversions of 14C age-depth curves by the sampling procedures. In a narrow pit, genetically different parts of former gilgai could easily be as a genetically uniform soil profile. Because of this strong microvariability, Vertisols require sampling in a trench accounting for gilgai elements, even when gilgai are not obvious.

scholarly journals Photographic Portrait in the 19th Century – Uses and Functions in the Construction of Celebrities. The Case of Émile Zola

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-173
Author(s):  
Célia Vieira ◽  
Inês Santos
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Emile Zola ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Symbolic Construction ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Different Parts

The main goal of this study is to establish a relationship between the use of the portrait and the concept of celebrity, at the end of the 19th century, taking as a corpus of analysis a set of requests for photographs sent by letter to Zola, from correspondents located in different parts of the world. It is intended, through a qualitative analysis of this collection, to identify the functionalities and contexts within this set of correspondents requested these images, in order to understand the role that photography has taken in the symbolic construction process of this figure as a celebrity.

scholarly journals Dunia Islam Abad 19: Penetrasi Kolonial Barat

Al-Risalah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Maulana Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The North ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
New Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century

The  world  of  Islam  in  Umayyah  and  Abbasiyyah  Dynasties was in the hand of a single leader, however since the  10th century raised a new development by the presence of new  leaders who was appointed by Khalifah as the vice leader in some  Islamic worlds who were finally became the independent leader.  Also, there were some leaders who against the Abbasiyah Khalifah  and declared themselves as the conquers of Islamic worlds, such as  Umayyah  Dynasty  in  Spain,  Fatimiah  Dynasty  in  the  North  Africa,  and  the  establishments  of  three  well‐known  kingdoms:  Turki Usmani, Safawi, and Mughal in India with its own glory  and victory.  Unfortunately, the victory of Islam began to lose its glow in the  19th century when the Islamic world was politically collapse and  became worse as accordance with the raise of west from the Dark  Ages into light which supports freedom and science that contrast  with the Islamic world in colonialism

Some comparative psychiatric studies in the 19th century

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-440
Author(s):  
Birk Engmann ◽  
Holger Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Psychiatric Diseases ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Russian Medical ◽  
Different Parts

This article analyses 19th-century publications which dealt with the social and cultural aspects of psychiatric disorders in different parts of the world. Systematic reviews were conducted of three German medical journals, one Russian medical journal, and a relevant monograph. All these archives were published in the 19th century. Our work highlights the fact that long before Kraepelin, several, mostly forgotten, publications had already discussed cultural aspects, social conditions, the influence of religion, the influence of climate, and also “race” as a trigger or amplifier of psychiatric diseases. These publications also reflect racist notions of the colonial period.

Algal stacks and fungal stacks as adaptations to high light in lichens

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan VONDRÁK ◽  
Jiří KUBÁSEK
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
High Light ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Compensation Irradiance ◽  
The World ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Present Experimental Evidence ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractSome lichens that occur in mountains and arid regions have developed an unusual anatomy resembling window-leaved plants. In these lichens, algal cells occur in thick vertical stacks (algal stacks) separated by vertical channels of light-transferring fungal hyphae (fungal stacks). We present experimental evidence that this anatomy permits higher rates of area-based CO2 assimilation in strong light, but that it also leads to higher respiration resulting in higher compensation irradiance. The net effect of this anatomy must be beneficial in regions of high insolation, as it has arisen many times in different parts of the world, and in unrelated lichens, and these lichens often dominate the communities in which they occur.

scholarly journals Influence of environmental conditions on the virulence and distribution of Orobanche cumana Wallr. in the Republic of Moldova

OCL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Duca ◽  
Steliana Clapco ◽  
Maria Nedealcov ◽  
Lidia Dencicov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Orobanche Cumana ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Different Parts

The parasitic angiosperm Orobanche cumana is present in the main sunflower-producing countries around the world. In recent years, more aggressive races of broomrape have evolved and the parasite has rapidly spread to new areas. A similar trend has been observed in the Republic of Moldova. At the beginning of 1950s, broomrape was detected in Moldova, especially in the southern areas. Currently, all the known races of Orobanche are present in the country and the parasite has expanded considerably on new areas in the center and north. Based on these results and the data reported by other authors, related to influence of climate change on the phytosanitary situation, we studied the interdependence between the climate and the distribution of Orobanche cumana Wallr. over different parts of the Republic of Moldova. Prevalence of broomrape infection mainly in the southern and central part of the Republic of Moldova and its sporadic presence in the northern part can be influenced, not only by short rotations, type of sunflower hybrids grown and soil parameters, but also by the weather conditions such as higher temperatures and lower humidity in the south and center. Based on multiannual data and trends observed in recent years, characterized by an increase in temperature and decrease of relative humidity, we conclude that climate change will create favorable conditions for infecting sunflower plants in all the areas where sunflowers are grown, including the expansion of broomrape to the north of Moldova.

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