Some comparative psychiatric studies in the 19th century

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-440
Author(s):  
Birk Engmann ◽  
Holger Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Psychiatric Diseases ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Russian Medical ◽  
Different Parts

This article analyses 19th-century publications which dealt with the social and cultural aspects of psychiatric disorders in different parts of the world. Systematic reviews were conducted of three German medical journals, one Russian medical journal, and a relevant monograph. All these archives were published in the 19th century. Our work highlights the fact that long before Kraepelin, several, mostly forgotten, publications had already discussed cultural aspects, social conditions, the influence of religion, the influence of climate, and also “race” as a trigger or amplifier of psychiatric diseases. These publications also reflect racist notions of the colonial period.

scholarly journals Reforming Police: Opportunities, Drivers and Challenges

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Stenning ◽  
Clifford D. Shearing
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Quiet Revolution ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Different Parts

A few years ago, David Bayley and Clifford Shearing (1996) argued that at the end of the 20th century we were witnessing a ‘watershed’ in policing, when transformations were occurring in the practices and sponsorship of policing on a scale unprecedented since the developments that heralded the creation of the ‘New Police’ in the 19th century. In this special issue of the journal, we and our fellow contributors turn our attention to a somewhat neglected aspect of this ‘quiet revolution’ in policing (Stenning & Shearing, 1980), namely the nature of the opportunities for, and challenges posed by, the reform of policing in different parts of the world at the beginning of the 21st century. Our attention in this issue is particularly focused on the opportunities, drivers and challenges in reforming public (state-sponsored) police institutions.

scholarly journals Photographic Portrait in the 19th Century – Uses and Functions in the Construction of Celebrities. The Case of Émile Zola

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-173
Author(s):  
Célia Vieira ◽  
Inês Santos
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Emile Zola ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Symbolic Construction ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Different Parts

The main goal of this study is to establish a relationship between the use of the portrait and the concept of celebrity, at the end of the 19th century, taking as a corpus of analysis a set of requests for photographs sent by letter to Zola, from correspondents located in different parts of the world. It is intended, through a qualitative analysis of this collection, to identify the functionalities and contexts within this set of correspondents requested these images, in order to understand the role that photography has taken in the symbolic construction process of this figure as a celebrity.

Cholera Epidemics in Valencia in the 19th Century

2022 ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Rafael Roca
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Crown Of Aragon ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The 19Th Century

The world crisis created by COVID-19 invites us to find some precedents to it by examining past periods and situations in which our society has suffered similar circumstances. In this regard, one of the periods that show more similarities from a social and sanitary perspective is the Valencia of the 19th century, where between 1834 and 1890 there were a total of nine cholera epidemics that resulted in dozens of deaths and determined the future development of one of the main regions of the old Crown of Aragon. The author analyzes the social and cultural impact of cholera in Valencia during the 19th century and especially in the intellectual and literary world.

scholarly journals Moda e literatura no Brasil: considerações sobre o léxico do século XIX / Fashion and Literature in Brazil: Considerations on the 19th Century Lexicon

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Vivian Orsi ◽  
Marciele Cristina Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Machado De Assis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Jose De Alencar ◽  
The 19Th Century

Resumo: A moda, com sua própria linguagem, transmite a identidade de um indivíduo e/ou grupo em determinada sociedade e época, portanto, pode ser entendida como forma de comunicação entre o sujeito e o mundo que o cerca. Nesta pesquisa, propõe-se o estudo do léxico da moda do século XIX no Brasil baseado nas teorias da Lexicologia e na Moda; fazendo uma análise sobre os itens lexicais que se refiram às vestimentas encontradas em Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas, de Machado de Assis (1994) e Lucíola, de José de Alencar (1988). Os resultados das reflexões permitem a compreensão da dinâmica social da sociedade da época e do estabelecimento da língua portuguesa brasileira independente da variedade continental.Palavras-chave: léxico; moda; literatura; século XIX.Abstract: Fashion, with its own language, establishes a group identity within the society and the period in which it is set. Moreover, it is a way of communication between an individual and the world around them. This research aims at the study of the lexicon of nineteenth-century fashion in Brazil, based on the theories of Lexicology and Fashion, on a collection of lexical items referring to clothes found in Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas (The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas), Machado de Assis (1994), and Lucíola, José de Alencar (1988). The results of the reflection leave room for understanding of the social dynamics of the society of the time and of the establishment of the Brazilian Portuguese language independent from the continental variety.Keywords: lexicon; fashion; literature; 19th century.

scholarly journals La propaganda comercial como transmisora de elementos identitarios: Algunos ejemplos de la ephemera murciana a principios del siglo XX

Imafronte ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
José Miguel López Castillo
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Siglo Xx

Uno de los apartados menos tratados de las representaciones visuales de Murcia ha sido el de la ephemera comercial. Por tal motivo, dado su uso limitado y efímero, en muchas ocasiones no se le ha considerado como un apartado estimable en la historia del arte. Pero lo cierto es que las etiquetas de fábricas de conservas, frutas, licores y otros establecimientos, desde los últimos años del siglo XIX y la primera mitad del XX, en base al diseño difundieron los elementos identitarios más significativos de este territorio por toda España y el resto del mundo. En la mayoría de casos, la marca publicitaria estaba basada en estampas e imágenes del Costumbrismo romántico murciano que ya se habían consolidado durante el ochocientos para la demanda social de esa corriente; en otros casos se fueron adaptando a los nuevos criterios estéticos del siglo XX. Finalmente, esta forma de publicitar cada producto ayudó a patentar la denominación de origen de diversas empresas de varios sectores, principalmente agroalimentarias, y al mismo tiempo a su asimilación con esta región levantina gracias a sus hitos arquitectónicos, la huerta o sus tipos populares. Esta última premisa es la que abordaremos dentro de este estudio al contrastarlas con otras representaciones anteriores. One of the less treated sections of the visual representations of Murcia has been the comercial ephemera. For this reason, given its limited and fleeting use, it has often not been considerated as a valvable section in the history of art. But the truth is that the labels of canning factories, fruits, liquors and other establishments, from the last years of the 19th century based on the design spread the most significant identity elements of this territory throughout Spain and the rest the world. In the majority of cases, the advertising brand was based on prints and images of Murcian romantic costums that had already been consolidated during the 19th century for the social demand of this currens, in other cases they were adapted to the new aesthetic criteria of the 20th century. Finally, this way of advertising each product helped to panted the denomination of origin of various companies, mainly agry-food, and at the same time to assimilate it with this southeast region thanks to its architectural landmarks, the orchard or its popular types. This last premise is the one we will address within this study when contrasting them other previous representations.

scholarly journals Ukraina, Rosja i problem peryferyjności

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kizwalter
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Successive Stage ◽  
The West ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Revolution

In this essay, the author addresses the question of Ukraine’s and Russia’s relations with the West in the modern and contemporary era. He believes that the revolution in Ukraine in 2013/2014 signifies a successive stage in Ukraine’s emancipation and modernization, which began with the emergence of a separate nation on its territory in the 19th century. The author is in favor of the further use of such conceptual categories as the ‘centre’, the ‘periphery’, and ‘modernization’. He thinks they still permit the description of the real developmental distance between different parts of the world and the analysis of strategies aimed at diminishing that distance. In his opinion, Ukraine’s present chance for modernization is unambiguously connected with its choice of the ‘western’ road of development. He interprets the Russian attempt to counteract this choice by force as an expression of the disappointment experienced by the elite of the former empire. In essence, it is a sign that Russia is remaining in a peripheral situation in regard to the West, which is ‘escaping’ it.

scholarly journals Mekka in the Latter Part of the 19th Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-146
Author(s):  
Isa Blumi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Modern Reader ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Process ◽  
The 19Th Century

The annual spectacle of millions of pilgrims flooding Makkah has capturedthe imagination of generations of readers. This interest in the hajj, however,has not necessarily produced quality scholarship. From crude ethnographicsummaries to careful narratives of spiritual attainment, the literature has beeninconsistent at best. Brill’s republishing of Dutch scholar Christiaan SnouckHurgronje’s (1857-1936) forgotten work offers the modern reader not only aninvaluable window into the hajj as practiced before the age of mass communication,but provides a hitherto neglected discussion on the social, cultural,political, and economic impact that the experience had upon Muslims.Often lost in the generalizations one finds in descriptions of the annualpilgrimage, the world in which the reader is thrust while reading this bookoffers a Makkah that is far more culturally dynamic than expected. Hurgronje’sworld is one filled with cultural and doctrinal variances that aremanifestedin the different ways in which Muslims worshiped, clothed themselves,and ultimately socialized while in Makkah. In this sense, his carefulstudy of life over the months leading to the hajj exposes the reader to a fluidcultural and economic process that constantly transforms, leaving the readerwith the impression that life was not, as the clichés so often try to instill,“timeless.” Hurgronje, to his credit, is not interested in retelling theOrientalist trope; rather, he strives to provide a serious ethnographic and historicalstudy.As Hurgronje himself writes, this is a study to help non-Muslims, especiallyfellow Dutchmen, understand their Muslim subjects living in the FarEast. For this reason, the book’s final part focuses exclusively on the Makkanexperience of Dutch subjects. In this regard, it is a careful analysis of howMuslims from Java, Borneo, and Sumatra interacted with fellow Muslims;socialized in this cosmopolitan milieu; and adopted numerous personal andcollective activities during their stay. That being said, it is especially impressivethat this study is not meant to be only a tool for colonial governance ...

Theoretical and methodological determinants of the Robert von Mol’s concept of the social state

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pirozhok
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Social State ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century

The relevance of determining the theoretical and methodological determinants of the Robert von Moll’s concept of the social state is due to the need to determine the patterns of evolution of ideas about the state and law, as well as the need to assess the ability to use the potential of the Robert von Moll’s theoretical and legal heritage, his predecessors and contemporaries to identify the optimal model of the social state. Modern Russia attempts to build such state. The proclamation and consolidation of Russia as a social state governed by the rule of law at the constitutional level requires attention both to the experiments carried out in social and legal development, and to the practices of social reform, and also to those ideas that have not yet been embodied. The ideas of European scholars regarding the evolution of the state-legal organization of society in the early modern period, based on which Robert von Mohl (1799–1875) developed original concepts of a social state and a state governed by the rule of law are discussed in the article. An analysis of the state of European political and legal thought and identification of the factors that have a significant impact on the development of Robert von Mohl’s doctrine of a social state governed by the rule of law are the purposes of the scientific article. The methodological basis of the study was the dialectical-materialistic, general scientific (historical, systemic) and special (historical-legal, comparativelegal) methods of legal research. The method of reconstruction and interpretation of legal ideas had great importance. As a result of the study, it was concluded that in the first half of the 19th century in European political and legal thought various approaches was formed to consider the problems of social protection and how to resolve them. The development trend of European political science became the transition from ideas and principles formed in the conditions of police states and enlightened absolutism to the ideas of a state governed by the rule of law (constitutional) that protects the rights and freedoms of a citizen. At the same time, it was a question of the rights and freedoms of only a part of the population: the proletariat growing in number and significance was not always evaluated as an independent social stratum. The axiological principles of state justification have also changed. Rights and utility principle became dominant principles. In the first half of the 19th century the social issue as an independent scientific problem of the European political and legal thought was not posed and not systematically developed. Questions about the social essence of the state, the specifics of the implementation of the state social function, the features of public administration in the new stage of socio-economic development of society predetermined the emergence of the idea of a social state. This idea was comprehensively characterized in the Robert von Mohl’s works. He went down in the history of political and legal thought as founder of the concepts of social and governed by the rule of law state.

Brokers in the tea trade between China and West Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 092137402110218
Author(s):  
Ute Röschenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
West Africa ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The 19Th Century

Brokers have played important roles in the trade of green tea between China and Mali, from the 19th century when tea first came to Mali up to the present. They mediate between tea buyers and sellers, work on their own account, use soft skills, knowledge and networks and make a living from the commission they gain. This article examines the work of brokers in the tea trade, the social constellations in which they are active and the scope of their activity. Based on extensive field research in Mali and China, this article shows how brokers create their own jobs in a dynamic business landscape, which is often delimited by governmental policies, competing entrepreneurial activities and social movements.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document