Tensile Strength and Water Absorption Behavior of Recycled Jute-Epoxy Composites

In the present work, the water absorption behaviour of Indian ramie/epoxy composites and its effect on mechanical and tribological behaviour have been investigated. The composites fabricated using the hand layup technique were immersed in distilled water at room temperature for water absorption test for a period of 120 days. Mechanical and tribological properties were evaluated for composites with 30 wt.% ramie fibre loading. The results obtained were compared with that of the dry specimen. Mechanical properties including tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and hardness were evaluated. A reduction of 16.85%, 13.63%, 21.02% and 3.33% in tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and hardness was observed after the water immersion, respectively. Friction and wear behaviour was also investigated for water immersed specimen. Frictional coefficient decreased for the developed composites and wear performance reduced after the water absorption test. Fractured surfaces post to mechanical testing and worn out surfaces of tribological test samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The weakening of fibre–matrix interface was observed in the scanning electron microscopy micrographs, which appears to be the main cause for the degradation of properties.

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Absorption and Strength Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Mortar Composite

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11070300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 300

Author(s):

Md. Safiuddin ◽

George Abdel-Sayed ◽

Nataliya Hearn

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Test Results ◽

Air Content ◽

Entrapped Air ◽

Short Carbon

This paper presents the water absorption and strength properties of short carbon fiber reinforced mortar (CFRM) composite. Four CFRM composites with 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% short pitch-based carbon fibers were produced in this study. Normal Portland cement mortar (NCPM) was also prepared for use as the control mortar. The freshly mixed mortar composites were tested for workability, wet density, and entrapped air content. In addition, the hardened mortar composites were examined for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and water absorption at the ages of 7 and 28 days. The effects of different carbon fiber contents on the tested properties were observed. Test results showed that the incorporation of carbon fibers decreased the workability and wet density, but increased the entrapped air content in mortar composite. Most interestingly, the compressive strength of CFRM composite increased up to 3% carbon fiber content and then it declined significantly for 4% fiber content, depending on the workability and compaction of the mortar. In contrast, the splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of the CFRM composite increased for all fiber contents due to the greater cracking resistance and improved bond strength of the carbon fibers in the mortar. The presence of short pitch-based carbon fibers significantly strengthened the mortar by bridging the microcracks, resisting the propagation of these minute cracks, and impeding the growth of macrocracks. Furthermore, the water absorption of CFRM composite decreased up to 3% carbon fiber content and then it increased substantially for 4% fiber content, depending on the entrapped air content of the mortar. The overall test results suggest that the mortar with 3% carbon fibers is the optimum CFRM composite based on the tested properties.

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Properties of Low-Cost WPCs Made from Alien Invasive Trees and rLDPE for Interior Use in Social Housing

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13152436 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 2436

Author(s):

Abubakar Sadiq Mohammed ◽

Martina Meincken

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Social Housing ◽

Low Cost ◽

Production Costs ◽

Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Low Grade ◽

Low Density ◽

Invasive Trees ◽

Recycled Low Density Polyethylene

Low-cost wood–plastic composites (WPCs) were developed from invasive trees and recycled low-density polyethylene. The aim was to produce affordable building materials for low-cost social housing in South Africa. Both raw materials are regarded as waste materials, and the subsequent product development adds value to the resources, while simultaneously reducing the waste stream. The production costs were minimised by utilising the entire biomass of Acacia saligna salvaged from clearing operations without any prior processing, and low-grade recycled low-density polyethylene to make WPCs without any additives. Different biomass/plastic ratios, particle sizes, and press settings were evaluated to determine the optimum processing parameters to obtain WPCs with adequate properties. The water absorption, dimensional stability, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and tensile moduli were improved at longer press times and higher temperatures for all blending ratios. This has been attributed to the crystallisation of the lignocellulose and thermally induced cross-linking in the polyethylene. An increased biomass ratio and particle size were positively correlated with water absorption and thickness swelling and inversely related with MOR, tensile strength, and density due to an incomplete encapsulation of the biomass by the plastic matrix. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilising low-grade recycled polyethylene and the whole-tree biomass of A. saligna, without the need for pre-processing and the addition of expensive modifiers, to produce WPCs with properties that satisfy the minimum requirements for interior cladding or ceiling material.

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Effects of water absorption on the mechanical properties of hybrid natural fibre/phenol formaldehyde composites

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92457-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sekar Sanjeevi ◽

Vigneshwaran Shanmugam ◽

Suresh Kumar ◽

Velmurugan Ganesan ◽

Gabriel Sas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Natural Fibre ◽

The Other ◽

Fibre Reinforcement ◽

Dry Conditions

AbstractThis investigation is carried out to understand the effects of water absorption on the mechanical properties of hybrid phenol formaldehyde (PF) composite fabricated with Areca Fine Fibres (AFFs) and Calotropis Gigantea Fibre (CGF). Hybrid CGF/AFF/PF composites were manufactured using the hand layup technique at varying weight percentages of fibre reinforcement (25, 35 and 45%). Hybrid composite having 35 wt.% showed better mechanical properties (tensile strength ca. 59 MPa, flexural strength ca. 73 MPa and impact strength 1.43 kJ/m2) under wet and dry conditions as compared to the other hybrid composites. In general, the inclusion of the fibres enhanced the mechanical properties of neat PF. Increase in the fibre content increased the water absorption, however, after 120 h of immersion, all the composites attained an equilibrium state.

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Graphite/Bio-Based Epoxy Composites: The Mechanical Properties Interface

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.115 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 799-800 ◽

pp. 115-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anika Zafiah M. Rus ◽

Nur Munirah Abdullah ◽

M.F.L. Abdullah ◽

M. Izzul Faiz Idris

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Elastic Modulus ◽

Filler Content ◽

Weight Percent ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Graphite Content ◽

Dispersion Condition ◽

Strong Interfacial Bonding

Graphite reinforced bio-based epoxy composites with different particulate fractions of graphite were investigated for mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation at break. The graphite content was varied from 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 25 wt.%, 30 wt.% by weight percent in the composites. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites mainly depend on dispersion condition of the treated graphite filler, aggregate structure and strong interfacial bonding between treated graphite in the bio-based epoxy matrix. The composites showed improved tensile strength and elastic modulus with increase treated graphite weight loading. This also revealed the composites with increasing filler content was decreasing the elongation at break.

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Preliminary Study of Oil Palm Decanter Cake Natural Polymer Composite (OPDC-NPC)

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.40 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 911 ◽

pp. 40-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Aqif Adam ◽

Alawi Sulaiman ◽

Che Mohd Som Said ◽

Ayub M. Som ◽

Azhari Samsu Bahruddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Polymer Composite ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Absorption Rate ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Natural Polymer ◽

Water Absorption Rate ◽

Decanter Cake

Palm oil industry produces huge amount of oil palm decanter cake (OPDC). Currently it is not yet commercialized however due to its characteristics, it can be used to produce oil palm decanter cake natural polymer composite (OPDC-NPC). NPC is a type of material made by combining natural fiber with polymer. Therefore the objective of this paper is to produce NPC from OPDC and then determine its mechanical and physical properties such as elasticity, stiffness, tensile strength and water absorption rate. The OPDC samples were collected from Felda Trolak Palm Oil Mill. Prior to NPC development, the oil was removed from OPDC using hexane soxhlet extraction method. OPDC-NPC was fabricated using molding method where the mixture of 95% polypropylene (PP) and 5% OPDC were mixed using twin-screw extruder. The results showed that OPDC-NPC has an elasticity of 2231 MPa, stiffness of 30 MPa, tensile strength of 32 MPa and water absorption rate of 0.16 % which was slightly better with the other types of fibers.

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Studies on the Development of Benzoyl Peroxide Catalysed Rapid Oil Tanning using Linseed Oil

Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ◽

10.34314/jalca.v116i7.4335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 116 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Bindia Sahu ◽

Jaya Prakash Alla ◽

Gladstone Christopher Jayakumar

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Benzoyl Peroxide ◽

Special Class ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Tanning Process ◽

Remarkable Reduction ◽

Better Than

Leather tanning is a stabilisation process of skin fibers. This is achieved by the interaction of collagen amino acids with tanning agents to stabilise skin from putrefaction. Tanning of collagen with oil is a special class of tanning known as chamois tanning. Chemically, the oil tanning involves oxidation of unsaturation present in the oil, which is generally achieved by exposing oil treated skins to air. In this study, Benzoyl peroxide has been used as an accelerating agent for oxidation of unsaturated bonds present in the linseed oil for oil tanning process. Results shows remarkable reduction in tanning duration from fifteen days to two days. The chamois leathers prepared using oxidation accelerant (Benzoyl peroxide) have been evaluated for physical properties such as water absorption (611%), tensile strength (18 N/mm2) and percentage of elongation (66 %) which are found to be better than control leathers.

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Chitosan succinate/PVA-PEG Membrane: Preparation, Characterization and Permeation Ability Test on Creatinine

Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi ◽

10.14710/jksa.21.2.80-84 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 80-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Retno Ariadi Lusiana ◽

Vivi Dia Ahmad Sangkota ◽

Sri Juari Santosa

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Inversion Method ◽

Ability Test ◽

Chitosan Membrane ◽

Water Absorption Test ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

Membrane Strain ◽

Phase Inversion Method

Evaluation character of chitosan membrane-succinate / poly vinyl alcohol-poly ethylene glycol (PVA-PEG) were prepared in acetic acid solvent through a phase inversion method has been performed. The study began with the preparation of crosslinked chitosan compounds with succinic acid, followed by preparation into membrane by combining PVA-PEG. Character analysis of the resulting material using FTIR, EDX, TGA, water absorption test, tensile strength, membrane hydrophilicity. The ability of membrane permeation was tested against creatinine. The results showed that the succinate had reacted with chitosan. Chitosan modification through cross link and polymer alloys increases tensile strength and membrane strain of 1.7-2.5 x of pure chitosan membrane. In addition, the modified membrane also has higher water absorption and hydrophilicity values than the unmodified membrane, and this implies the ability of membrane-induced creatinine permeation. Permeable permeation values were 13.8% in chitosan, 24.84% on chitosan-succinate and 25% in chitosan-succinate / PVA-PEG. Chitosan-succinate membranes have the ability to use more than 4x repeated use.

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Tensile and water absorption properties of solvent cast biofilms of sugarcane leaves fibre-filled poly(lactic) acid

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0892705718805526 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 289-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kuhananthan Nanthakumar ◽

Chan Ming Yeng ◽

Koay Seong Chun

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Infrared Analysis ◽

Absorption Properties ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Bleaching Treatment

This research covers the preparation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/sugarcane leaves fibre (SLF) biofilms via a solvent-casting method. The results showed that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLA/SLF biofilms increased with the increasing of SLF content. Nevertheless, the elongation at break showed an opposite trend as compared to tensile strength and Young’s modulus of biofilms. Moreover, water absorption properties of PLA/SLF biofilms increased with the increasing of SLF content. In contrast, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of biofilms were enhanced after bleaching treatment with hydrogen peroxide on SLF, but the elongation at break and water absorption properties of bleached biofilms were reduced due to the improvement of filler–matrix adhesion in biofilms. The tensile and water properties were further discussed using B-factor and Fick’s law, respectively. Furthermore, the functional groups of unbleached and bleached SLF were characterized by Fourier transform infrared analysis.

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