scholarly journals The Effect of Elevation on Volumetric Measurements of the Lower Extremity

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Cordial M. Gillette ◽  
Scott T. Doberstein ◽  
Danielle L. DeSerano ◽  
Eric J. Linnell
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Limb Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dependent Position ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Volumetric Measurements

Background: The empirical evidence for the use of RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) has been questioned regarding its   clinical effectiveness. The component of RICE that has the least literature regarding its effectiveness is elevation. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if various positions of elevation result in volumetric changes of the lower extremity. Methodology: A randomized crossover design was used to determine the effects of the four following conditions on volumetric changes of the lower extremity: seated at the end of a table (seated), lying supine (flat), lying supine with the foot elevated 12 inches off the table (elevated), and lying prone with the knees bent to 90 degrees (prone). The conditions were randomized using a Latin Square. Each subject completed all conditions with at least 24 hours between each session. Pre and post volumetric measurements were taken using a volumetric tank. The subject was placed in one of the four described testing positions for 30 minutes. The change in weight of the displaced water was the main outcome measure. The data was analyzed using an ANOVA of the pre and post measurements with a Bonferroni post hoc analysis. The level of significance was set at P<.05 for all analyses. Results: The only statistically significant difference was between the gravity dependent position (seated) and all other positions (p <.001). There was no significant difference between lying supine (flat), on a bolster (elevated), or prone with the knees flexed to 90 degrees (prone). Conclusions: From these results, the extent of elevation does not appear to have an effect on changes in low leg volume. Elevation above the heart did not significantly improve reduction in limb volume, but removing the limb from a gravity dependent position might be beneficial.

Influence of moderate cigarette-smoking on the peri-implant clinicoradiographic inflammatory parameters around cement- and screw-retained dental implants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mana Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Implant Retention ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Soft Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Adjustment Test

The aim was to assess the influence of moderate cigarette-smoking on the clinical (bleeding on probing [BoP] and probing depth [PD]) and radiographic (crestal bone resorption [CBR]) around cement- and screw-retained dental implants at 5 years’ follow-up. A questionnaire was used to collect information about age, gender, smoking history, duration of implants in function, jaw location of the implant, and daily toothbrushing and flossing. Peri-implant BoP, PD and CBR were measured in all groups. Group comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance and for multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni Post hoc adjustment test was performed. Level of significance was set at P&lt;0.05. Forty-eight patients (25 smokers and 23 non-smokers) had cement-retained dental implants; and 48 (24 smokers and 24 non-smokers) had screw-retained dental implants. Among patients with cement and screw-retained dental implants, PD (P&lt;0.05) and CBR (P&lt;0.05) were significantly higher among smokers than non-smokers. The peri-implant sites that demonstrated BoP were statistically significantly higher among non-smokers (P&lt;0.05) than smokers among patients with cement- and screw-retained dental implants. There was no statistically significant difference in peri-implant PD and CBR among smokers with cement- and screw-retained dental implants. Among non-smokers with cement and screw-retained dental implants, there was no statistically significant difference in BoP, PD and CBR. Cigarette-smoking is associated with an increased PD and CBR around cement- and screw-retained dental implants. Cigarette-smoking increases peri-implant soft tissue inflammation as well as loss of crestal bone and this relationship is independent of the type of implant retention protocol used.The author recommends that cement- and screw-retained dental implants are suitable for prosthesis restoration in non-smokers. Further studies on dual-smokers (individuals smoking cigarettes and other forms of tobacco products) are needed related to the clinicoradiographic inflammatory parameters around cement- and screw-retained dental implants

Effect of Nada Yoga on Hypertension & Anxiety Level

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Kuldeep singh
Keyword(s):  
Sound Speed ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Hatha Yoga ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level Of Significance

In Nada yoga the sound speed of an object vibrates (as well as its size, however infinitesimal) contributes to its particular sound. Different tone and frequencies contains the subject of meditation in Nada Yoga, which also takes into consideration the musical intervals used in music and in the musical recitation of mantras, is brought together with meditation techniques and certain Hatha Yoga practices that are conducive to sonic exploration. Recently a study conducted on anxiety and hypertension level in Raigarh entitled as “The effect of Nada Yoga on Hypertension and anxiety level”.  The outcome of the study shows that Nada Yoga significantly reduces Anxiety as well as Hypertension. Results founds were surprisingly shows a significant difference between the two means, at .01 level of significance. It shows how Nada Yoga can effectively help to reduce anxiety and hypertension as well as many improves in health also.

The effect of Bayer’s strategy on developing divergent thinking among students Second intermediate grade in the subject of Arab Islamic history

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 273-304
Keyword(s):  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intermediate School ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Intermediate Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Experimental Group

The current research aims to know (the effect of Bayer's strategy on developing divergent thinking among second-grade intermediate students in the subject of Arab-Islamic history) . In order to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher puts the following null hypothesis : 1.There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who study according to the Bayer strategy and the average scores of the control group students who study in the traditional way in the dimensional divergent thinking test . The researcher chose an experimental design with two groups, one experimental and the other a control, and the two research groups (experimental - control) were rewarded with the following variables : (Chronological age in months, grades of the previous year, IQ test, pre-branched thinking test ) . The current research was limited to second-grade intermediate students in (Al-Furat Intermediate School for Boys), which is one of the schools affiliated to the city of Baghdad / Directorate of Education Al-Karkh First. (32) students, and the second represented the control group who were studying the same subject in the traditional way, and they numbered (31) students. Thus, the number of the research sample reached (63) students. 2017-2018 . The researcher prepared the divergent thinking test in light of the steps and main questions of the Sheikhly test (2001) in measuring the ability of divergent thinking of the students of the research sample . : The search results showed .The experimental group students who study history according to the Bayer strategy outperformed the control group students who study history using the traditional method in the dimensional branched thinking test . Keyword: Divergent thinking Bayer Stratagy

Vibration Transmissibility on Foot during Controlling and Operating Car Accelerator Pedal

2013 ◽  
Vol 471 ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
A.R. Yusoff ◽  
Baba M. Deros ◽  
D.D.I Daruis
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Accelerator Pedal ◽  
Vehicle Engine ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vibration Transmissibility ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the vibration transmissibility from a cars body to pedal-pad, and the lower extremity, especially on the foot. The vibration transmissibility will occur when the foot interacts with the pedal-pad once the vehicle engine is turned on. The vibrations transmissibility will cause drivers discomfort, especially on the lower extremity due to fatigue and tiredness of the foot. The relationship between vibration transmissibility with the different sizes pedal-pad to the foot, and whether it can contribute to the foot discomfort during handling and controlling pedal-pad while driving is investigated. The variables are the different sizes of pedal-pad. Data was recorded from foot on three different sizes of pedal-pads. The data was measured in root mean square (r.m.s) unit, of the frequency weighted acceleration (m/s2) for every minute. The result for the foot-transmitted-vibration shows the ratio value of medium sized pedal-pad is greater than 1; compared to small sized and large sized pedal-pads which is less than 1. Analysis of One-way Anova shows that the mean of different sizes of pedal-pad is significant. Tukeyspost-hocwith HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test on the foot transmitted-vibration proves that the means for medium size pedal-pad is the highest compared with the small and large size pedal-pads.

scholarly journals Hijerarhijsko strukturiranje ekspertnog modela za poduku skijaškog osnovnog zavoja / Hierarchical Classification Metodical Model for Teaching Basic Ski Turn

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Kuna ◽  
Sanjin Džajić
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alpine Skiers ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Post Hoc

With the goal to form the hierarchical classification of the most important methodical exercises for teaching basic ski turn in ski schools and test differences between ski experts based on their different level of skiing education, there was conducted a survey on the total sample of 307 ski experts from different countries. Through the filling out the online survey they tried to distinguish the importance of the formed model of the most important methodical exercises for teaching basic ski turn. Expert model of the most important methodical exercises captured 6 variables: uphill turn and jumping into snowplough, basic turn with hand sideways, basic turn with clapping, ski poles in front, ski poles on neck, uphill turn with active ski guiding. In order to investigate the statistic meaning of differences in ranking the methodical exercises for teaching basic ski turn, participants are divided into three groups based on the degree of skiing education they posses. In relation to above mentioned, sums of ranks (∑R) of the most important methodical exercises for teaching basic ski turn have been calculated. Using non-parametric analogue post-hoc analysis, i.e. Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test) and appropriate empiric level of significance (p), statistic significance of sums of ranks (∑R) of the most important methodical exercises for teaching basic ski turn have been tested. Significant difference between the value of ranking the most methodical exercises have been obtained (H=138,62; p<0,001). Those variables which were not different in statistically significant way according to sums of rank were classified in one significant group, while variables which showed statistically significant difference were classified separately. Multiple statistically significant difference based on different degree ski education between the ski experts were not obvious. The results of this study provide an accurate and scientifically based methodological settings for teaching basic ski turn. This opens the directions for future research in the form of construction of measuring instruments whose application in practice should allow better selection and choice of modalities methodical exercises for training alpine skiers of different ages and levels of ski prior knowledge.

scholarly journals Estimation of Total Fluoride Concentration, Total Soluble Fluoride Concentration and pH among Various Brands of Toothpastes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praneetha D Rani ◽  
Vijaya Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Group Analysis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction: Fluoride toothpastes are a major reason for the decline in dental caries globally. For fluoride toothpaste to be effective, an adequate amount of Total Soluble Fluoride (TSF) must be available in the toothpastes. Aim: To determine and compare the Total Fluoride (TF), TSF and pH among various toothpaste brands. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted during October 2019 on 20 toothpaste samples, which belonged to four groups namely, herbal toothpastes group, nonherbal toothpastes group, medicated toothpastes group and kids toothpastes group. Analysis of the samples was done at the Department of Environmental Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Technology, Surathkal, Karnataka, India. The TF and the TSF concentration was determined using fluoride ion electrode. The pH was determined using pH meter. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 19.0). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used by Tukey’s post-hoc test to determine the difference between groups. The level of significance was kept at 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the toothpaste types for mean TF concentration (p=0.004). The post-hoc test showed that there was a significant difference between herbal and nonherbal toothpastes (p=0.041) where the mean TF concentration for nonherbal toothpastes was 1095.20 ppm when compared to herbal toothpastes was 704.40 ppm. The results showed that there was a siginificant difference between the toothpaste types for Mean TSF concentration (p<0.003). There was a significant difference between medicated and kids toothpastes (p=0.024) where the mean total soluble fluoride concentration for medicated toothpastes was 938.60 ppm when compared to the kids toothpastes was 521.20 ppm. Conclusion: The present study showed that pH of all the toothpastes were either neutral or alkaline and the TSF concentration was less when compared to TF concentrations.

scholarly journals A Behavioral Assessment of College Students’ Knowledge, Awareness, and Consumption on Snack Foods That May Contain Probiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Sorensen ◽  
Cheryl R. Rock ◽  
Dustin M. Moore ◽  
Rachel E. Blaine ◽  
Christine B. Costa
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student College ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
University Setting

With the increasing variety of snack foods containing probiotics infiltrating the market, it is important that consumers become more aware and knowledgeable about these products. The aim of the current study was to investigate potential consumers&rsquo; behavior by assessing knowledge about probiotics, awareness of snack foods containing probiotics, and frequently consumed snacks among student college departments within a university setting. Participants included 125 college students (n = 34 male, n = 91 female), all 18 years and older, and evaluated via a 19-item questionnaire using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Gabriel&rsquo;s post hoc test. Level of significance was set at p &le; 0.05. There was a statistically significant difference in knowledge about probiotics among the student college departments, p = 0.012. Specifically, students in the College of Health and Human Services (CHHS) were statistically significantly more knowledgeable than those in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) college, p = 0.010. There was no statistically significant difference in awareness of snack foods containing probiotics, p = 0.262. On average, participants&rsquo; knowledge about probiotics was low (48.1%) and awareness of snack foods containing probiotics was very low (2.5%), though, a majority of participants (94.1%) were aware that yogurt may contain probiotics. Overall, these findings should guide food product developers and marketers to create products that are relevant and messages that enhance consumers&rsquo; knowledge and awareness to the existence of the probiotics in that product.

scholarly journals Bacterial removal in flattened root canals with different tapers of ProDesign Logic single-file system

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e5910917701
Author(s):  
Vanessa Sandini ◽  
Viviane Godoy ◽  
Marina Carvalho Prado ◽  
Ricardo Ferreira ◽  
Adriana De-Jesus-Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Bacterial Removal ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: This study evaluated the bacterial removal in flattened root canals after preparation with different tapers of ProDesign Logic instruments. Methodology: Fifty-five mandibular incisors with flattened root canals were contaminated with a pure culture of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 for 21 days at 37ºC. Root canals preparation was performed using ProDesign Logic and 0.9% sterile saline solution for irrigation. The specimens were randomly allocated to three experimental groups (n = 15) according to the taper of the instrument used: 25.03, 25.04, or 25.06. Intracanal bacteriological samples were taken before (S1) and after (S2) preparation and the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was calculated. Differences in bacterial counts before and after treatment, within each group, were analyzed by the paired t-test. Groups were compared by ANOVA with a post hoc test. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. Results: Mature biofilm formation was confirmed at root canal walls by scanning electron microscopy. Bacterial colonies were significantly reduced in all experimental groups at S2 compared to S1 (p <0.001). No significant difference was observed between groups regarding the percentage of bacterial reduction (p >0.05). Conclusion: Preparation of flattened root canals using ProDesign Logic instruments with tapers of 0.03, 0.04 and 0.06 resulted in similar planktonic and bacterial biofilm reduction. None of the instruments rendered root canals completely free of bacteria.

scholarly journals The Effect Of The Infographic Strategy On The Achievement And Development Of Visual Thinking Among The Second-Year Intermediate Students In The Social Subject

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 1261-1274
Author(s):  
Hanaa Ibrahim Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Thinking ◽  
Intermediate Students ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Experimental Group

The current research aims to find out the impact of the infographic strategy in the achievement and development of visual thinking among second-grade intermediate students in the subject of social science by verifying the validity of the following null hypotheses. There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group who study the social subject according to the infographic strategy and the average scores of the students of the control group who study the same subject in the usual way in the post-achievement test.There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group who study social studies according to the infographic strategy and the average scores of the students of the control group who study the same subject according to the usual method of the dimensional visual thinking test.There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average grades of the experimental group students who study the social subject according to the infographic strategy in the pre- and post-visual thinking scale.There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the control group students who study the subject of social studies according to the usual method in the pre- and post-visual thinking scale.To verify this, the researcher used an experimental design with partial control with the experimental and control groups, and the pre- and post-tests. According to the infographic strategy and Division (E), the control group is represented, which is taught in the usual way. The number of female students in the two groups was (56), of which (26) were students in Division (D) and (30) were students in Division (E). The researcher did not find female students who had failed in the same phase year. The researcher used the same conditions for the two groups of research in the following variables: academic achievement of fathers, academic achievement of mothers, chronological age calculated in months, scores for the pre-visual thinking scale, IQ test scores, degrees of social science from the 2016/2017 academic year.

scholarly journals Resistant Starch Content of Traditional Indian Legume Preparations

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri Nigudkar ◽  
Jagmeet Gurminder
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Bengal Gram ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cooked Food ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Foods rich in resistant starch RS can play an important role in the management of chronic diseases. Legumes contain higher amount of RS than cereals, roots and tubers. Therefore the current study was undertaken to estimate RS content of some commonly consumed Indian legume preparations. 26 cooked legume based products including 6 readymade traditional snacks were tested for their RS content using Megazyme Assay Kit for Resistant Starch. RS content was estimated for 100 g cooked food and for the cooked portion obtained by using 30 g of major ingredient. One way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test was used to compare the mean RS content in one portion of different categories of legume preparations. Level of significance was set at p<0.05. RS content of four types of plain pressure cooked dhal, common to Indian cooking, was in the range of 1.21 g% to 2.16 g% whereas aamti, a thinner preparation of dhal contained RS in the range of 0.42 g% to 0.69 g%. In both types of dhal preparations, red gram dhal showed highest RS content followed by bengal gram dhal. Usal made using bengal gram kabuli contained 2.38 g% RS followed by 1.42 g% RS in bengal gram brown usal. RS in bengal gram flour based traditional recipes like zunka, dhirda and pithle was 1.23 g%, 1.48 g% and 0.09 g% respectively. When mean RS content of one portion of different categories of legume preparations was compared, there was no significant difference p≥0.05 found among any of the categories. The results of the study generated useful data with respect to RS content in 100 g as well as RS in one portion of legume preparations and identified preparations with red gram dhal, bengal gram kabuli and brown variety and lentil as relatively higher in RS content.

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