An Inquiry into Labor in Israel in the Twenty-First Century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Preminger
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
State Building ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
First Century ◽  
Political Institution ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Building Project

The Introduction presents the main concerns of the book and principal research question: what is the current status of organized labor in Israel and what is its role in the representation of workers following the decline of the Israeli variant of neocorporatism? It then overviews the rise of (Jewish) organized labor in pre-state Mandatory Palestine, its decisive role in the Zionist state-building project, its decline from the late 1970s onwards, and its ostensible resurgence in the new millennium. The Histadrut is introduced as a formerly crucial and extremely powerful political institution, now undermined by policies associated with neoliberalism which also transformed Israel’s labor market and employment norms. The chapter ends by outlining the book’s contribution to existing scholarship of trade unions and labor in Israel.

From Abandonment to Autonomy

2020 ◽  
pp. 242-256
Author(s):  
Ben Nobbs-Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
State Building ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Century ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Regional Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Building Project

The Epilogue extends the history of the March to the East to the present. It returns to the personal history of current Bolivian President Evo Morales and links his personal trajectory in the March to the East to his administration’s current plans to extend the agricultural frontier. The epilogue also examines the ways that transnational and regional dynamics continue to unfold in this national state-building project. Just as ideas of abandonment provided a key framing narrative for the body of this work, conflicting notions of autonomy help us understand Santa Cruz at the beginning of the twenty-first century. During the well-publicized autonomy movement of 2008, residents of Santa Cruz challenged state authority emanating from the Andes and lashed out at the visible presence of highland indigenous migrants. This occurred even as lowland indigenous peoples voiced a very different set of demands for autonomy. Long silenced in the March to the East, the Guaraní, Chiquitano, Sirionó, Ayoreo, and other indigenous communities recast the narrative of settlement as one of displacement and organized to demand the return of their traditional lands.

Children of Turkish Immigrants in Germany and the Netherlands: The Impact of Differences in Vocational and Academic Tracking Systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 1508-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Crul ◽  
Jens Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Labor Market Integration ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
The Impact

Background/Context Much research is being done on Turkish immigrants and their children in Germany and the Netherlands, but almost always from a national perspective. To compare the situation, for example, regarding educational outcomes across the two countries has proved to be very difficult because of different sets, selection criteria, and time periods for statistical data on immigrant populations. However, those data, which are actually available and comparable to at least some degree, already show how strongly the differences in educational attainment and labor market integration of Turkish immigrants depend on structural and systemic differences in the ways that education is organized in Germany and the Netherlands. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The article analyzes available data on young Turkish immigrants and native-born second generations and their educational success in the two countries with the major Turkish populations in Western Europe. It aims to direct the focus away from group background characteristics, which are actually quite similar, to the influence of institutional arrangements and the way that the educational system facilitates (or not) the educational integration of Turkish youth. Research Design The article is based on publicly collected and available data on the Turkish populations in Germany and the Netherlands. This mainly refers to the Dutch SPVA surveys and the German micro-census and Integration Survey. Conclusions/Recommendations The findings show that more than group characteristics, systemic and institutional factors can have a decisive role in promoting or hampering the educational and labor market integration of young immigrants and the native-born second generation. The greater openness of the Dutch school system to provide “long routes” and “second chances” shows its effect in significantly higher shares of Turks in higher education. On the other side, the dual system of vocational training in Germany seems to be better suited for labor market integration, especially because apprenticeships are more practice oriented and do count as work experience for later application procedures. The Dutch system also offers better opportunities for girls than does the German system. Yet, the polarization effect between “high achievement” and “failure” of only partial integration success is greater in the Netherlands, whereas the overall advancement is slower, but also less polarizing, in Germany. In this sense, each country could learn something from its neighbor regarding those aspects of the institutional and systemic setting that apparently fail to do the job well enough.

Trade Unions and Emigration in Late Victorian England: A National Lobby for State Aid

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-116
Author(s):  
Howard L. Malchow
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Economic Distress ◽  
Trade Dispute ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
The Social

That the state might owe its poor and unemployed a helping hand to emigrate to wherever there were jobs found common enough expression in the first half of the nineteenth century. In the 1820s and 1830s there were the conflicting schemes of Wilmot-Horton and E. G. Wakefield. Carlyle advocated in 1843 a state emigration service to provide a bridge to the colonies, and Irish troubles periodically provided a source of speculation about the usefulness of state emigration as a solution to agricultural distress. For Tories it could be a conservative measure to diminish at a stroke economic distress and the social disruption it bred, while some Liberals viewed it as a necessary rationalization of the labor market and supported it in the same spirit, and with the same arguments, as the Cheap Trains Act. Organized labor itself had had recourse on occasion to the emigration of members both as a restrictive guild practice and a militant trade dispute tactic.The extent to which trade unions continued to favor emigration benefits after mid-century has been a subject of some dispute. There is also the question of trade union attitudes toward schemes of state emigration — distrusted by many in the early Victorian period as transportation of the poor. It is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate a strong continued interest in an emigration solution by many trade unions well into the 1880s, and that after mid-century much of organized labor turned from emphasis on emigration benefits provided by the union to acceptance of and agitation for a state program of emigration assistance funded by the national exchequer.

Labor in Israel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Preminger
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Union Democracy ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
Building Project

This book analyzes worker organizing and union revitalization following the decline of neocorporatism, the transformation of industrial relations and the rise of neoliberalism. Given labor’s critical role in the Zionist state-building project, it also discusses organized labor’s relationship to the political community in light of Israel’s complex relations with the Palestinians. The book asserts that despite the weakening of trade unions and the Histadrut, undermined by political and economic elites, the fragmentation of labor representation has created opportunities for those previously excluded from the neocorporatist regime. Moreover, workers are taking advantage of vestigial neocorporatist frameworks and new liberal legislation to impede neoliberal policies and renegotiate union democracy. However, the common political framework between labor and capital, the nation-state, has been subverted: capital has spread beyond “national” borders and labor has been brought into them from outside, entirely annulling labor Zionism’s premise in which “the (Hebrew) worker” was almost synonymous with “citizen.” Organized labor has lost its legitimacy. As even the right to organize is challenged, labor fights a rearguard battle, renegotiating its status vis-à-vis “old” social partners and a public which, for the most part, does not identify itself as “workers” and does not accept labor’s claim to represent it.

The employment miracle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Fratzscher
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
German Society ◽  
First Century ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
New Jobs

After reaching a low point of economic dynamism and employment in 2005, a state of affairs in which it came to be regarded as the “sick man of Europe,” Germany achieved impressive, indeed apparently miraculous growth in employment. In the process German society cut unemployment in half and created almost 5 million new jobs. In this chapter’s discussion, the primary focus is on the different elements and causes that have gone into the employment miracle in Germany since the start of the twenty-first century. In addition, the chapter highlights the underlying weaknesses and problems in Germany’s labor market as the century’s second decade nears its close.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF DESIGN HEURISTICS AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN DESIGN FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2571-2580
Author(s):  
Filip Valjak ◽  
Angelica Lindwall
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Design For Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Heuristics ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Support Methods

AbstractThe advent of additive manufacturing (AM) in recent years have had a significant impact on the design process. Because of new manufacturing technology, a new area of research emerged – Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) with newly developed design support methods and tools. This paper looks into the current status of the field regarding the conceptual design of AM products, with the focus on how literature sources treat design heuristics and design principles in the context of DfAM. To answer the research question, a systematic literature review was conducted. The results are analysed, compared and discussed on three main points: the definition of the design heuristics and the design principles, level of support they provide, as well as where and how they are used inside the design process. The paper highlights the similarities and differences between design heuristics and design principles in the context of DfAM.

Transnational moral economies: The value of monetary and social remittances in transnational families

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia D Solari
Keyword(s):  
Moral Economy ◽  
State Building ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Transnational Families ◽  
Social Remittances ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Moral Economies ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Building Project

Although migration scholars have called for studying both ends of migration, few studies have empirically done so. In this article the author analyzes ethnographic data conducted with migrant careworkers in Italy, many undocumented, and their non-migrant children in Ukraine to uncover the meanings they assign to monetary and also social remittances defined as the transfer of ideas, behaviors, and values between sending and receiving countries. The author argues that migrants and non-migrant children within transnational families produce a transnational moral economy or a set of social norms based on a shared migration discourse – in this case, either poverty or European aspirations – which governs economic and social practices in both sending and receiving sites. The author found that these contrasting transnational moral economies resulted in the production of ‘Soviet’ versus ‘capitalist’ subjectivities with consequences for migrant practices of integration in Italy, consumption practices for migrants and their non-migrant children, and for Ukraine’s nation-state building project.

scholarly journals The Labor Market in Ukraine: the Current Status and Prospects for Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (498) ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
T. V. Chatchenko ◽  
◽  
I. A. Davydova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Current Status

scholarly journals On the Incentives to Increase Input Efficiency under Monopoly Trade Unions

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Tapan Biswas ◽  
Jolian McHardy
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Cournot Duopoly ◽  
Technological Improvement ◽  
Input Efficiency ◽  
Competitive Labor Market

We examine the effects of and the incentives for increasing input efficiency within a spatially segregated  Cournot duopoly with monopoly trade unions whose utility functions depend on both wages and employment. We show that with neoclassical as well as Leontief technology, unions raise wages to appropriate fully the gains from labor-saving technological (or organisational) improvements, leaving the firm with no incentive to invest in increasing the efficiency of workers. However, capital-saving     technological improvement may be profitable depending on the elasticity of substitution. Finally, we examine the implication of a fixed minimum wage (or competitive labor market) in one country.

scholarly journals La Educación en Colombia: Arquetipo de Correspondencia con la Economía Global y de Mercado / Education in Colombia: Archetype Correspondence with the Global Economy and Market

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Luis Manuel Marrugo Fruto
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Individual

Se busca dilucidar los principales hitos históricos de la educación colombiana en relación con las políticas de la economía global y de mercado, entre finales del siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XXI. Se mostrarán limitaciones y problemáticas heredadas por el sistema educativo en su propósito de funcionar como empresa, bajo las leyes de oferta y demanda, es decir, un sistema educativo con la convicción de formar un perfil de individuo y de sociedad como mano de obra, dócil, obediente y con competencias de calidad para el mercado laboral de lossistema – mundo postmodernos, en desmedro de una educación humanizada.Metodológicamente es producto de una revisión de tema. Como principal resultado se muestra la tendencia desde los inicios de la educación colombiana a corresponderse con el mercado laboral. Abstract.It seeks to elucidate the main historical landmarks of Colombian education in relation to the policies of the global economy and market, between the late nineteenth century and early twenty-first century.  Limitations and problems inherited by the educational system in order to operate as a company under the laws of supply and demand, a docile educational system with the conviction of forming a profile of the individual and society as labor, are displayed obediently and quality skills for the labor market system - postmodern world, at the expenses of a humanized education. Methodologically is the result of a review of subject. The main result shows the trend since the beginning of Colombian education to match the labor market.

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