Still a Mother

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Krasas
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Family Court ◽  
Reproductive Justice ◽  
The Status ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Being There ◽  
Best Interests Standard

This book traces the trajectories of mothers who have lost or ceded custody to an ex-partner. The book argues that these noncustodial mothers' experiences should be understood within a greater web of gendered social institutions such as employment, education, health care, and legal systems that shapes the meanings of contemporary motherhood in the United States. If motherhood means “being there,” then noncustodial mothers, through their absence, are seen as nonmothers. They are anti-mothers to be reviled. At the very least, these mothers serve as cautionary tales. The book questions the existence of an objective method for determining custody of children and challenges the “best-interests standard” through a feminist, reproductive justice lens. The stories of noncustodial mothers that the book relates shed light on marriage and divorce, caregiving, gender violence, and family court. Unfortunately, much of the contemporary discussion of child-custody determination is dominated either by gender-neutral discussions or, at the opposite end of the spectrum, by the idea that fathers are severely disadvantaged in custody disputes. As a result, the idea that mothers always receive custody has taken on the status of common sense. If this was true, as the book's author affirms, there would be no book to write.

Patient Autonomy, Capacity, and Consent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Berg ◽  
Emma Cave
Keyword(s):  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Medical Decision Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Best Interests Standard

This chapter discusses patient autonomy, capacity, and consent involving children. It first provides a general overview of children’s rights with respect to making medical decisions in both the United States and Europe. The chapter then discusses the best interests standard (which is usually applied in cases of minors) and how to consider capacity in the context of children. In the discussions of European approaches, the chapter covers relevant international and regional human rights law. The jurisdiction of England and Wales are used as examples. The chapter also provides a general overview of US state approaches and federal law. The chapter concludes by noting some new areas of medical decision-making which challenge the traditional models.

scholarly journals Transformative Action: A Theoretical Framework for Breaking New Ground

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Institutionalized Racism ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Transformative Action

Developed by Paulo Freire, critical consciousness (CrC) is a philosophical, theoretical, and practice-based framework encompassing an individual’s understanding of and action against the structural roots of inequity and violence. This article explores divergent CrC scholarship regarding CrC theory and practice; provides an in-depth review of inconsistencies within the CrC “action” domain; and, in an effort to resolve discrepancies within the existing CrC literature, presents a new construct—transformative action (TA)—and details the process of TA development. Comprising three hierarchical levels of action (critical, avoidant, and destructive) for each level of the socio-ecosystem, TA serves as a model for community-based practitioners, such as those working in the fields of social work and public affairs. The authors argue that transformation is necessary to deconstruct the social institutions in the United States that maintain and perpetuate systemic inequity, creating dehumanizing consequences. Through critical TA, community workers can make visible hidden socio-structural factors, such as institutionalized racism and White privilege, countering the historic trend of community workers acting as tools of social control—that is, socializing individuals to adapt to marginalized roles and accept inferior treatment; maintaining and enforcing the status quo; and facilitating conformity with inequitable societal norms and practices. The authors also discuss the implications of community-based TA practice.

Satiric TV in the Americas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Media Spectacle ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Media ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
Critical Humor

In the post-truth era, postmodern satiric media have emerged as prominent critical voices playing an unprecedented role at the heart of public debate, filling the gaps left not only by traditional media but also by weak social institutions and discredited political elites. Satiric TV in the Americas analyzes some of the most representative and influential satiric TV shows on the continent (focusing on cases in Argentina, Peru, Ecuador, Mexico, Chile, and the United States) in order to understand their critical role in challenging the status quo, traditional journalism, and the prevalent local media culture. It illuminates the phenomenon of satire as resistance and negotiation in public discourse, the role of entertainment media as a site where sociopolitical tensions are played out, and the changing notions of journalism in today’s democratic societies. Introducing the notion of “critical metatainment”—a postmodern, carnivalesque result of and a transgressive, self-referential reaction to the process of tabloidization and the cult of celebrity in the media spectacle era—Satiric TV in the Americas is the first book to map, contextualize, and analyze relevant cases to understand the relation between political information, social and cultural dissent, critical humor, and entertainment in the region. Evaluating contemporary satiric media as distinctively postmodern, multilayered, and complex discursive objects that emerge from the collapse of modernity and its arbitrary dichotomies, Satiric TV in the Americas also shows that, as satiric formats travel to a particular national context, they are appropriated in different ways and adapted to local circumstances, thus having distinctive implications.

The Abundant Society and World Order: Alternative Life-Style in the US

1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-252
Author(s):  
Steven H. Arnold ◽  
Denis Goulet
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
World Order ◽  
High Standard ◽  
The United States ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
The Status

Since the present world order has been shaped and is being sustained by nation-state actors to preserve their domestic social structures and ensure a high standard of life to their peoples, a structural transformation of this world order will inevitably involve a reordering of these societies and the adoption of a different life-style by their peoples. This paper examines the possibility of such a transition happening in the most important and the most powerful of the actors, the United States of America. It examines the various domestic movements that challenge, both on the plane of thinking and on the plane of action, the myths, the value systems and the meaning systems from which the organizing principles and sanctions of the social institutions are derived. It finds that although the various groups projecting, and also living, alternative life-styles project certain values that resonate well with the American public at large, other vested interests tap these values to buttress the status quo, thereby pushing these groups to the fringes of society. It comes to the conclusion that certain events in the international arena may exert greater influence on the US society than domestic groups which plead for alternative life-styles.

scholarly journals How sport and its values are perceived by adults in the USA and Ukraine: a cross-cultural comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Iryna Turchyk ◽  
Olha Romanchuk ◽  
Natalija Sorokolit ◽  
Volodymyr Kemin ◽  
Mykola Lukjanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Abstract There are practically no cross-cultural studies in the field of physical education and sport with Ukrainian society as the object of research. However, there is a particular and obvious interest to research not only young people as a major strategic resource for any state, but also adults, including parents. The main purpose of the study is to identify common and different features of the attitude toward sport and its axiological component in the Ukrainian and American societies. A total of 500 adults aged 18-64 (196 men and 304 women) participated in the national survey, with the majority being Ukrainian school teachers. The results obtained from the study were compared with the results of a study conducted in the United States. It should be noted that in our study, we only selected questions from the American questionnaire that solely addressed adults’ perceptions of sport and its values. We did not choose other questions. Mathematical processing of the survey indicators was carried out using the computer program SPSS. The result of the research is a comparison of statements from adults of both countries regarding the actual and potential impact of social institutions on the youth; their statements about sport; values or principles that may or may not be important in sport; the extent of sport’s actual influence on the formation of values; the values adults hope their children will learn from participating in sport; and statements about the importance of values from adults who are actively involved in sport. The results of the cross-cultural study among adults in the USA and Ukraine indicate that there is both an identical idea of certain values in sport and a different vision due to, in our opinion, the divergence of cultural traditions and the status of sport in the countries.

The Best Interests of the Child: Decision-Making Factors

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Banach
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Critical Incident Technique ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Family Court ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Subjective Interpretation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Decision Making Factors ◽  
Best Interests Standard

This study examines the factors considered by professionals working within the family court arena when they apply the standard of best interests of children to make a determination about where a child should reside. This study uses a qualitative design based on the critical incident technique. Recorded interviews were conducted with all respondents using a semi-structured format in which they were asked to delineate the factors they relied on to make a decision in a case in which they were involved. Results indicate that professionals rely on three domains to make decisions using the best interests standard: precipitating events, guiding principles, and case variables. Respondents also generally agreed that the best interests of children as a standard can be subjectively interpreted to the detriment of clear and unbiased decisions. Recommendations for use of these domains in decision-making concerning the best interests of children are proposed as a guard against the subjective interpretation of the standard.

scholarly journals Crisis Pregnancy Centers in Canada and Reproductive Justice Organizations’ Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Haiqi Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Justice ◽  
Reproductive Autonomy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Abortion Access ◽  
Crisis Pregnancy

The spread of crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs) has become an alarming issue in the fields of public health and reproductive justice (RJ) as they impede women’s fully-informed decisions and threaten women’s reproductive autonomy. However, most existing scholarship has only focused on CPCs within the United States; hardly any literature has been devoted to anti-CPC activism. This study contributes to addressing these gaps by adopting a mixed method. The paper first reviews the status quo of U.S. and Canadian CPCs through the existing literature to contextualize my investigation. Then it explores the establishment of individual Canadian CPCs to evaluate whether they are gaining more influence. It also analyzes the presence and absence of information on Canadian anti-CPC activism in the social media of RJ organizations. Finally, it examines the interviews I conducted with Canadian RJ activists to identify the ongoing anti-CPC activism and why some groups do not regard it central to their agenda. Results of this research reveal that CPCs have been continuously expanding in Canada during the past 35 years. Despite realizing their threat, most Canadian RJ groups do not focus their activism on CPCs and instead, concern themselves more with such issues as abortion access owing to their political engagement restriction, as well as their viewpoint that variation among Canadian CPCs and the Canadian liberal political context lessen CPCs’ overall threat. The limited ongoing activism includes lobbying for halting funding for CPCs, revoking their charitable statuses, banning their advertisements, and removing their biased sex education from public schools.

Multicultural Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the United States: Still Art, Not Yet Science, and Controversial

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Dana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Assessment ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Status ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Multicultural Assessment ◽  
Personality Description

This paper describes the status of multicultural assessment training, research, and practice in the United States. Racism, politicization of issues, and demands for equity in assessment of psychopathology and personality description have created a climate of controversy. Some sources of bias provide an introduction to major assessment issues including service delivery, moderator variables, modifications of standard tests, development of culture-specific tests, personality theory and cultural/racial identity description, cultural formulations for psychiatric diagnosis, and use of findings, particularly in therapeutic assessment. An assessment-intervention model summarizes this paper and suggests dimensions that compel practitioners to ask questions meriting research attention and providing avenues for developments of culturally competent practice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document