From Guangzhou, Porto Novo, and Antananarivo toward Điện Biên Phủ

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-231
Author(s):  
John T. Sidel
Keyword(s):  
Vantage Point ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Southern Chinese ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geographical Context ◽  
Porto Novo

This chapter looks at the southern Chinese coastal metropolis of Guangzhou, which suggests itself as an obvious and potentially interesting vantage point from which the Việtnamese Revolution can be resituated and revisited. It argues that Guangzhou was destined to play a much more decisive and much more direct role in the making of the Việtnamese Revolution as compared with that of Litoměřice for the Philippine Revolution, or even Baku for the Indonesian Revolusi. The chapter also discusses the relevance of far-flung and seemingly obscure African cities as Porto Novo and Antananarivo, and analyses the relationship of Paris to Guangzhou in terms of the diverse points of influence and interlinkage for Việtnamese revolutionaries. The chapter then shifts to the battle of Điện Biên Phủ in 1954, and investigates how the battle serves as a signifier of both the more impressive military trajectory of the Việtnamese Revolution as compared with its Philippine and Indonesian counterparts, and, crucially, the broader ethnic, institutional, and geographical context of Indochina within which the Việtnamese revolutionary struggle was embedded. Ultimately, the chapter highlights the subsequent developments in Sinographic cosmopolitanism in the Đại Việt realm and outlines the dramatic transformation of Cochinchina, Annam, and Tonkin under the auspices of French colonial rule.

scholarly journals Development of Scales to Measure and Analyse the Relationship of Safety Consciousness and Safety Citizenship Behaviour of Construction Workers: An Empirical Study in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangcheng Meng ◽  
Huaiyuan Zhai ◽  
Alan H. S. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

China’s construction industry has experienced a long period of development and reform but compared to developed countries, safety on construction sites in China continues to present serious problems. Safety consciousness and safety citizenship behaviour are influential factors related to safety issues in the construction industry and may play a direct role in improving the safety of personnel on construction sites. However, recently no research has been focused on the relationship between safety consciousness and safety citizenship behaviour. Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate the relationship between safety consciousness and safety citizenship behaviour for personnel working on construction sites in China by using a questionnaire survey and statistical analysis, so that correlation between safety consciousness and safety citizenship can be demonstrated and effective measures suggested to improve the safety of construction workers in China, and perhaps in other countries as well.

Blue light stimulated oxygen uptake mediated by FMN in a colorless Chlorella mutant

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lee ◽  
D. F. Sargent ◽  
C. P. S. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Biological Oxidation ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Light Enhancement ◽  
Light Receptor ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In a colorless Chlorella mutant we have found only a very slight enhancement of oxygen uptake in blue light unless FMN is added to the medium. Inhibitor studies and control experiments show that a biological oxidation is involved in the increased oxygen uptake in addition to the well-known photochemical oxidations caused by free FMN. We conclude that FMN is a necessary cofactor in the blue light stimulated oxygen uptake observed in this mutant. Because of its direct role in the process FMN probably also functions as the primary light receptor. The relationship of this enhanced oxygen uptake to the blue light enhancement effects reported by others is considered briefly.

Radical Critical Empathy and Cultural Sustainability

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
Sustainability Program ◽  
Master Of Arts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter suggests some methodological and pedagogical orientations to the project of cultural sustainability. The scholarship of Michael Jackson, Edie Turner, Henry Glassie, and Jeff Todd Titon explores how culture can be existentially sustaining, but often this quality of culture is lost in scholarship and practice. The chapter argues that participation, empathy, and communitas should be cultivated in pedagogy and research methodology. Such an approach recasts the relationship of experts to communities, ways of knowing and communicating, and the ethics of scholarship. Considering well-being and culture from this vantage point suggests factors that are relevant to broader issues in sustainability and have informed the curriculum and philosophy of the Master of Arts in Cultural Sustainability program at Goucher College.

Theorizing Popular Sovereignty in the Colony: Abul Aʿla Maududi's “Theodemocracy”

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-617
Author(s):  
Humeira Iqtidar
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Ethical Problem ◽  
The State ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Institutional Mechanism

AbstractAbul Aʿla Maududi (1903–1979), the influential Indo-Pakistani Islamist thinker, proposed a detailed vision of what he called “theodemocracy.” This has been seen widely as a theocracy despite Maududi's explicit rejection of the term and its philosophical underpinnings. I suggest here that Maududi's vision of theodemocracy opens up a productive space for reflection on the relationship between popular and state sovereignty. Maududi saw popular sovereignty as an ethical problem; it corrupted the potential for individual moral development that the institutional mechanism of the state could otherwise allow for. Highlighting the complicated relationship of his ideas with colonial rule, and showing that he used the colonial liberal state as both a foil and model for his analysis, I argue here that “theodemocracy” was his attempt at divorcing sovereignty from the state. This endeavor generated creative tensions, and forms an important contribution to the global discussion about sovereignty and the state.

wingless signaling in the Drosophila eye and embryonic epidermis

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 2801-2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Cadigan ◽  
R. Nusse
Keyword(s):  
Gene Product ◽  
Clonal Analysis ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Notch Protein ◽  
Wingless Signaling ◽  
Drosophila Eye ◽  
Notch Gene ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

After the onset of pupation, sensory organ precursors, the progenitors of the interommatidial bristles, are selected in the developing Drosophila eye. We have found that wingless, when expressed ectopically in the eye via the sevenless promoter, blocks this process. Transgenic eyes have reduced expression of acheate, suggesting that wingless acts at the level of the proneural genes to block bristle development. This is in contrast to the wing, where wingless positively regulates acheate to promote bristle formation. The sevenless promoter is not active in the acheate-positive cells, indicating that the wingless is acting in a paracrine manner. Clonal analysis revealed a requirement for the genes porcupine, dishevelled and armadillo in mediating the wingless effect. Overexpression of zeste white-3 partially blocks the ability of wingless to inhibit bristle formation, consistent with the notion that wingless acts in opposition to zeste white-3. Thus the wingless signaling pathway in the eye appears to be very similar to that described in the embryo and wing. The Notch gene product has also been suggested to play a role in wingless signaling (J. P. Couso and A. M. Martinez Arias (1994) Cell 79, 259–72). Because Notch has many functions during eye development, including its role in inhibiting bristle formation through the neurogenic pathway, it is difficult to assess the relationship of Notch to wingless in the eye. However, we present evidence that wingless signaling still occurs normally in the complete absence of Notch protein in the embryonic epidermis. Thus, in the simplest model for wingless signalling, a direct role for Notch is unlikely.

A note on the Asante akonkofo: a non-literate Sub-elite, 1900–1930

Africa ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwame Arhin
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Traditional Authority ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Opening ParagraphFollowing the growing interest in recent years in social stratification in Asante in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (Arhin, 1983a: 2–22; 1983b: 475; McCaskie, 1983: 23–44; Wilks, 1975: 166–719), this note offers a preliminary study of a body of men who became known in Kumasi and the capital towns of the other Asante chiefdoms – in particular Bekwai, Juaben and Mampon – as the akonkofo in the first phase of colonial rule, 1896–1930. The argument of the paper, written in the light of the views of Daaku (1970, 1971) is that the akonkofo, an intermediary group between office holders and non-holders of office (Arhin, 1983a) could emerge as a distinctive sociopolitical category only in the colonial period. The first section of this article, on the origin of the akonkofo, describes the factors that inhibited the rise of ‘merchant princes’ in Asante before colonial rule; the second, on the akonkofo in Kumasi, offers a kind of social portrait of the akonkofo; and the third section, on the position of the akonkofo in Asante society, examines the relationship of the akonkofo to traditional authority. My sources are archival and written. I have also recorded interviews with Barima Owusu-Ansah, over seventy-five years old, and a leading authority on Asante law and constitution, and with Baffour Osei Akoto, senior spokesman (okyeame) of the Asantehene and just turned seventy, as well as conversations with sundry officials at the Asantehene's court.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

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