scholarly journals Origins of Bosnian humor and its role during the siege of Sarajevo

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
David Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Coping Mechanism ◽  
Crucial Element ◽  
Cultural Artifact ◽  
Ethnic Consciousness

This article presents an ethnographic study of Bosnian humour during the siege of Sarajevo. The siege of Sarajevo, which followed the collapse of Yugoslavia, lasted four years. Despite the atrocities and war crimes committed against the residents of Sarajevo during this period, they are known for the spirit they demonstrated, and humour was a crucial element of this spirit. On the basis of two-month fieldwork in Sarajevo, I demonstrate how Bosnians employed humour to comment on this traumatic event, made sense of it, and coped with the experience. Although humour under extreme conditions is mainly viewed as a coping mechanism, by exploring the origins of Bosnian humour and stereotypes about Bosnians, I demonstrate that a notable humorous response to the traumatic events of the 1990s was more than a coping mechanism or just a response to this particular war. As I argue, a humorous attitude toward life in Bosnia belongs to people’s identity; it has developed historically as a response to the sufferings of a peripheral group in the region and, as a result, has become a cultural artifact belonging to Bosnians’ ethnic consciousness. In their attempt to preserve a sense of normalcy and restore dignity during the siege, Sarajevans continued to engage in their traditional humour, as doing otherwise would mean they had lost control over who they were.

scholarly journals Association between Work-Related Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Child Welfare Workers in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3541
Author(s):  
Mayumi Kataoka ◽  
Daisuke Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Child Welfare Workers ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Welfare Workers

Child welfare workers often experience work-related traumatic events and may be at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can hinder early interventions for child abuse. This study examined the association between each single work-related traumatic event experienced by child welfare workers and the cumulative number of traumatic event types with PTSD symptoms. A checklist of traumatic events was used to investigate work-related traumatic events. The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) was used to screen for PTSD symptoms. Two multivariate analyses were performed. A total of 140 workers were included in the analyses. In the first multivariate analysis, the event, “Witnessed a parent violently beating, hitting, kicking, or otherwise injuring a child or the other parent during work” (β = 11.96; 95% CI, 2.11–21.80; p < 0.05) and resilience (β = −0.60; 95% CI, −0.84 to −0.36; p < 0.01) were significantly associated with PTSD symptoms, as was resilience in the second multivariate analysis (β = −0.60; 95%CI, −0.84 to −0.36; p < 0.01). The association between the cumulative number of event types and PTSD symptoms was not significant, but it was stronger when the cumulative number was four or more. The findings suggest the importance of reducing child welfare worker exposure to traumatic events.

Loving Ebola-chan: Internet memes in an epidemic

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Rose Marcus ◽  
Merrill Singer
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Social Response ◽  
Coping Mechanism ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fear Response ◽  
Cultural Artifact ◽  
History Of

In this article, the authors provide a layered analysis of Ebola-chan, a visual cultural artifact of the 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak. Rather than considering her as a two-dimensional anime character (i.e. as a simple iconic coping mechanism and/or a fear response), this recent Internet meme is analyzed using an integrated semiotic and structural approach that involves discussion of the genesis of disaster humor in light of the changing world of the Internet, the history of anthropomorphism of disease, and the biosocial nature of an infectious disease epidemic. Our analysis is designed to advance both the anthropology of the Internet and the anthropology of infectious disease. As a multi-vocal symbol with different meanings for different audiences, Ebola-chan represents a social response to a lethal epidemic in the digital age.

scholarly journals Traumatic events and psychotic experiences: a nationally representative study in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kilian ◽  
S. Supanya ◽  
C. Probst ◽  
C. Morgan ◽  
T. Bärnighausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Lifetime Experience ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aims Most research exploring the link between traumatic events and psychotic experiences has focused on either Australia, Europe or North America. In this study, we expand the existing knowledge to Thailand and investigate the impact of the type and the number of traumatic events on psychotic experiences in Thailand. Methods We used data from the nationally representative 2013 Thai National Mental Health Survey (TNMHS), including questions on traumatic events and psychotic experiences. We regressed the lifetime experience of hallucinations or delusions against the following independent variables: the experience of any traumatic event during lifetime (dichotomous; hypothesis 1); the experience of either no traumatic event, one interpersonal, one unintentional or both interpersonal and unintentional traumatic events (categorical; hypothesis 2) and the number of traumatic events experienced during lifetime (categorical; hypothesis 3). We adjusted the regression models for sociodemographic indicators and psychiatric disorders, and considered survey weights. Results About 6% (95% confidence interval: 4.9–7.0) of the respondents stated that they had either hallucinatory or delusional experiences during their lifetime. The risk of reporting such experiences was more than doubled as high among respondents who had experienced at least one traumatic event during their lifetime than among those who had not yet experienced one, with higher risks for interpersonal or multiple traumatic events. Our results further indicated an increase in the risk of psychotic experiences as the number of traumatic events increased, with up to an eight-fold higher risk for people exposed to five or more traumatic events in their lifetime, compared to those with no traumatic events. Conclusions Individuals reporting interpersonal or multiple traumatic events face much higher risk of psychotic experiences. Effective and widely accessible secondary prevention programmes for people having experienced interpersonal or multiple traumatic events constitute a key intervention option.

The exposure to traumatic events and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among Korean journalists

Journalism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1308-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Lee ◽  
Eun Hye Ha ◽  
Jung Kun Pae
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Traumatic Event Exposure

This study investigated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on Korean journalists and the contributing variables. Predicting variables included the exposure to traumatic events, coping strategy, social support, optimism, negative beliefs, and the journalists’ occupational perspectives. A total of 367 Korean journalists participated in the survey. The findings revealed that, first, Korean journalists had suffered severely from PTSD symptoms according to the prevalence rate. Second, the extent of traumatic event exposure, the length of career, the use of dysfunctional coping strategy, a lack of social support, and negative beliefs were identified as significantly related variables. Finally, occupational perspectives showed meaningful associations with development of the symptoms. This study provided an empirical analysis of Korean journalists’ experiences of traumatic events and psychological stress for the first time.

scholarly journals SCHIZOPHRENIA SYMPTOMS ACUTE IN TEDDY ALIAS ANDREW IN THE “SHUTTER ISLAND” NOVEL BY DENNIS LEHANE

JURNAL BASIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Elfi Rahmi ◽  
Tomi Arianto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Acute Schizophrenia ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Recovery Treatment ◽  
Fictional Story

This research discussed about schizophrenia symptoms in Teddy alias Andrew Laedis that was acute and dangerous and also discussed the psychodrama treatment for Andrew. The main character is described to have a dangerous illness which is schizophrenia due to get from his traumatic events in world of war. Some of traumatic event that Andrew is experienced actually like when Andrew killed hundred soldier during the war in Dachau, his guilt because he did not bring his wife, Dolores to psychiatrists then unpredictable his wife killed her three children and drowning her child in a pond and regret for the rest of his life who was forced to kill his beloved wife until die and he finally lost all his family. Andrew cannot escape from the reality and without unconsciously he became experiencing mental disorder. The fictional story written by Dennis Lehane (2003.This novel was using the theory of psychoanalysis approach by Sigmund Freud. By using the concept of Sigmund's theory this research examined the symptoms of acute schizophrenia in Teddy alias Andrew's character which showed that his id is more dominant than his ego and the superego did not almost non-existent. Andrew points out three types of self defense mechanisms, namely, denial projections, regression and displacement. Meanwhile, the process of psychiatric recovery treatment by Dr. Cawley is used a psychodrama.

scholarly journals Childhood Adversities and Traumata in Lebanon: A National Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Itani ◽  
Youmna C Haddad ◽  
John Fayyad ◽  
Aimee Karam ◽  
Elie Karam
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
National Study ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Personal Trauma

Background: The goal of this paper is to map the total occurrence and evaluate the risk of co-occurrence of childhood adversities (CA) and a wide variety of childhood traumatic events (including war) in a national sample. Method: The nationally representative sample included 2,857 respondents and the instrument used was the Composite International Diagnostic Interview which screened for all CAs and traumatic events. Results: 27.9% experienced CAs; the most common were parental death and parental mental/substance use disorder. 70.6% experienced a war-related traumatic event during their lifetime, and around half of them (38.1%) experienced it below the age of 18 years. 51.3% of the subjects experienced a traumatic event not related to war during their lifetime, and 19.2% experienced it before the age of 18 years. Sexual abuse, being a refugee during war, and experiencing a natural disaster were associated with female gender. Having any CA was associated with active war exposure (OR: 4.2, CI: 2.0-8.6); war-related direct personal trauma (OR: 3.9, CI: 1.5-10.0); war-related trauma to others (OR: 2.4, CI: 1.3-4.4); non-war direct personal trauma (OR: 3.8, CI: 2.0-7.4); and any non-war childhood traumatic event (OR: 1.9, CI: 1.1-3.1). Conclusion:Childhood is awash with adversities and traumatic events that co-occur and should be measured simultaneously; otherwise, the effects of a subset of traumata or adversities could be wrongly thought to be the contributor to negative outcomes under study.

Social Desirability in the Assessment of Trauma

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Brunet ◽  
Caroline Boucher ◽  
Richard Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
City Bus ◽  
Lifetime Exposure ◽  
Exposure To Trauma

Since admitting distress is often considered undesirable, the role of social desirability as a moderator variable in the assessment of traumatic events scores, on the PTSD Interview, and diagnosis was investigated. A sample of 342 city bus drivers were grouped by their lifetime exposure to trauma (nonexposed, stressful but nontraumatic event, traumatic event). Analyses replicate and extend findings from the literature on life events: social desirability plays a marginal role as a moderator variable in the assessment of trauma.

Post-traumatic stress disorder: Women – Ecuador

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S216-S216
Author(s):  
V. Valdez ◽  
J. Veloz ◽  
D. Rueda ◽  
C. Santana
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Competing Interest

ObjectivesTo determine the incidence of traumatic events in Ecuadorian women exposed to domestic violence and other complex social situations and their relationship with PTSD.MethodsWe applied a transversal descriptive study accomplished by the INEC (National Institute of Statistics and Census). The INEC recruited Ecuadorian women from 15 years old and more, the surveys were focused on this population. In total, 18,800 rural and urban housings were selected all over the country, 24 provinces. Date of the survey: November 16–December 15 of 2011. A, D and G were taken as references for guidelines following the criteria diagnosis of DSM V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) to determine a Traumatic Event.ResultsThe average age of the sample was 28 years old. The standard deviation was 21, ages: 15–25 years old: 14.265 (21.6%), 25–35 years old: 9.324 (14.1%), 35–45 years old: 8.132 (12.3%), 45–55 years old: 6.283 (9.5%), 55–65 years old: 4.302 (6.5%), > 65 years old: 23.745 (35.9%). Prevalence of the traumatic event (DSM-V) 4.6%. Women experienced any kind of violence 60.6%: 61.4% urban, 58.% rural. Types of abuse: psychological: 53.9%, physical: 38.0; sexual, patrimonial: 35.3%. Domestic violence 76.0% y other types of violence 24.0%.ConclusionDomestic violence rate is high, also, in this study, we determined that women face an important index of violence during their daily activities. Psychological abuse is the highest abuse, higher in the urban areas. These results based on acute traumatic events may predispose women to develop PTSD. The prevalence of traumatic events must be an alert to the Mental Health Organizations, not only in Ecuador but also in Latin American.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Development of Chinese mental health first aid guidelines for assisting a person affected by a traumatic event: a Delphi expert consensus study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wenjing Li ◽  
Shurong Lu ◽  
Anthony F. Jorm ◽  
Brian Oldenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
English Language ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Expert Consensus ◽  
Mental Health First Aid ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
English Speaking

Abstract Background People who experience traumatic events have an increased risk of developing a range of mental disorders. Appropriate early support from people in a person’s social network may help to prevent the onset of a mental disorder or minimize its severity. Mental health first aid guidelines for assisting people who have experienced traumatic events have been developed for high-income English-speaking countries. However, they may not be appropriate for use in China due to cultural and health care system differences. The aim of this study was to develop culturally appropriate guidelines for people providing mental health first aid to people affected by traumatic events in China. Methods A Delphi expert consensus study was conducted with two panels of experts in mainland China. Experts recruited to the panels included 32 professionals with expertise in the treatment of people affected by traumatic events and 31 people with lived experience of trauma or their carers. Panel members were sent a Chinese translation of the questionnaire used for developing English-language mental health first aid guidelines. This contained 168 items describing how to help people experiencing a potentially traumatic event. Panelists were asked to rate the importance of each statement for inclusion in the Chinese guidelines. They were also encouraged to suggest any additional statements that were not included in the original questionnaire. Statements were accepted for inclusion in the adapted guidelines if they were endorsed by at least 80% of each panel as very important or important. Results Consensus was achieved after three survey rounds on 134 statements for inclusion in the adapted guidelines for China, with 127 adopted from the guidelines for English-speaking countries and 7 new items from the comments of panelists. Conclusions While many of the statements are similar to the guidelines for English-speaking countries, the panelists adapted the guidelines to China’s context, including more detailed actions on how to discuss trauma and to help the person. These guidelines will be used to form the basis of a Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training course for China, aimed at educating the public in providing support and advice to a person who is experiencing a potentially traumatic event. Further research is needed to investigate the use of the guidelines by the Chinese public and the implementation of MHFA training in appropriate settings in China.

scholarly journals Typology of Traumatic Events and Physical Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 919-920
Author(s):  
Gabriella Dong ◽  
Mengting Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Trauma Group

Abstract Individuals experience various traumatic events over the life course, but little is known about the patterns of lifetime exposure to traumatic events. This study aims to identify traumatic event typology and examine its relationship with physical function. Data were from the 2017-2019 PINE study (N= 3,125). Traumatic events were evaluated by earthquake, typhoon, tornado, residential fire, physical assault, robbery, sexual assault, divorce, bereavement, cancer, homeless, imprisonment, and falsely accused. Physical function was measured by activities of daily living (ADL), with lower scores indicating better physical function. Analysis was conducted using latent class analysis and the four-class model fits the data best. We identified four typologies: limited trauma, severe trauma, natural disaster, and mild-to-moderate trauma. The “limited trauma” (33.8%) has the lowest exposure to all traumatic events except typhoon and homeless. In contrast, an equivalent “severe trauma” (33.3%) has the highest exposure to all traumatic events except natural disasters. A small “natural disaster” (4.8%) has the highest exposure to natural disaster and moderate exposure to other traumatic events. The “mild-to-moderate trauma” (28.2%) has mild-to-moderate trauma exposures. The mild-to-moderate trauma group (M=0.38, SD=2.12) has better physical function than limited trauma (M=0.69, SD=3.08), severe trauma (M=0.61, SD=2.81), and natural disaster (M=0.71, SD=3.22) groups. After controlling confounding variables, the mild-to-moderate trauma group has lower risks of ADL impairment than the limited trauma group (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.47-0.93). The findings suggest mild-to-moderate exposure to traumatic events might benefit older adults’ health, while limited trauma might not be able to develop resilience and severe trauma overwhelms coping strategies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document