scholarly journals Unsupervised inference approach to facial attractiveness

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ibanez-Berganza ◽  
Ambra Amico ◽  
Gian Luca Lancia ◽  
Federico Maggiore ◽  
Bernardo Monechi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Community ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject

The perception of facial attractiveness is a complex phenomenon which depends on how the observer perceives not only individual facial features, but also their mutual influence and interplay. In the machine learning community, this problem is typically tackled as a problem of regression of the subject-averaged rating assigned to natural faces. However, it has been conjectured that this approach does not capture the complexity of the phenomenon. It has recently been shown that different human subjects can navigate the face-space and “sculpt” their preferred modification of a reference facial portrait. Here we present an unsupervised inference study of the set of sculpted facial vectors in such experiments. We first infer minimal, interpretable and accurate probabilistic models (through Maximum Entropy and artificial neural networks) of the preferred facial variations, that encode the inter-subject variance. The application of such generative models to the supervised classification of the gender of the subject that sculpted the face reveals that it may be predicted with astonishingly high accuracy. We observe that the classification accuracy improves by increasing the order of the non-linear effective interaction. This suggests that the cognitive mechanisms related to facial discrimination in the brain do not involve the positions of single facial landmarks only, but mainly the mutual influence of couples, and even triplets and quadruplets of landmarks. Furthermore, the high prediction accuracy of the subjects’ gender suggests that much relevant information regarding the subjects may influence (and be elicited from) their facial preference criteria, in agreement with the multiple motive theory of attractiveness proposed in previous works.

The detection and perceived intensity of noxious thermal stimuli in monkey and in human

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Kenshalo ◽  
F. Anton ◽  
R. Dubner
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Perceived Intensity ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Thermal Stimuli ◽  
Detection Speed ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Volar Surface

1. The magnitude of the sensations produced by small increases in thermal stimuli superimposed on noxious levels of heat stimulation was studied by the use of a simple reaction-time task. Noxious thermal stimuli were presented on the face of three monkeys, the forearm volar surface of three monkeys, and the face of four human subjects. The subject, either monkey or human, initiated a trial by pressing an illuminated button. Subsequently, a contact thermode increased in temperature from a base line of 38 degree C to temperatures of 44, 45, 46, or 47 degrees C (T1). After a variable time period lasting between 4 and 10 s, the thermode temperature increased an additional 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8 degrees C (T2). The subject was required to release the button as soon as the T2 stimulus was detected. Detection latency, expressed as its reciprocal, detection speed, was defined as the time interval between the onset of T2 and the release of the button. 2. The monkeys' detection speed to stimuli presented on the upper lip was dependent on the intensity of both T1 and T2. Increases in the intensity of T2 between 0.1 and 0.8 degrees C produced faster detection speeds. In general, as the intensity of T1 increased, the detection speed increased to identical T2 stimuli. The monkeys' T2-detection threshold was also dependent on the intensity of T1. 3. The psychophysical functions obtained from stimulation of the monkey's face were compared with those obtained from the volar surface of the monkey's forearm. Whereas the T2 thresholds obtained from stimulation of the monkey's forearm and face were similar, the psychophysical functions obtained from stimulation of the face were significantly steeper than those obtained from stimulation of the forearm. 4. The humans' detection speed of T2 stimuli presented on the face was monotonically related to the intensity of T2 and was dependent on the level of T1. The psychophysical functions obtained from the human's face were equivalent to those obtained from the monkey's faces. 5. A cross-modality matching procedure was used to examine the perceived intensity of pain sensation produced by T2 stimuli in human subjects. The magnitude estimates of these stimuli were dependent on the level of T1, as well as the intensity of T2. Detection speed, plotted as a function of the estimated magnitude of pain, independent of T1 and T2 temperature, was best fit by a logarithmic function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Conscious access to fear-relevant information is mediated by threshold

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Szczepanowski
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
The Subject

Conscious access to fear-relevant information is mediated by thresholdThe present report proposed a model of access consciousness to fear-relevant information according to which there is a threshold for emotional perception beyond that the subject makes hits with no false alarm. The model was examined by having the participants performed a confidence-ratings masking task with fearful faces. Measures of the thresholds for conscious access were taken by looking at the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves generated from a three-state low- and high-threshold (3-LHT) model by Krantz. Indeed, the analysis of the masking data revealed that the ROCs had threshold-like-nature (a two-limb shape) rather continuous (a curvilinear shape) challenging in this fashion the classical signal-detection view on perceptual processing. Moreover, the threshold ROC curve exhibited the specific y-intercepts relevant to conscious access performance. The study suggests that the threshold can be an intrinsic property of conscious access, mediating emotional contents between perceptual states and consciousness.

Emmanuel Levinas: Um estudo sobre a ética da alteridade

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abimael Francisco do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Transcendental Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Thought ◽  
Philosophical Criticism ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
First Philosophy

The general objective of this study is to analyze the postulate of the ethics of otherness as the first philosophy, presented by Emmanuel Levinas. It is a proposal that runs through Levinas' thinking from his theoretical foundations, to his philosophical criticism. Levinas' thought presents itself as a new thought, as a critique of ontology and transcendental philosophy. For him, the concern with knowledge and with being made the other to be forgotten, placing the other in totality. Levinas proposes the ethics of otherness as sensitivity to the other. The subject says here I am, making myself responsible for the other in an infinite way, in a transcendence without return to myself, becoming hostage to the other, as an irrefutable responsibility. The idea of the infinite, present in the face of the other, points to a responsibility whoever more assumes himself, the more one is responsible, until the substitution by other.

scholarly journals The Law Challenged and the Critique of Identity with Emmanuel Levinas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Petrilli
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Object Relation ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Orientation ◽  
New Humanism ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject

AbstractIdentity as traditionally conceived in mainstream Western thought is focused on theory, representation, knowledge, subjectivity and is centrally important in the works of Emmanuel Levinas. His critique of Western culture and corresponding notion of identity at its foundations typically raises the question of the other. Alterity in Levinas indicates existence of something on its own account, in itself independently of the subject’s will or consciousness. The objectivity of alterity tells of the impossible evasion of signs from their destiny, which is the other. The implications involved in reading the signs of the other have contributed to reorienting semiotics in the direction of semioethics. In Levinas, the I-other relation is not reducible to abstract cognitive terms, to intellectual synthesis, to the subject-object relation, but rather tells of involvement among singularities whose distinctive feature is alterity, absolute alterity. Humanism of the other is a pivotal concept in Levinas overturning the sense of Western reason. It asserts human duties over human rights. Humanism of alterity privileges encounter with the other, responsibility for the other, over tendencies of the centripetal and egocentric orders that instead exclude the other. Responsibility allows for neither rest nor peace. The “properly human” is given in the capacity for absolute otherness, unlimited responsibility, dialogical intercorporeity among differences non-indifferent to each other, it tells of the condition of vulnerability before the other, exposition to the other. The State and its laws limit responsibility for the other. Levinas signals an essential contradiction between the primordial ethical orientation and the legal order. Justice involves comparing incomparables, comparison among singularities outside identity. Consequently, justice places limitations on responsibility, on unlimited responsibility which at the same time it presupposes as its very condition of possibility. The present essay is structured around the following themes: (1) Premiss; (2) Justice, uniqueness, and love; (3) Sign and language; (4) Dialogue and alterity; (5) Semiotic materiality; (6) Globalization and the trap of identity; (7) Human rights and rights of the other: for a new humanism; (8) Ethics; (9) The World; (10) Outside the subject; (11) Responsibility and Substitution; (12) The face; (13) Fear of the other; (14) Alterity and justice; (15) Justice and proximity; (16) Literary writing; (17) Unjust justice; (18) Caring for the other.

An Approach for Humanizing Leadership Education: Building Learning Community & Stakeholder Engagement

2021 ◽  
pp. 105256292110413
Author(s):  
Shaista E. Khilji
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Learning Community ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Leadership Education ◽  
Leadership Studies ◽  
Leadership Development Programs ◽  
Critical Leadership ◽  
Critical Leadership Studies

In recent years, scholars have become critical of mainstream leadership development approaches. In particular, Petriglieri and Petriglieri refer to the dehumanization of leadership, whereby leadership breaks its ties to identity, community, and context. The purpose of this paper is to present an approach for humanizing leadership using the case example of George Washington University’s Organizational Leadership & Learning (OLL) program. Embedded in the critical leadership studies (CLS) approach, the humanizing principles, and the humanistic leadership paradigm, the OLL program’s leadership learning approach focuses on building a learning community and stakeholder engagement. I describe its pedagogical goals and instructional strategies that help promote a psychologically safe space where learners build trusting relationships, integrate diverse perspectives through respectful dialogues, and develop a sense of the “common good” and culture of equity through issue-centered learning. Using classrooms as “identity spaces” and “leadership learning laboratory” allows learners in the program to practice the co-construction of ideas through mutual influence and interactions. This paper makes a valuable contribution to developing future leadership development programs.

scholarly journals Construction and validation of competency frameworks for the training of nurses in emergencies

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Berchelli Girão Miranda ◽  
Alessandra Mazzo ◽  
Gerson Alves Pereira-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Content Validation ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Competency Frameworks ◽  
The Face ◽  
Practical Development ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Final Agreement

ABSTRACT Objective: to build and validate competency frameworks to be developed in the training of nurses for the care of adult patients in situations of emergency with a focus on airway, breathing and circulation approach. Method: this is a descriptive and methodological study that took place in three phases: the first phase consisted in a literature review and a workshop involving seven experts for the creation of the competency frameworks; in the second phase, 15 experts selected through the Snowball Technique and Delphi Technique participated in the face and content validation, with analysis of the content of the suggestions and calculation of the Content Validation Index to assess the agreement on the representativeness of each item; in the third phase, 13 experts participated in the final agreement of the presented material. Results: the majority of the experts were nurses, with graduation and professional experience in the theme of the study. Competency frameworks were developed and validated for the training of nurses in the airway, breathing and circulation approach. Conclusion: the study made it possible to build and validate competency frameworks. We highlight its originality and potentialities to guide teachers and researchers in an efficient and objective way in the practical development of skills involved in the subject approached.

scholarly journals Validity of Altman Z-Score Model to Predict Financial Failure: Evidence From Jordan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sufian Al-Manaseer ◽  
Suleiman Al-Oshaibat
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Financial Failure ◽  
Amman Stock Exchange ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Score Model

This paper aims to investigate the Validity of Altman z-score model to predict financial failure in insurance companies listed on Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) over the period 2011-2016. To achieve the goal of the study, the study depended on the different statistics analytical method and Multiple Linear Regression through doing the statistical analysis of the independent variables on the dependent variable related to the subject of the study through the (E-views) program in order to cover the analytical part of the study, in addition to the descriptive method through relying on books, periodicals, previous studies and financial reports of the insurance companies of the study’ sample, whether the direct or the indirect ones, to cover the theoretical part. The result of the study finds a high predictive power for Z-score model. Moreover, the findings reveal that Z-Score model could be valuable instrumental indicators for many users of financial statement such as financial managers, auditors, lenders, investors, to make right decisions in the face of financial failure.

scholarly journals Dyplomacja Nicolae Ceauşescu wobec przemian politycznych w Polsce w 1989 roku

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 239-258
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Communist Leader ◽  
Armed Intervention ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Gorbachev Era ◽  
Nicolae Ceausescu

Nicolae Ceauşescu’s Diplomacy in the Face of Political Changes in Poland in 1989 In 1989, Romania belonged to the communist countries, which particularly strongly attacked communist Poland for carrying out democratic reforms. For many months the diplomacy of communist leader Nicolae Ceaşescu tried to organize a conference of socialist countries on the subject of Poland, but as a result of Moscow’s opposition it did not come to fruition. During the Gorbachev era, the Soviet Union rejected the Brezhnev doctrine, while Romania actually urged its restoration. This was in contradiction with the current political line of Ceauşescu in favor of not interfering in the internal affairs of socialist countries. However, in 1989 it was a threat to communism, which is why historians also have polemics about Romanian suggestions for the armed intervention of the Warsaw Pact in Poland. In turn, Romania did not allow Poland to interfere in the problems of the Polish minority in Bukovina.

scholarly journals Visitando la ciudad de Tianshui. Una mirada a la cultura marcial de la Ruta de la Seda del Norte de China

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Stanley E. Henning
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject

<p>Tianshui city, located in China’s ancient cultural center in Gansu Province, includes a large rural area known as Qinzhou. This area houses pockets of traditional martial arts culture, which allow one to savor the past in the present, even in the face of China’s unprecedented economic development and social change in recent years. The picture described in this short article is based upon the author’s visits to Tianshui, most recently in 2007, on-site discussions with Professor Cai Zhizhong, who teaches martial arts in the physical education program of Tianshui Normal College, and Professor Cai’s writings on the subject. While the modernization taking place throughout China cannot help but have an influence on Tianshui’s traditional martial arts practices, one comes away hopeful that the strong historical awareness and sense of cultural pride exhibited by the area’s residents will insure a continuing role for Tianshui’s traditional martial arts.</p>

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