scholarly journals The influence of estrogen deficiency on the structural and mechanical properties of rat cortical bone

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10213
Author(s):  
Anna Shipov ◽  
Paul Zaslansky ◽  
Heinrich Riesemeier ◽  
Gilad Segev ◽  
Ayelet Atkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Menopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Lamellar Region ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background Post-menopausal osteoporosis is a common health problem worldwide, most commonly caused by estrogen deficiency. Most of the information regarding the skeletal effects of this disease relates to trabecular bone, while cortical bone is less studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of estrogen deficiency on the structure and mechanical properties of cortical bone. Methods Eight ovariectomized (OVH) and eight intact (control) Sprague Dawley rats were used.Structural features of femoral cortical bone were studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron-based microcomputer-tomography and their mechanical properties determined by nano-indentation. Results Cortical bone of both study groups contains two distinct regions: organized circumferential lamellae and disordered bone with highly mineralized cartilaginous islands. Lacunar volume was lower in the OVH group both in the lamellar and disorganized regions (182 ± 75 µm3 vs 232 ± 106 µm3, P < 0.001 and 195 ± 86 µm3 vs. 247 ± 106 µm3, P < 0.001, respectively). Lacunar density was also lower in both bone regions of the OVH group (40 ± 18 ×103 lacunae/mm3 vs. 47 ± 9×103 lacunae/mm3 in the lamellar region, P = 0.003 and 63 ± 18×103lacunae/mm3 vs. 75 ± 13×103 lacunae/mm3 in the disorganized region, P < 0.001). Vascular canal volume was lower in the disorganized region of the bone in the OVH group compared to the same region in the control group (P < 0.001). Indentation moduli were not different between the study groups in both bone regions. Discussion Changes to cortical bone associated with estrogen deficiency in rats require high-resolution methods for detection. Caution is required in the application of these results to humans due to major structural differences between human and rat bone.

scholarly journals The Effect of Single and Triple Testicular Biopsy Using Biopty Gun on Spermatogenesis in Pubertal Rats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
Ivana Kuzmić Prusac ◽  
Ivan Švagelj ◽  
Anđela Jurišić ◽  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The aim of this study was to compare consequences in single and triple testicular biopsy by biopty gun in pubertal rats using histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats were used as the experimental model. The rats were randomly divided into three study groups. The rats from the first group (n = 12) received a single-biopsy of upper pole of the left testis, while the rats from the second group (n = 10) received triple-biopsy of upper and lower poles and lateral surface of left testis. The third group (n = 10) was a control group. On the eightieth day after the biopsy in all rats bilateral orchiectomy and funiculectomy were performed to obtain testicular tissue and sperm for analysis. The consequences of the puncture were observed by pathohistology, immunohistochemistry and semen analysis. Results: The results of the study showed lower percentage of sperm count (14.5 mill/mL vs. 16 mill/mL, p = 0.130), sperm motility (24.6% vs. 32.7%, p > 0.05), abnormal sperm (30% vs. 27%, p > 0.05), atrophic tubules (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), volume (1.7 mL vs. 2.28 mL, p < 0.01) and apoptotic index (1.56 vs. 1.19, p = 0.650) in the testes with a triple-biopsy compared to the testes with a single-biopsy. Semen analysis showed a borderline significant difference between the group with triple-biopsy where sperm count was lower than it in the control group (14.5 mill/mL vs. 17.5 mill/mL, p = 0.05). A single-biopsy has little effect on the testis, especially on overall fertility. A triple-biopsy showed higher degree of the testicular damage but without a significant impact on overall fertility. Semen analysis showed that single- and triple-biopsies did not have a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology. Conclusion: Biopty gun procedure is a cheap, simple and reliable method for testicular biopsy in rats without a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology.

Abstract P163: Effects of Erythropoietin and Erythropoietin-receptor Materials in Blood Pressure, Hematocrit and Body- Spleen Weight Variability

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary S Lee ◽  
John S Lee ◽  
Jong Y Lee ◽  
Franz Halberg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Erythropoietin Receptor ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley

Adversity with erythropoietin (Epo) treatment (Epo-Rx) is grim in the cardio-cerebrovascular system. Because circadian rhythmic variability is an important aspect of cardiovascular function, we evaluated circadian blood pressure (BP), hematocrit (Hct), body and spleen weight (BW, SW) variability immediately before and after 4-week, twice-weekly course of Epo-Rx (50 U/kg) along with physiological saline (control), pure human Epo-receptor protein (Epo-bp) and anti-Epo-bp antibody (αEpo-bp) groups at midnight, 4 AM, 8 AM, noon, 4 PM and 8 PM in Sprague-Dawley rats. In our earlier report, Epo-Rx increased BP, Hct and SW markedly overall compared with saline, Epo-bp, and αEpo-bp groups (Hypertension 2007;50:439-45). In this current report, variability (%) of BP, Hct, BW and SW are compared. Epo-bp treated BP Variability (BPV) was lower than others (9.5 vs. 15.5 control and others in similar values). Phase changes were noticed when exposed to Epo (daytime peaks in Epo, Epo+Epo-bp and Epo+αEpo-bp). Hct variability (HctV) in Epo and Epo-bp treated groups shows somewhat lower than in control group (18.3 in C vs. 13.3, 12.9, and 19.4 in Epo, Epo-bp and αEpo-bp, respectively). However, Epo effect was additive to HctV when Epo was added to Epo-bp or αEpo-bp (32.0 and 30.4, respectively). All 5-study groups showed phase changes, although Epo-exposed groups had a much greater magnitude with markedly increased Hct (peak at 19:00 in control and 5 study groups during the daytime through noon-hour peaks). BW variability is similar in each group (except lower BW in the Epo-group) with various peak hours but SW variability (SWV) showed a similar pattern as shown in HctV. Best treatment times for Epo, Epo+Epo-bp and Epo+αEpo-bp were estimated: BP at 4 PM, 4 AM and 4 AM, respectively; Hct at 4 AM and both at midnight, respectively; SW at midnight, 8 PM and noon, respectively. Thus, significantly increased BPV, HctV and SWV in Epo-Rx than those of other groups and extremely increased Hct resulted in splenomegaly.

scholarly journals Comparing the effects of manual and ultrasonic instrumentation on root surface mechanical properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sohail Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Root Planing ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the current study is to analyze the surface profiles of healthy and periodontal-treated roots. In addition, manual and ultrasonic instrumentation methods have been compared in terms of surface mechanical properties of root surfaces including surface roughness, hardness, and elastic modulus. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using extracted teeth that were randomly divided into two study groups (1 and 2). Root planing was performed using either Gracey curettes (Group 1) or ultrasonic scaler (Group 2). The noncontact profilometer was used to analyze surface roughness before and after root planing. A nanoindenter was used to analyze the surface mechanical properties. Results: The root planing treatment reduced the peak and valley heights hence decreasing the surface roughness. The average maximum height of peaks (Sp) and average maximum height of valleys (Sv) for control groups remain 83.08 ± 18.47 μm and 117.58 ± 18.02 μm. The Sp was reduced to 32.86 ± 7.99 μm and 62.11 ± 16.07 μm for Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The Sv was reduced to 49.32 ± 29.51 μm for Group 1 and 80.87 ± 17.99 μm Group 2. The nanohardness and modulus of elasticity for cementum of the control group remain 0.28 ± 0.13 GPa and 5.09 ± 2.67 GPa, respectively. Conclusions: Gracey curettes and ultrasonic scalers are capable of significantly reducing the roughness following root planing. Although Gracey curettes produced smoother surfaces than ultrasonic scalers, there was no significant difference.

scholarly journals Effect of Surface Treated Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles on Some Mechanical Properties of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Zayed ◽  
Ahmad M. Alshimy ◽  
Amal E. Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Silicone Elastomer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Natural Behavior ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues

Current materials used for maxillofacial prostheses are far from ideal and there is a need for novel improved materials which mimic as close as possible the natural behavior of facial soft tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding different concentrations of surface treated silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2) on clinically important mechanical properties of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer. 147 specimens of the silicone elastomer were prepared and divided into seven groups (n=21). One control group was prepared without nanoparticles and six study groups with different concentrations of nanoparticles, from 0.5% to 3% by weight. Specimens were tested for tear strength (ASTM D624), tensile strength (ASTM D412), percent elongation, and shore A hardness. SEM was used to assess the dispersion of nano-SiO2within the elastomer matrix. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Scheffe test (α=0.05). Results revealed significant improvement in all mechanical properties tested, as the concentration of the nanoparticles increased. This was supported by the results of the SEM. Hence, it can be concluded that the incorporation of surface treated SiO2nanoparticles at concentration of 3% enhanced the overall mechanical properties of A-2186 silicone elastomer.

scholarly journals Osteoprotegerin and its ligands for regulating the osteal resorption: experimental and clinical application aspects under estrogen deficiency conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
S. V. Yureneva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
Post Menopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Menopausal Osteoporosis

Modem conceptions concerning the role of OPG-RANK-RANKL system in a local paracrinic mechanism of the regulation of osteoclastogenesis and osteal resorption processes are presented in this article. Here, results of the first clinical researches of prognostic signification of ORG determinations for estimating disruption manifestations in osteal metabolism under estrogen deficiency conditions as well as data on the OPG use as an anti-resorbable agent at the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Effect of a Carbohydrate-Rich Diet on Rat Detrusor Smooth Muscle Contractility: An Experimental Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mustafa Suat Bolat ◽  
Sırrı S. Bilge ◽  
Ekrem Akdeniz ◽  
Onder Cinar ◽  
Fatih Firat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Response ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Detrusor Muscle ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Detrusor Contractility

Objectives. We aimed to investigate the effect of a carbohydrate-rich diet on detrusor contractility in rats. Materials and Methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups. The control group received regular food and water. The study group received carbohydrate-rich diet for six weeks. The rats’ detrusor muscle was isolated for pharmacological and histopathological examinations. Results. In the control and study groups, mean body weights were 431.5 ± 27.6 g and 528.0 ± 36.2 g, respectively (p < 0.001). Electrical stimulation of the detrusor strips of the control group resulted in gradual contraction. A decreased contractile response was shown in the study group. Acetylcholine in 10-7-10-3 molar concentration produced a decreased contractile response in the study group, compared to the control group (p < 0.01). The study group showed marked subepithelial and intermuscular fibrosis in the bladder. Conclusion. Carbohydrate-rich diet causes marked subepithelial and extracellular fibrosis and changes in contractility in the detrusor within a six-week period. Changes have higher costs in therapeutic choices and correction of these changes remains difficult. Putting an end to carbohydrate-rich diet would seem to be more cost-effective than dealing with the effects of consuming it in high proportions which should be the national policy worldwide.

Anti-osteoporotic effect of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. In bilateral ovariectomized induced post-menopausal osteoporosis in experimental rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimisha Kakadia ◽  
Niranjan Kanaki
Keyword(s):  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Femoral Bone ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Post Menopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Menopausal Osteoporosis

Abstract Objectives In ancient times Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (TA) was used for fast healing of fracture and to strengthen the bone. However, no scientific study has been done to validate its usefulness in the alleviation of osteoporosis. To investigate the efficacy of stem bark TA against post-menopausal osteoporosis using bilateral ovariectomized rat model. Methods Aqueous (TAA) and methanolic (TAM) extracts of TA was evaluated for its anti-osteoporotic activity. Sham control rats were allotted as Group I (Normal control); Group II animals acted as OVX control (Disease control); Group III OVX rats were treated with estrogen (Standard group – 2 mg/kg) Group IV and V OVX rats give treatment to TAA (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.), respectively. This treatment is continue for the four weeks and at the end, serum biochemical parameters such as serum calcium and alkaline phosphate were evaluated. Femoral bone parameters (Compression of vertebrae, femoral neck load testing, Three point bending of tibia, Femur length and weight), histology, body weight, and fifth lumbar vertebra breaking strength were also assessed after the sacrificing the animal. Results In OVX rats, atrophy of uterus and descent of BMD were suppressed by treatment with TAA and TAM. In addition, TAM 500 completely corrected the decreased serum concentration of Calcium, Phosphorus, ALP and TRAP observed in OVX rats. TAA and TAM both increased biomechanical strength significantly in comparison to the sham group. Histological results also revealed its protective action through elevation of bone formation. TAM significantly increase the uterine and femoral bone weight The TAM showed maximum anti-osteoporotic activity in in vivo study as compare to TAA. Conclusions The results, evaluated on the basis of biochemical, bone mineral density, biomechanical, and histopathological parameters, presented that TAA and TAM has a definite antiosteoporotic effect, like to estrogen, especially effective for inhibition bone fracture induced by estrogen deficiency.

scholarly journals Hemostatic and Histopathological Effects of Local Mineral Zeolite and Tranexamic Acid in Experimental Femoral Artery Bleeding Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
Müzeyyen Seda Altop ◽  
Özge Özdal Zincir ◽  
Meral Ünür ◽  
Necat Vakur Olgaç ◽  
Sevgi Özyeğin
Keyword(s):  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Summary Background/Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of local zeolite and tranexamic acid application on hemostasis duration and histopathological changes in the experimental bleeding model, created by puncturing femoral arteries in rats. Material and Methods: A total of 36 Sprague Dawley female rats weighing an average of 240 ± 20 g were used in the study. The three main study groups were the zeolite, zeolite+tranexamic acid, and control groups. Each group was sacrificed on the seventh and fourteenth days of the study, using subgroups for histopathological findings. After piercing the femoral artery of each rat, one gram of the material assigned to the group was applied to the bleeding site after which a 100-gram scale weight was placed on the site for 30 sec intervals, during which temperature was measured. The same sequence of procedures was repeated for the control group, using only standard compression. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 15 statistical software. Significance was evaluated at the level of p< 0.05. Results: The bleeding stop time of the control group was significantly longer than the zeolite and zeolite+tranexamic groups (p< 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the zeolite and zeolite+tranexamic groups’ bleeding stop times (p> 0.05) or between the mean wound temperatures of the control and zeolite+tranexamic acid groups when bleeding stopped (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The effectiveness of the zeolite group and zeolite+tranexamic acid mixture is more than the control group in ensuring bleeding control. Their efficacy has been clearly observed in providing hemostasis. In addition, it has been determined that zeolite tranexamic acid mixture causes less exothermic reaction than zeolite group. We believe that this new formula should be developed and used to guide new studies.

scholarly journals Influence of Gastrectomy on Cortical and Cancellous Bones in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Iwamoto ◽  
Yoshihiro Sato ◽  
Hideo Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Femoral Diaphysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Osteoid Surface ◽  
Cortical Bone Mass

The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of gastrectomy (GX) on cortical and cancellous bones in rats. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into the two groups of 10 animals each: a sham operation (control) group and a GX group. Seven weeks after surgery, the bone mineral content and density (BMC and BMD, resp.) and the mechanical strength of the femur were determined, and bone histomorphometric analyses were performed on the tibia. GX induced decreases in the BMC, BMD, ultimate force, work to failure, and stiffness of the femoral distal metaphysis and the BMC, BMD, and ultimate force of the femoral diaphysis. GX induced a decrease in cancellous bone mass, characterized by an increased osteoid thickness, osteoid surface, osteoid volume, and bone formation. GX also induced a decrease in cortical bone mass, characterized by increased endocortical bone resorption. The GX induced reductions in the bone mass and strength parameters were greater in cancellous bone than in cortical bone. The present study showed that the response of bone formation, resorption, and osteoid parameters to GX and the degree of GX-induced osteopenia and the deterioration of bone strength appeared to differ between cortical and cancellous bones in rats.

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