Chemical composition of Luffa aegyptiaca Mill., Agave durangensis Gentry and Pennisetum sp.

The particleboard industry faces problems of wood shortage, which has led to the use of non-wood lignocellulosic materials. Furthermore, there is also interest in looking for materials that improve their physical and mechanical properties. The species Luffa aegyptiaca Mill. (fruit), Agave durangensis Gentry (bagasse) and Pennisetum sp. (plant, leaves and stem) could be used in the elaboration of wood-based particleboards. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of using these materials to produce particleboards in accordance with their chemical composition. Five materials were studied, A. durangensis (bagasse), L. aegyptiaca (fruit) and Pennisetum sp. (whole plant, leaves and stem). Extractives, holocellulose, Runkel lignin and ash content was determined. The pH of the fibers was also measured and a microanalysis of the ash was performed. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were carried out, in addition Tukey and Dunn tests for group comparison were performed. Pennisetum sp. leaves presented the highest total extractives and ash content, while L. aegyptiaca fruit and A. durangensis bagasse had the highest both content of holocellulose and Runkel lignin respectively. The lowest pH was presented by the L. aegyptiaca fruit, while the highest was from the Pennisetum sp. stem. The element with the greatest presence in the five materials was potassium, except in A. durangensis bagasse showing calcium. L. aegyptiaca fruit has better characteristics to be used in particleboards with greater mechanical resistance because of its higher holocellulose content. However, Pennisetum sp. (plant, leaves and stem) could be used to make particleboards with high resistance to water absorption.

Download Full-text

Basic chemical composition of Pinus spp. sawdust from five regions of Mexico, for bioenergetic purposes

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.1.816-824 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 816-824

Author(s):

Jonathan Sergio Chávez-Rosales ◽

Luis Fernando Pintor-Ibarra ◽

Nicolás González-Ortega ◽

Rocio Orihuela-Equihua ◽

Faustino Ruiz-Aquino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Nuevo Leon ◽

Pine Sawdust ◽

Solid Biofuels ◽

Nuevo León ◽

Forest Industries ◽

Total Extractives ◽

Pinus Spp

The basic chemical composition and calorific value of 19 samples of pine sawdust from different forest industries located in five states of the Mexican Republic (Chihuahua, Michoacán, Durango, Oaxaca, and Nuevo León) were determined. The results obtained ranged as follows: total extractives (6.1% to 23.4%), holocellulose (60.1% to 70.4%), lignin (20.5% to 25.8%), ash (0.27% to 0.95%), pH (4.1 to 5.3), and calorific value (20.1 MJ/kg to 21.0 MJ/kg). Except for the ash content, significant statistical differences were found according to the origin of the pine sawdust samples. Based on the results obtained, the sawdust biomass has the potential to obtain densified solid biofuels.

Download Full-text

Leaf and stem chemical composition of divergent alfalfa cultivars

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1104505m ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 1505-1511 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Milic ◽

Dj. Karagic ◽

S. Vasiljevic ◽

A. Mikic ◽

B. Mijic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Unit Area ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Plant Part ◽

Field Crop ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Perennial Crop ◽

Whole Plant

Alfalfa is a perennial crop that provides a higher yield of proteins per unit area than any field crop, which makes it highly desirable for the production of hay and feed for domestic animals (especially ruminants). The objective of this study was to determine the dry matter chemical composition in the whole plant, leaves and stems of five divergent alfalfa cultivars. Variations were found in the contents of proteins, hemicellulose, NDF, ADF, ADL, cellulose, and minerals depending on genotype and plant part. Significant differences existed between the cultivars in quality parameters, indicating that breeding for high alfalfa quality is justifiable.

Download Full-text

Yield, Chemical Composition and Ruminal Fermentability of Corn Whole Plant, Ear, and Stover as Affected by Maturity

jpa ◽

10.2134/jpa1989.0357 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 357-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

C. W. Hunt ◽

W. Kezar ◽

R. Vinande

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Whole Plant

Download Full-text

QUALITY OF REACTION WOOD IN Eucalyptus TREES TILTED BY WIND FOR PULP PRODUCTION

CERNE ◽

10.1590/01047760201723032286 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 291-297

Author(s):

Walter Torezani Neto Boschetti ◽

Juarez Benigno Paes ◽

Graziela Baptista Vidaurre ◽

Marina Donária Chaves Arantes ◽

João Gabriel Missia da Silva

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Basic Density ◽

Kraft Pulping ◽

Normal Wood ◽

Reaction Wood ◽

Opposite Wood ◽

Holocellulose Content

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the quality of normal, tension and opposite wood of eucalyptus trees lengthwise, in straight and inclined stems, affected by wind action. It also aims to explain the pulping parameters resultant from the quality of the wood. The trees were grouped into four tilt ranges, ranging from 0 to 50º, and the basic density, chemical composition of the wood, and performance in kraft pulping were assessed. Normal and tension wood had similar basic densities; while for opposite wood, the density was lower, being responsible for a decrease in reaction wood density. The chemical composition of the wood was influenced by the presence of reaction wood in the stem. Tension and opposite wood showed lower levels of extractives and lignin and higher holocellulose content when compared to normal wood, with favorable wood quality for pulping. The increase in holocellulose content and the reduction of lignin and extractives content contributed positively to a more delignified pulp and reduction of the Kappa number. However, after cooking the reaction wood under the same conditions as those of normal wood, reaction wood pulping tends to have a lower screen yields. Due to differences in basic density and chemical constituents between opposite and normal wood, it is recommended not to designate the opposite wood as normal wood.

Download Full-text

Possibility to use waste tire waste in the composition of mixtures for the manufacture of cement blocks

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i9.6773 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e69996773

Author(s):

Maria Gabriela Araujo Ranieri ◽

Maria Auxiliadora de Barros Martins ◽

Patrícia Capellato ◽

Mirian de Lourdes Noronha Motta Melo ◽

Adilson da Silva Mello

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Maximum Stress ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Structural Function ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Natural Sand ◽

Waste Tires ◽

Made In

The modern lifestyle has led to an increase in the amount of solid waste in the world, and waste tires are one of the most generated. Annually billions of tons of waste tires are produced, so in this study, we sought to reuse them to make materials for civil construction. For this, a laboratory research was carried out where samples were made in 50 x 100 mm cylinders with traces of 0, 10, 15 and 20% (by weight) of waste, in addition to cement, natural sand and water. The granulometric distribution of waste tires and sand was also carried out. And, with the samples in cylinders, the physical and mechanical properties were evaluated, such as water absorption and apparent density, in addition to the analysis of the mechanical resistance to compression and the modulus of elasticity. The results showed that the granulometric distribution of the tire residue fits as a fine aggregate, similar to the sand granulometry. The water absorption rate of the waste specimens was less than 10%. However, the mechanical resistance decreases proportionally as the amount of tire waste has increased. However, when analyzing the behavior of the stress x strain curves, the specimens containing residues, became more flexible, as they are capable of supporting loads beyond the maximum stress. In this way, the resistance and the ability to absorb energy were increased. We concluded that it is possible to incorporate certain quantities of waste tires in blocks for civil construction, but without a structural function.

Download Full-text

Effects of the Harvest Stage of Maize Hybrids on the Chemical Composition of Plant Fractions: An Analysis of the Different Types of Silage

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11080786 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 786

Author(s):

Egon Henrique Horst ◽

Valter Harry Bumbieris Junior ◽

Mikael Neumann ◽

Secundino López

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Important Distinction ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Acid Detergent Lignin ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Grain Formation ◽

Early Harvest

The chemical composition of plant components of three maize hybrids harvested at the beginning of six reproductive stages of maturity was compared. The hybrids evaluated included Maximus VIP3, Defender VIP and Feroz VIP, which were evaluated at each of following stages: R1 (grain formation), R2 (milky grain), R3 (pasty grain), R4 (floury grain), R5 (hard grain) and R6 (ripe grain). The advancement in maturation was linearly related to the crude protein (CP) content of the stem, whole plant, and leaves, and there was a difference among the hybrids. Between R4 and R5 stages, Maximus and Defender presented the highest CP contents for husk (6.58 and 5.42% for Maximus; 5.54 and 5.17% for Defender). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of the leaves showed a quadratic relationship with the advancement of maturation but did not differ among the hybrids. For all the hybrids, the NDF content in the husk and cobs increased linearly during the reproductive stages (>77 and 78%, respectively, for the three hybrids in R6). Defender had the lowest NDF content of the cob in R3. The acid detergent lignin contents did not differ among stages in the stems, and showed a linear decrease throughout the whole plant, though the contents did not differ among the hybrids. Due to the differences observed, recommendations for harvest based on the maturity stage for each hybrid should be taken into consideration. There seems to be no important distinction among hybrids for harvesting and use of straw. Despite the reduction in grain yield, an early harvest for earlage or snaplage can provide lower lignin content in husk and cob, as well as higher protein content in the husk, favoring the nutritional value of the vegetative fraction (husk and/or cob).

Download Full-text

PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG TERIGU DENGAN TEPUNG KENTANG HITAM (Coleus tuberosus) TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIKCOOKIES

Pro Food ◽

10.29303/profood.v4i1.79 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 304-310

Author(s):

Siska Cicilia ◽

Eko Basuki ◽

Agustono Prarudiyanto ◽

Ahmad Alamsyah ◽

Dody Handito

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Protein Content ◽

Water Content ◽

Wheat Flour ◽

Potato Starch ◽

Ash Content ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Alternative Materials ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Cookies is one type of populer biscuits. The basic ingredients of cookies are generally wheat flour. The availability of wheat flour in Indonesia is dependent on imports. To overcome this, the substitute of wheat flour is needed. Alternative materials can from tubers one of them is a black potato. The objective of this research were to substitute wheat flour with black potato starch for cookie manufacture and to analyze chemical composition and physical properties of cookies. The design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with flour flour treatment: black potatoes are 100%, 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%: 30%, 60%: 40%, and 50%: 50%. The addition of black potato starch cause a decrease in water content, protein content, fat content and increased ash content of cookies. The addition of potato starch up to 30% produces the preferred cookies that accepted by panelists.Key words: Coleus tuberosus, cookies, wheat flourABSTRAKCookies (kue kering) merupakan salah satu jenis biskuit yang banyak disukai oleh masyarakat dari berbagai kalangan. Bahan dasar pembuatan cookies umumnya adalah tepung terigu. Ketersediaan tepung terigu di Indonesia masih tergantung pada impor. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut maka diperlukan bahan alternatif pengganti terigu. Bahan alternatif bisa berasal dari umbi-umbian salah satunya adalah kentang hitam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensubstitusi tepung terigu dengan tepung kentang hitam pada pembuatan cookies serta menganalisa komposisi kimia dan sifat fisik cookies tersebut. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan tepung terigu tepung : kentang hitam yaitu 100%, 90% : 10%, 80% : 20%, 70% : 30%, 60% : 40%, dan 50% : 50%. Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium pengolahan pangan dan laboratorium kimia dan biokimia pangan Fatepa Universitas Mataram. Penambahan tepung kentang hitam menyebabkan penurunan kadar air, kadar protein, kadar lemak dan peningkatan kadar abu cookies.Penambahan tepung kentang sampai 30% menghasilkan cookies yang disukai panelis.Kata kunci: cookies, kentang hitam, tepung terigu

Download Full-text

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HYPHAL AND SCLEROTIAL WALLS OF SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII SACC.

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m67-019 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 137-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

I. Chet ◽

Y. Henis ◽

R. Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Ash Content ◽

Chemical Degradation ◽

Chemical Components

The chemical components of the sclerotial and hyphal walls of the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. are compared. Sclerotial walls contain a melanin-like pigment which is absent from hyphal walls. They are also higher in non-hydro-lyzable residue, in lipids, and in ash content. In both walls, glucose, mannose, and glucosamine are found after acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysates of sclerotial and hyphal walls contain 10 and 13 amino acids, respectively, L-arginine, L-serine, and L-proline being absent from sclerotial walls. The possible role of some of these components in the resistance of the sclerotia to biological and chemical degradation is discussed.

Download Full-text

PERBEDAAN KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN DAYA CERNA PATI TEPUNG JAGUNG DAN TEPUNG KECAMBAH JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) ◽

10.24843/itepa.2018.v07.i01.p05 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Willem Kurniawan Lombu ◽

Ni Wayan Wisaniyasa ◽

AAI. Sri Wiadnyani

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Starch Content ◽

Fat Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Starch Digestibility ◽

Corn Flour ◽

The Difference

This study aims to determine the difference of characteristic and starch digestibility of germinated and ungerminated flour. This study used randomized complete design (RCD) three repeated. The corn germinated for 36 hours. Corn germinated flour and ungerminated flour were evaluated directly of the chemical composition of the flour content, moisture content, ash content, protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, starch content and starch digestibility. The results showed the corn germinated flour has increased of moisture content from 9.66% into 10.38%, increased of protein into 7.22% into 8.45%, increased of fiber content from 2.28% into 2.79% and increased of starch digestibility from 57.04% into 62.43%. While were the decreased fat content from 5.17% into 4.76%, decreased of carbohydrate from 75.41% into 73.89% and decreased of starch content from 76.10% into 69.40%. The treatmented has no effect for the flour content decreased from 41.40% into 40.36% and ash content decreased from 2.52% into 2.51%. Germinated increased starch digestibility and changed the character of corn flour.

Download Full-text

COMPORTAMIENTO DE LA MADERA DE Pinus taeda IMPREGNADO CON ARSENIATO DE COBRE CROMATADO (CCA)

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v35i1.2429 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Teresa María Suirezs

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Pinus Taeda ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

Burnett Method ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

American Society ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Copper Arsenic

Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo, estudiar el comportamiento de las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de la madera de Pinus taeda L. impregnada por vacío-presión con preservador CCA (CrO3; CuO; As2O5) con tres retenciones, 5, 10 y 15 kg/m3. El proceso de impregnado se realizó, por el método Burnett, aplicándose presión y vacío de 7 kg/m2 y 0,5 kg/m2 respectivamente. Los ensayos de las propiedades físicas y mecánicas se determinaron según lo establecen, las Normas técnicas IRAM (Instituto Argentino de Racionalización de Materiales), ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) y DIN (Deutsche Industrie Norm). Las propiedades físicas como ser los pesos específicos aparentes no son afectadas por las retenciones de CCA en la madera. Las contracciones tanto en el sentido tangencial como radial en las maderas impregnadas son menores. Las propiedades mecánicas de resistencia a la flexión estática, compresión paralela a las fibras, tracción perpendicular a las fibras, disminuyen levemente sus valores promedios con respecto a la madera sin impregnar, pero estas diferencias no son estadísticamente significativas, para 95 % de confianza. La impregnación ha producido un efecto positivo en la dureza Janka transversal y en el corte paralelo a las fibras tangencial siendo estas diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Behaviour of the wood of Pinus taeda impregnated with Chrome, Copper, Arsenic (CCA) Abstract The physical and mechanical properties of the wood of Pinus taeda L. without impregnating and impregnating by empty - pressure with preserving CCA (Chrome, Copper, Arsenic) with three retentions, 5, 10 and 15 kg/m3 have been determined and analysed. The impregnation was accomplished in an autoclave applying the Burnett method. The physical and mechanical properties were determined according to the following technical Procedures; IRAM (Argentine Institute for Rationalization of materials), ASTM (American Society for Testing and Material) and DIN (Deutsche Industrie Norm). The results indicate that the specific weights of samples containing different percentages of humidity was not affected by the retentions of CCA in the wood. The shrinkage both in the tangential and radial directions in the impregnated samples were smaller in the impregnated sample. The mechanical resistance to statics flexion, compression parallel to the fibers, traction perpendicular to the fibers, hardness tangential and radial Janka and paralell radial cut, do not show statistically meaningful differences between impregnated and not impregnated samples; however the treatment has produced a positive effect in the hardness transverse Janka and in the parallel cut to the tangential fibers.

Download Full-text