scholarly journals Leaf and stem chemical composition of divergent alfalfa cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1505-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Milic ◽  
Dj. Karagic ◽  
S. Vasiljevic ◽  
A. Mikic ◽  
B. Mijic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Whole Plant

Alfalfa is a perennial crop that provides a higher yield of proteins per unit area than any field crop, which makes it highly desirable for the production of hay and feed for domestic animals (especially ruminants). The objective of this study was to determine the dry matter chemical composition in the whole plant, leaves and stems of five divergent alfalfa cultivars. Variations were found in the contents of proteins, hemicellulose, NDF, ADF, ADL, cellulose, and minerals depending on genotype and plant part. Significant differences existed between the cultivars in quality parameters, indicating that breeding for high alfalfa quality is justifiable.

COMPARISON OF GRAIN YIELD AND WHOLE-PLANT SILAGE PRODUCTION OF RECOMMENDED CORN HYBRIDS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. VATTIKONDA ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
The Relationship

A 2-yr study was conducted at Elora and Brucefield, Ont. to examine the relationship between grain yield following grain physiological maturity and whole-plant dry matter (DM) yield and quality determined at the stage desirable for ensiling. Quality parameters analyzed include in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) of the stover, IVD of the whole plant, stover lignin content and stover protein content. There was a significant linear relationship between the performance of hybrids for grain yield production and their yield for silage production. However, the relationship was not complete enough to permit reliable selection of hybrids for silage production based on grain yield performance (coefficients of determination were 0.23 and 0.25 for Elora and Brucefield, respectively). Grain dry matter content, however, provided a satisfactory estimate of whole-plant maturity for silage production. Coefficients of determination between grain DM content and whole-plant DM content were 0.71 and 0.53 for Elora and Brucefield, respectively. There was considerable variation among hybrids for lignin content and IVD of stover. Differences were much less for whole-plant IVD. The findings of this study support the need for separate evaluation trials for corn grown for whole-plant silage production as opposed to grain production.Key words: Zea mays, corn silage, grain yield, hybrid performance

Research on Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Green Fodder Used in Ecological Production of Eggs for Consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-687
Author(s):  
Gherasim Nacu ◽  
Maria Bologa ◽  
Cecilia Pop ◽  
Paul Corneliu Boisteanu ◽  
Daniel Simeanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Green Fodder

The aim of this paper is to study the chemical composition of a green fodder used in laying hens feeding raised in ecological system; organic fodder being an important condition to obtain organic eggs for consumption. In order to evaluate the chemical composition variations of the green fodder throughout the year, there were taken plants samples in three different vegetation stages (May, September and October). To each period, were done 5 determinations for the following indicators: dry matter - DM (%), ash - Ash (%), crude protein - CP (%), ether extract - EE (%), crude fiber -CF(%), nitrogen free extract - (NFE%) calcium � Ca(%), phosphorus - P(%), magnesium - Mg (%), natrium -Na(%). And also, were analyzed the relevant indexes for the organic production: lead -Pb (mg/kg DM), cadmium - Cd (mg/kg DM), cooper -Cu (mg/kg DM), zinc - Zn (mg/kg DM) nitrites (ppm), nitrates (ppm), pesticides. After analysis, it was noticed that dry matter, minerals, organic matter and protein content varied very significantly between the first period and the third (p �0.001), while the fat content, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract did not register significant differences (p �0.05). Regarding the minerals elements analyzed, P and Mg differed significantly distinctly between the first and the last analyzed period. The content of green fodder in Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn was below the limits allowed by current legislation. The analyses for pesticides have highlighted the lack of them in the fodder. The quality parameters of the analyzed green fodder, expressed through levels of pollutants such as heavy metals, nitrites, nitrates, pesticides, allow us to notify that the green fodders achieve the conditions necessary for organic production.

scholarly journals Production and nutritional quality of ryegrass forage grown in different population stands under successive cuts

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1291
Author(s):  
André Dochwat ◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Edelmir Silvio Stadler Junior ◽  
Bruno José Venancio ◽  
Emylli Pereira e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Whole Plant

The Brazilian livestock activity is undergoing constant evolution, and aiming at its maximum efficiency, it is necessary to have available to the animals food in quantity and quality all the year. To this end, the cultivation of winter forage is carried out. The present study aimed to evaluate the productive and qualitative agronomic traits of ryegrass forage. The experiment was a randomized block design in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting of six treatments, three plant stands (525, 1050 and 2095 plants m-2) associated with two successive cutting times (vegetative and full vegetative), and four repetitions. There was no interaction between population stand and cutting times for the variables studied. The stand of 525 plants m-2 had a higher participation of green leaves (50.52 %), higher digestibility of the whole plant dry matter (84.81 %) compared to the stands of 1.050 and 2.095 plants m-2, and dry biomass production per unit area equivalent to the others (6087, 7243 and 6989 kg ha-1, respectively). The first harvest season presented higher participation of green leaves and better leaf/stem ratio, 58.62 % and 3.41 % respectively, as well as higher digestibility of green leaves (77.26 %) and stem (80.82 %).

scholarly journals Variation for in vivo digestibility in two maize hybrid silages

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
R. Loučka ◽  
Y. Tyrolová ◽  
F. Jančík ◽  
P. Kubelková ◽  
P. Homolka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

The experiment was aimed at confirming that silages made of two very similar hybrids could have different in vivo digestibility, primarily amylase-treated neutral detergent fibre digestibility (aNDFD), which could strongly influence the result of the calculation of energy value of fodder. Both the stay-green whole-plant types were grown at the same locality during two years and harvested at the same days at two-thirds milk line maturity. In the two subsequent years, silages without preservatives were made of both hybrids tested. All silages were fermented for 90 days. The in vivo digestibility of silages was measured in digestion trials with six sheep. All silages had good fermentation quality, and no differences in that regard were found between hybrids or years (P > 0.05). Hybrid had stronger effect than year on all indicators of chemical composition and digestibility of nutrients other than dry matter (DM). Hybrid significantly affected all indicators measuring chemical composition and digestibility of nutrients other than DM (P = 0.18). The aNDFD was closely correlated with all other measures of nutrients digestibility (P < 0.01). The results confirm the importance of breeding hybrids and analyzing silages for aNDFD.

EFFECT OF GROWING YEAR AND APPLICATION OF A MULTI-YEAR CALIBRATION FOR PREDICTING QUALITY PARAMETERS BY NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY IN WHOLE-PLANT CORN FORAGE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. VALDES ◽  
G. E. JONES ◽  
G. J. HOEKSTRA
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Whole Plant

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy analysis (NIRA) to predict quality parameters in whole-plant corn forage was investigated. Quality parameters studied included acid detergent fiber (ADF), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and crude protein (CP). Samples of whole-plant corn forage were collected during three growing years (1984, 1985, 1986) across six geographical locations in Ontario, Canada and were harvested at an average 35% dry matter content. Samples were randomly divided into two sets: a calibration (CAL) set to develop NIRA equations and a testing (TEST) set to validate these equations. NIRA calibrations for ADF, IVDMD and CP percent were performed for each growing season across locations. A multi-year calibration was also developed with samples drawn from the three growing years. The accuracy of the NIRA predictions was assessed by the standard error of the estimate (SEE), bias or the mean difference between laboratory and NIRA data, the coefficient of determination (r2) and the slope (b) of the regressions between laboratory and NIRA data. The single year calibrations showed good predictions for all quality parameters in samples drawn within the year. The SEE values in the TEST sets for single year calibrations varied from 1.6 to 1.9% for ADF, 1.5 to 2.3% for IVDMD and 0.3 to 0.5% for CP, respectively. However, recalibration was necessary every year because calibrations based on a single year failed to account for variances introduced by samples drawn from other years. The multi-year calibration predicted ADF, IVDMD and CP percent accurately regardless of year. The SEE and bias for ADF, IVDMD and CP percent for the TEST set were 1.6 and 0.1, 2.2 and 0.3, and 0.5 and 0.1, respectively. The success of the multi-year calibration encourage the possibility to develop a standard calibration for whole-plant corn.Key words: Near infrared reflectance analysis, calibrations, whole-plant corn forage, year, multi-year quality parameters

scholarly journals Chemical composition of Luffa aegyptiaca Mill., Agave durangensis Gentry and Pennisetum sp.

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10626
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Moreno-Anguiano ◽  
Artemio Carrillo-Parra ◽  
José G. Rutiaga-Quiñones ◽  
Christian Wehenkel ◽  
Marín Pompa-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Total Extractives ◽  
Holocellulose Content ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca

The particleboard industry faces problems of wood shortage, which has led to the use of non-wood lignocellulosic materials. Furthermore, there is also interest in looking for materials that improve their physical and mechanical properties. The species Luffa aegyptiaca Mill. (fruit), Agave durangensis Gentry (bagasse) and Pennisetum sp. (plant, leaves and stem) could be used in the elaboration of wood-based particleboards. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of using these materials to produce particleboards in accordance with their chemical composition. Five materials were studied, A. durangensis (bagasse), L. aegyptiaca (fruit) and Pennisetum sp. (whole plant, leaves and stem). Extractives, holocellulose, Runkel lignin and ash content was determined. The pH of the fibers was also measured and a microanalysis of the ash was performed. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were carried out, in addition Tukey and Dunn tests for group comparison were performed. Pennisetum sp. leaves presented the highest total extractives and ash content, while L. aegyptiaca fruit and A. durangensis bagasse had the highest both content of holocellulose and Runkel lignin respectively. The lowest pH was presented by the L. aegyptiaca fruit, while the highest was from the Pennisetum sp. stem. The element with the greatest presence in the five materials was potassium, except in A. durangensis bagasse showing calcium. L. aegyptiaca fruit has better characteristics to be used in particleboards with greater mechanical resistance because of its higher holocellulose content. However, Pennisetum sp. (plant, leaves and stem) could be used to make particleboards with high resistance to water absorption.

scholarly journals Effect of inbreeding and sex on rabbits meat quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Pałka ◽  
Dorota Maj ◽  
Władysław Migdał ◽  
Józef Bieniek ◽  
Olga Derewicka
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Ad Libitum

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inbreeding and sex on meat quality traits such as: acidity, colour, chemical composition and texture in New Zealand White and Belgian Giant Grey crossebred rabbits (n=84; 50♂:34♀). Two variants of crossing were used. Variant I - crossbred (F1) unrelated rabbits (RAB = 0) - received non - inbred rabbits (Fx = 0), variant II - crossbred (F1) related rabbits (full siblings RAB = 0.5) - received inbred rabbits (Fx = 0.25). After weaning at 35 days of age, animals were fed pellets ad libitum. Slaughter and dissection at 12 weeks of age were performed. After 45 min of slaughter pH loin (m. longissimus lumborum) and leg (m. biceps femoris), and the colour (L * - lightness, a * - redness, b * - yellowness) were measured. The results indicated that inbreeding had a significant effect on inerease of meat acidity in 45 min and after 24 h. Furthermore, the meat of inbred rabbits was a lightness and had smaller values of the redness and yellowness in 45 minutes and after 24 hours. Meat inbred animals contained less protein and ash, and more fat compared to meat non-inbred animals. Inbreeding did not affect significantly dry matter and water content in the meat. Texture parameters of inbred and non-inbred rabbits were similar. The level of inbreeding equal 25% affected negatively on meat quality traits such as acidity, colour and chemical composition. Sex does not differentiate the quality parameters of meat with the exception of yellowness in the 45th minute after slaughter.

FEATURES OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF ANCIENT AND MODERN VARIETIES OF WINTER RYE

1970 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
A. A. Torop ◽  
V. V. Chaykin ◽  
E. A. Torop ◽  
I. S. Brailova ◽  
S. A. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Productivity Potential

We compared peculiarities of the production process of the older and modern(created 80 years after) sorts of winter rye. It is determined that the specific coenotic productivity of a modern sort is 60.6% higher.This increase is due to higher number of productive sprouts per unit area and higher sprout weight. The coenosis of modern sorts is highly resistant to lodging. The modern sort has a 33.5% higher leaf surface index and a 17.7% higher share of the leaves in the upper tier, differing in their erectile orientation in space. As for the content of total chlorophyll in the dry matter of leaves and vagina, the modern sort is inferior to the older by 30.2%during theearing period, and by 17.5%during the milky-wax ripeness period.As for the content of total chlorophyll in the sowing area, the compared sorts were practically the same, but the ratio between chlorophyll a and c was noticeably different. As for the chlorophyll content in stems, in dry matter and in the area of ​​sowing, the modern sort is inferior by1.5 times and more to the older in both observation terms. The sorts differed in the biomass accumulation and its distribution between the parts during the vegetation period. To establish the ear productivity, the older sort used only the current photosynthesis products.In conditions of an unfavorable growth year, the modern sort used previously accumulated by leaves and re-utilized assimilates. The actual and potential productivity of an ear in a modern sort is higher by 77.4 and 68.0%, respectively, but the degree of its vegetative mass supply is lower by 48.6%.Only due to the higher, by 77.4%, utilization of the mass of the sprout, the modern sort binds a greater number of grains in the ear with a higherseparate mass.Since the sharp increase in the ear productivity potential was not accompanied by the same growth of the sprout vegetative mass, the modern sort, in unfavorable conditions for growth, has tensions in the relation system between the sprout vegetative mass and pouring grain. This may be the reason of the unstable achievedyield level.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mechanical Vibration during Transport under Model Conditions on the Shelf-Life, Quality and Physico-Chemical Parameters of Four Apple Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Dorota Walkowiak-Tomczak ◽  
Natalia Idaszewska ◽  
Grzegorz P. Łysiak ◽  
Krzysztof Bieńczak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Flesh Colour

The study assessed the changes in the quality and physical and chemical parameters of apples of four cultivars (‘Gala’, ‘Idared’, ‘Topaz’, ‘Red Prince’) subjected to mechanical vibration during transport under model conditions and after storage (shelf-life). Quality changes in apples were evaluated based on skin and flesh colour, total soluble solids, dry matter, firmness, titratable acidity, pH value, total polyphenol content, and antioxidant capacity. The vibration applied at a frequency of 28 Hz caused changes in the above parameters, which were visible also after storage and depended on the cultivar, but often did not show any clear trend or direction or were not statistically significant. The values of the total colour difference factor ΔE showed considerable variations in the skin colour but only small variations in the flesh colour of individual cultivars. Vibration resulted in a decrease in firmness. Variations in dry matter, total soluble solids, pH, and titratable acidity were small, often insignificant. Mechanical vibration and storage led to an increase in the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of all studied cultivars. The greatest stability of quality parameters, relatively high content of bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity were observed for ‘Red Prince’. The lowest quality parameters were noted for ‘Gala’. The analysed cultivars continued to show a high level of antioxidant capacity after treatment, which allows the conclusion that they remain a good source of bioactive compounds after transport and short-term storage.

scholarly journals Meat quality and fatty acid profile of the musculus longissimus lumborum in Czech Fleckvieh, Charolais and Charolais × Czech Fleckvieh bulls fed different types of silages

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bartoň ◽  
D. Bureš ◽  
V. Kudrna
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum

The effects of breed and diet containing different types of silages on meat quality parameters and fatty acid profile of m. longissimus lumborum (MLL) were evaluated in a total of 30 Czech Fleckvieh (CF), Charolais (CH) and Charolais × Czech Fleckvieh (CH × CF) bulls. The animals were fed two mixed diets: MS (based on maize silage) and LCS (based on legume-cereal mixture silage and lucerne silages) with different concentrations of dietary energy and fatty acids. The MLL from CH bulls had the lowest content of dry matter (P < 0.01), less protein (P < 0.01) and lighter meat (P < 0.01) compared to the CF. The extensive LCS diet reduced dry matter (P < 0.01) and intramuscular fat (P < 0.01) and increased the content of hydroxyproline (P < 0.05). The CH bulls exhibited higher PUFA n-3 (P < 0.05) and lower MUFA (P < 0.05) compared to the CF, with the CH × CF being intermediate. The LCS diet enhanced the proportions of PUFA (P < 0.05) and PUFA n-3 (P < 0.001) and reduced MUFA (P < 0.001). In conclusion, both breed and diet affected the meat quality and fatty acid profile of the intramuscular fat of the bulls. The replacement of maize silage with the legume-cereal mixture and lucerne silages in the diet reduced the concentration of intramuscular fat and improved its fatty acid profile from the human nutrition perspective.

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