Quantifying the effects of delisting wolves after the first state began lethal management

Predators and their protection are controversial worldwide. Gray wolves, Canis lupus, lost U.S. federal protection (delisting) and the State of Wisconsin began lethal management first among all states and tribes that regained authority over wolves. Here we evaluated the initial success of reaching the state’s explicit objective, “…to allow for a sustainable harvest that neither increases nor decreases the state’s wolf population…” We used official state figures for hunter-killed wolves, population estimates from April 2017–2020, and the latest peer-reviewed model of individual wolf survival to estimate additional deaths resulting from federal delisting. More than half of the additional deaths were predicted to be cryptic poaching under the assumption that this period resembled past periods of liberalized wolf-killing in Wisconsin. We used a precautionary approach to construct three conservative scenarios to predict the current status of this wolf population and a minimum estimate of population decline since April 2020. From our scenarios that vary in growth rates and additional mortality estimates, we expect a maximum of 695–751 wolves to be alive in Wisconsin by 15 April 2021, a minimum 27–33% decline in the preceding 12 months. This contradicts the state expectation of no change in the population size. We draw a conclusion about the adequacy of regulatory mechanisms under state control of wolves and discuss the particular governance conditions met in Wisconsin. We recommend greater rigor and independent review of the science used by agencies to plan wolf hunting quotas and methods. We recommend clearer division of duties between state wildlife agencies, legislatures, and courts. We recommend federal governments reconsider the practice of sudden deregulation of wolf management and instead recommend they consider protecting predators as non-game or transition more slowly to subnational authority, to avoid the need for emergency relisting.

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An appraisal of geohydrological status and assessment of groundwater quality of Indpur Block, Bankura District, West Bengal, India

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01389-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Moumita Palmajumder ◽

Susanta Chaudhuri ◽

Vikas K. Das ◽

Sisir K. Nag

Keyword(s):

West Bengal ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

The State ◽

Subsurface Water ◽

Current Status ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Estimation Of Parameters ◽

Drainage Pattern ◽

Magnesium Adsorption Ratio ◽

Bankura District

AbstractThe present work aimed to evaluate the overall hydro-geological status of Indpur block, Bankura district, West Bengal, India. Despite of having adequate annual precipitation, south-western districts of the state of West Bengal, India, are considered to be a significantly water-stressed area of the state. This is because of unfavorable geological setting near to subsurface occurrence of impervious lithology and inundated nature of surface drainage pattern. The study was carried out both in pre- and post-monsoon seasons of 2019 to obtain an updated current status on concentration and spatiotemporal fluctuations of controlling ions of the subsurface water. Estimation of major physicochemical parameters and specific qualitative chemical characterization of groundwater were rated through field and laboratory studies. Water samples were collected from twenty-two equidistantly scattered tube wells in the block. Seasonal variations of water table elevation heads and subsurface shift of predominant recharge zones of the block were also demarked. Drinking, domestic and irrigation suitability of the block water were measured by the estimation of parameters such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), Total Hardness (TH) and Kelly’s ratio (KR) and piper trilinear plots. Sustainable non-availability of groundwater seems to be the major problem of the studied area, which intern resulted in overexploitation, mostly for cultivation practices causing considerable depletion of its suitability as drinking and irrigation. Further, results show that suitability of the water both for domestic and irrigation of the studied area may be termed as ‘good’ to ‘moderate’ with a few exceptions on a local scale. Judging by every parameter, it can be stated that groundwater of Indpur block is not much suitable for drinking purposes.

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A Business Analysis Perspective for Engineering Education in Egypt

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v8i5.4721 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Ashraf Elsafty ◽

Hanaa El Sayad ◽

Ibrahim Shaaban

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Engineering Education ◽

State Government ◽

The State ◽

Current Status ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Knowledge And Skills ◽

Business Analysis ◽

Business Perspective ◽

Underlying Causes

This work examines engineering education in Egypt provided by state (government funded) universities. There have been concerns from all stakeholders about the graduates’ knowledge and skills. The chronic problems with higher education in Egypt in general have been previously reported in the Literature, but this paper provides insights form engineering academics with many years of experience in Egyptian engineering education and a fresh look from a business perspective at the phenomenon. In this manuscript, the institutions are analyzed using the integrated business anatomy model, in order to identify the underlying causes of the problems observed. The structural, operational and environmental (both external and internal) challenges that lead to the current status are clearly detected. The analysis highlighted several constraints that hinder radical reforms. Amongst these constraints is the legal and organizational framework in which the state funded universities operate. Other social, technological and economic factors also play important parts. The recipe for improvement provided by the authors has taken all these elements into consideration. This work hopes to provide focus and direction for future reform efforts.

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ЛОГІКА ВИКЛАДАННЯ ІСТОРІЇ ДЕРЖАВА І ПРАВА УКРАЇНИ ВІДПОВІДНО ДО КОНСТИТУЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ

Humanities journal ◽

10.32620/gch.2018.4.10 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 86-97

Author(s):

Григорій Юрійович Каніщев

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

Public Authority ◽

Academic Disciplines ◽

Current Status ◽

Political Struggle ◽

Public Authorities ◽

Developed Country ◽

History Of ◽

State Rights

History of State and law of Ukraine can be considered as one of the leading academic disciplines to modern lawyers because its purpose is to familiarize professionals with the historical experience of the development of statehood and the territory of modern Ukraine that directly or indirectly impact on the current status and the quality of the public authority in our country, on the relationship between the State and citizens, on the situation in Ukraine in the international arena, its image in the world, etc. Great value for the teaching and study of history of State and Law of Ukraine have changes that have been happening lately in higher legal education in our country. Besides necessary legal skills and knowledge, present-day and future lawyers have to understand the nature of law and the philosophy of human rights, the role of the bureaucracy in the functioning of the State organized by the society, the mechanism of distribution of public authorities, as well as to understand the ways of development of the State and its transition from a developing country to a developed country. The role of history of State and Law of Ukraine here is mapping the processes of historical evolution of relationships between the human and the State on the modern Ukrainian territory. This includes compliance with State rights, in particular political struggle of people for their rights in both peaceful and violent way (through an armed revolt against the authorities) etc. In this connection, educational courses and researches on the history of State and Law should pay much attention to the evolution of public authority as a result of the struggle of people for their rights.

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A Review and Comparison of the State-of-the-Art Techniques for Atrial Fibrillation Detection and Skin Hydration

Frontiers in Communications and Networks ◽

10.3389/frcmn.2021.679502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Sidrah Liaqat ◽

Kia Dashtipour ◽

Adnan Zahid ◽

Kamran Arshad ◽

Sana Ullah Jan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

State Of The Art ◽

The State ◽

Skin Hydration ◽

Hydration Level ◽

Independent Review ◽

Intelligent Models ◽

Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽

Fast Heart Rate ◽

Art Techniques

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common types of cardiac arrhythmia, with a prevalence of 1–2% in the community, increasing the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. Early detection of AF, typically causing an irregular and abnormally fast heart rate, can help reduce the risk of strokes that are more common among older people. Intelligent models capable of automatic detection of AF in its earliest possible stages can improve the early diagnosis and treatment. Luckily, this can be made possible with the information about the heart's rhythm and electrical activity provided through electrocardiogram (ECG) and the decision-making machine learning-based autonomous models. In addition, AF has a direct impact on the skin hydration level and, hence, can be used as a measure for detection. In this paper, we present an independent review along with a comparative analysis of the state-of-the-art techniques proposed for AF detection using ECG and skin hydration levels. This paper also highlights the effects of AF on skin hydration level that is missing in most of the previous studies.

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DESIGNING A LINGUISTIC PROFILE OF KHORTHA: A LESS RESOURCED LANGUAGE SPOKEN IN THE STATE OF JHARKHAND, INDIA.

Dialectologia ◽

10.1344/dialectologia2020.25.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Atul AMAN ◽

Niladri Sekhar DASH ◽

Jayashree CHAKRABORTY

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Communication ◽

Spoken Language ◽

Vital Role ◽

The State ◽

Current Status ◽

Language Resources ◽

Linguistic Identity ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Social Divisions ◽

Clear Idea

This paper describes the linguistic outline of Khortha language, which is spoken in the state of Jharkhand, India. Khortha is the second most spoken language after Hindi in the state of Jharkhand, with approximately 80 million speakers (As per the Govt. of India, census reports 2011). The paucity of the language resources in Khortha played a vital role in motivating us for the present work. The methodology adopted for the present study comprises linguistic field surveys (Dash & Aman 2015) and reviews on the earlier literature of Khortha. The current status and demographic profile of Khortha suggest its usage as a link language among the other indigenous language communities (i.e. Munda, Bedia, Kurmali, etc.) as well. The scope (usage) of the Khortha language within the various domains (i.e. administration, education, mass media, social divisions and religion, judiciary and interpersonal communication), as discussed in the paper, gives a clear idea of its usage and linguistic identity. This paper can be a helpful resource for the researchers in order to portray the current linguistic status of the language.

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CURRENT STATUS OF THE CALIFORNIA OYSTER INDUSTRY

Marine Research in Indonesia ◽

10.14203/mri.v20i0.386 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 115-130

Author(s):

Thomas L. Richards ◽

Phillip R. Taylor

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Crassostrea Gigas ◽

Pacific Coast ◽

The United States ◽

The State ◽

Current Status ◽

Oyster Culture ◽

Oyster Spat ◽

Oyster Cultivation

The oyster culture operation in Moro Bay is typical of the United States Pacific Coast Crassostrea gigas mariculture industry. Of this Bay's 1,000 hectares of marshes, tidelands and channels 400 hectares have been alloted by the State of California for private oyster cultivation. Approximately 180 hectares of this allotment are suitable for bottom and stake culture on a three-year growing cycle. Each year this 60 hectares is planted with cultch shell at the rate of 60 cases of cultch per hectare. Each case contains an average of 1,000 cultch shells with 10 oyster spat per shell. A typical survival rate of 30% yields, 3,000 liters of oyster meat per hectare after 36 months of growth.

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The study of the current status of the state regulation of medical and pharmaceutical providing of patients with orphan diseases in Ukraine

Socìalʹna farmacìâ v ohoronì zdorov â ◽

10.24959/sphhcj.16.25 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36

Author(s):

A. A. Kotvitska ◽

A. V. Cherkashyna

Keyword(s):

State Regulation ◽

The State ◽

Current Status ◽

Orphan Diseases

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Pattern and Potential Causes of White-faced Ibis, Plegadis chihi, Establishment in the Northern Prairie and Parkland Region of North America

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v121i1.392 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 121 (1) ◽

pp. 46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jill A. Shaffer ◽

Gregory A. Knutsen ◽

Ron E. Martin ◽

Joel S. Brice

Keyword(s):

North Dakota ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Missouri River ◽

The State ◽

Current Status ◽

Early 21St Century ◽

Nonbreeding Season ◽

The 1960S ◽

Nesting Activity

The Northern Prairie and Parkland Waterbird Conservation Plan calls for renewed attention to determining the current status of waterbird populations, their distributions, and conservation needs. It highlights the need for baseline information on the White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi). In response, we examined the historical and current distribution of the ibis in North Dakota and summarized first sightings and nest records for the provinces and other states composing the northern prairie and parkland region. The establishment of breeding colonies of White-faced Ibis here may be due to climate and precipitation patterns, invasion and spread of Narrowleaf Cattail (Typha angustifolia), changes in agricultural practices, habitat loss and range expansion in the southern and western portions of the species’ range, and increases in ibis populations in the Intermountain West. We placed special emphasis on North Dakota, a state for which there is scant published information concerning the current status of this species. In recent decades, the ibis has become a regular breeding-season resident in North Dakota and in other areas of the northern prairie and parkland region. From 1882 to 2002, there were 145 reports of one or more Whitefaced Ibis in North Dakota, including 93 reports during the breeding season (15 May to 31 August), 49 during the nonbreeding season (1 September to 14 May), and three for which the season of occurrence was not reported. Prior to the 1960s, there were only three records of the species in North Dakota. Observations of White-faced Ibises in North Dakota increased dramatically between the 1960s and the early 21st century, and the species has been observed nearly annually since 1971. The first White-faced Ibis nesting activity in the state was recorded in 1978, and to date, there have been 21 known records of nesting activity in the state. The species nested in large (>300 ha) semipermanent or permanent wetlands within mixed-species colonies ranging in areal extent from small (0.1 ha) to fairly large (27 ha), and colonies were located in patches of emergent vegetation dominated by cattails (Typha) and bulrushes (Scirpus). We classify the White-faced Ibis as a fairly common migrant and a locally uncommon breeder east of the Missouri River and a casual migrant west of the Missouri River.

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