scholarly journals The effect of different sowing dates on dry matter and nitrogen dynamics for winter wheat: an experimental simulation study

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11700
Author(s):  
Kaizhen Liu ◽  
Chengxiang Zhang ◽  
Beibei Guan ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Jointing Stage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Compensatory Effect

Background Timely sowing is an important agronomic measure to ensure the normal germination, stable seedling establishment, and yield formation for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Delayed sowing frequently occurs in the current multi-cropping system and mechanized production of this crop. However, the ways in which different sowing dates affect yield and its potential mechanism is still unknown in the middle-lower Yangtze River Basin. We sought to provide a theoretical basis for these mechanisms to improve regional wheat production. Methods We investigated the wheat’s yield differences in a two-year field study under different sowing dates and took into account related growth characteristics including meteorological conditions, growth period, tillers, dry matter accumulation (DMA), and nitrogen accumulation (NA). We used the logistic curve model to simulate DMA and NA dynamics of single stem wheat under different sowing dates. We then analyzed and compared wheat accumulation for different sowing dates. Results Our results showed that grain yield declined by 0.97 ± 0.22% with each one-day change (either early or delayed) in sowing beyond the normal sowing date. The yield loss could be explained by the inhibition of crop growth, yield components, biomass and nitrogen (N) production. The negative effects of delayed sowing were caused by environmental limitations including adverse weather factors such as low temperature during vegetative growth, shortened duration of various phases of crop development, and increased temperature during the grain-filling period. The grain yield gap decreased between the late and normal sowing periods owing to a compensatory effect between the highest average rates (Vt) and the rapid accumulation period (T) of DMA and NA for single stem wheat. The grain yield was maintained at 6,000 kg ha−1 or more when the ratio of DMA at the mature-to-jointing stage (MD/JD) and the ratio of NA at the mature-to-jointing stage (MN/JN) was 4.06 (P < 0.01) and 2.49 (P < 0.05), respectively. The compensatory effect did not prevent the impact caused by delayed sowing, which caused biomass and N production to decrease. Physiological development reached a maximal accumulation rate (Tm) of NA earlier than DMA.

scholarly journals Physiological and developmental traits associated with the grain yield of winter wheat as affected by phosphorus fertilizer management

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Xiu Chen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yuan Liang ◽  
Yu-Min Liu ◽  
Shi-Jie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Spike Number

Abstract Although researchers have determined that attaining high grain yields of winter wheat depends on the spike number and the shoot biomass, a quantitative understanding of how phosphorus (P) nutrition affects spike formation, leaf expansion and photosynthesis is still lacking. A 3-year field experiment with wheat with six P application rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg P ha−1) was conducted to investigate this issue. Stem development and mortality, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter accumulation, and P concentration in whole shoots and in single tillers were studied at key growth stages for this purpose. The results indicated that spike number contributed the most to grain yield of all the yield components in a high-yielding (>8 t/ha) winter wheat system. The main stem (MS) contributed 79% to the spike number and tiller 1 (T1) contributed 21%. The 2.7 g kg−1 tiller P concentration associated with 15 mg kg−1 soil Olsen-P at anthesis stage led to the maximal rate of productive T1s (64%). The critical shoot P concentration that resulted in an adequate product of Pn and LAI was identified as 2.1 g kg−1. The thresholds of shoot P concentration that led to the maximum productive ability of T1 and optimal canopy photosynthetic capacity at anthesis were very similar. In conclusion, the thresholds of soil available P and shoot P concentration in whole plants and in single organs (individual tillers) were established for optimal spike formation, canopy photosynthetic capacity, and dry matter accumulation. These thresholds could be useful in achieving high grain yields while avoiding excessive P fertilization.

scholarly journals Thermal Response of Spring–Summer-Grown Black Gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) in Indian Subtropics

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1489
Author(s):  
Purabi Banerjee ◽  
Bishal Mukherjee ◽  
Visha Kumari Venugopalan ◽  
Rajib Nath ◽  
Malamal Alickal Sarath Chandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
The Impact

The thermal environment of a crop is one of the prime factors enhancing growth and production by regulating its physiological processes at different phenophases. To study the impact of thermal regime on spring–summer-grown black gram (variety Pant Urd 31), an experiment was conducted with different sowing dates (from the first to the third week of March), soil application of cobalt (Co) and foliar sprays of potassium (K) and boron (B) in various combinations in the split–split plot design during 2020 and 2021. The first-week-of-March-sown crop recorded more accumulated growing degree-days (GDD), photothermal units (PTU) and heliothermal units (HTU) with a longer duration than the later sown crop. Higher daily mean temperature during the reproductive stage of the later sown crop compelled it to complete the phenophases earlier than the normally sown crop, leading to yield reduction. Soil application of Co at 4 kg ha−1 and foliar sprays of K at 1.25% and B at 0.2% mitigated the adversities of excess heat irrespective of sowing dates. Variations in GDD and HTU, respectively, explained variations of about 75.8% and 87.3% in the final dry matter accumulation and of 72.9% and 84.8% in seed yield through polynomial regressions in the respective years. The maximum mean thermal use efficiency (TUE) for biomass production (0.24 g m−2/°C/day−1) and seed yield (0.11 g m−2/°C/day−1) were observed with Co soil application and combined foliar sprays of K and B due to higher dry matter production or seed yield with lower heat units accumulation in the first sown crop.

scholarly journals Dry matter accumulation and remobilization in winter barley as affected by genotype and sowing date

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 751-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Mirosavljevic ◽  
Novo Przulj ◽  
Vojislava Momcilovic ◽  
Nikola Hristov ◽  
Ivana Maksimovic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Knowledge about the effect of genotypic variation and sowing date on dry matter accumulation, remobilization and partitioning in winter barley is important for crop management. Therefore, in field studies, six winter barley genotypes of various origin and maturity groups were studied across four sowing dates. In general, grain yield and dry matter content decreased with delayed sowing, after mid-October, and average grain yield in late October and November sowing was lower 14.2% and 16.9%, respectively, compared to the yield in the optimal sowing date. Among the tested genotypes, high grain yield and dry matter content was obtained from late and medium early barley genotypes. Delayed sowing dates, on average, reduced dry matter remobilization and contribution of vegetative dry matter to grain yield. In years characterized by high spring precipitation, late September and early October sowing of medium early and late barley genotypes enable increased accumulation and remobilization of dry matter and obtainment of high grain yield.

scholarly journals Dry matter accumulation of winter wheat and barley at different sowing dates

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Milan Mirosavljević ◽  
Vojislava Momčilović ◽  
Novo Pržulj ◽  
Lvana Maksimović ◽  
Marina Putnik-Delić
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Sowing Dates

Low-tillering winter wheat cultivars are more adaptable to late sowing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Lijun Yin ◽  
Chengxiang Zhang ◽  
Kaizhen Liu ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Late Sowing

Abstract Global warming increases the risk of pests and weeds before wintering, and decreases the grain yield of winter wheat. Therefore, the sowing date should be delayed properly. But the variety of winter wheat that can adapt to late sowing remains unclear. Here, we selected two winter wheat cultivars and evaluated four sowing date treatments on 1 October (early sowing), 8 (normal sowing), 15 (late sowing) and 22 (latest sowing) over two wheat-growing seasons at the experimental Station of Shandong Agricultural University (35°96′N, 117°06′E), Daiyue District, Taian, Shandong, China. We examined the effects of sowing date on a few traits, and found that, compared with normal sowing, though spike number decreased, grain yield was maintained above 9300 kg/ha under late and latest sowing. The main reason was that the more accumulated N from jointing to anthesis resulted in a higher grain number per spike. The higher net photosynthetic rate after anthesis, through optimizing N distribution in the canopy and increasing Rubisco content of flag leaves, improved dry matter accumulation rate and contribution ratio of vegetative organs, ultimately, ensured consistent grain weight. The grain yield of high-tillering winter wheat cultivars decreased from 9370 to 8346 kg/ha. The main reason was that spike number, accumulated N from jointing to anthesis and net photosynthetic rate decreased significantly, which reduced the dry matter accumulation rate, and only satisfied less grains to achieve consistent grain weight. Therefore, low-tillering winter wheat cultivars are more adaptable to late sowing, and can reduce the harm of global warming.

Tillage practices affect dry matter accumulation and grain yield in winter wheat in the North China Plain

2016 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shi ◽  
Zhenwen Yu ◽  
Jianguo Man ◽  
Shangyu Ma ◽  
Zhiqiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Assimilation and Translocation Regulate Grain Yield Formation in Wheat Crops (Triticum aestivum L.) under Post-Flowering Waterlogging

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2209
Author(s):  
Shangyu Ma ◽  
Panpan Gai ◽  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
Najeeb Ullah ◽  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Days After Anthesis

In a two-year field study, we quantified the impact of post-flowering soil waterlogging on carbon assimilation and grain yield formation in wheat crops. At anthesis, wheat cultivars YangMai 18 (YM18) and YanNong 19 (YN19) were waterlogged for different durations i.e., 0 (W0), 3 (W3), 6 (W6) and 9 (W9) days using artificial structures. Changes in leaf physiology, carbon assimilation and biomass production were quantified at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days after anthesis under all treatments. Short-term (W3) waterlogging had no significant effect on wheat crops but W6 and W9 significantly reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaf SPAD value, and grain weight of the tested cultivars. Increasing waterlogging duration significantly increased dry matter accumulation in the spike- axis + glumes but reduced dry matter accumulation in grain. Further, the tested cultivars responded significantly variably to W6 and W9. Averaged across two years, YM 18 performed relatively superior to YN19 in response to long-term waterlogging. For example, at 14 days after anthesis, W9 plants of YM18 and YN19 experienced a 17.4% and 23.2% reduction in SPAD and 25.3% and 30.8% reduction in Pn, respectively, compared with their W0 plants. Consequently, YM18 suffered a relatively smaller grain yield loss (i.e., 16.0%) than YN19 (23.4%) under W9. Our study suggests that wheat cultivar YM18 could protect grain development from waterlogging injury by sustaining assimilates supplies to grain under waterlogged environments.

scholarly journals Belt Uniform Sowing Pattern Boosts Yield of Different Winter Wheat Cultivars in Southwest China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Ting Chen ◽  
Yonghe Zhu ◽  
Rui Dong ◽  
Minjian Ren ◽  
Jin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

The relationship between the sowing patterns and yield performance is a valuable topic for food security. In this study, a novel belt uniform (BU) sowing pattern was reported, and a field experiment with four winter wheat cultivars was carried out over three consecutive growing seasons to compare the dry matter accumulation, harvest index (HI), grain yield and yield components under BU and line and dense (LD) sowing patterns [BU sowing with narrow (15 cm) spacing; BU sowing with wide (20 cm) spacing; LD sowing with wide (33.3 cm) row spacing; LD sowing with narrow (16.6 cm) row spacing]. Four cultivars produced a higher mean grain yield (GY), above-ground biomass (AGB) and spike number (SN) per m2 under the BU sowing patterns than the LD sowing patterns in all three growing seasons. However, yield stability under the BU sowing patterns did not increase with the improved grain yield. The HI did not change with sowing patterns, and the contribution of above-ground biomass to grain yield (84%) was more than 5-fold higher than that of HI (16%). Principal component and correlation analyses indicated that the grain yield was positively correlated with the aboveground biomass and SN, while the HI and 1000-grain weight were not correlated with grain yield. We concluded that (1) the novel BU sowing patterns achieved a higher yield potential in winter wheat but did not further improve yield stability; (2) increasing the dry matter accumulation without changing the HI drove improvements in the SN and grain number per spike, thus increasing grain yield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document