Five undervalued edible species inherent to autumn-winter season: nutritional composition, bioactive constituents and volatiles profile

Background Wild edible herbs have historically been used as local nutritional and medicinal sources. These plants grow spontaneously, depending on the season. They adapt well to different edaphoclimatic conditions, generating a diversity constituent beneficial to health. They impart compounds needed in the human diet in regard to macro and micronutrients. When consumed raw, they keep their properties intact and provide health benefits. Five undervalued edible plants: Stellaria media (L.) Vill, Tropaeolum majus L., Sonchus oleraceus L., Chenopodium album L. and Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC are characteristic of the autumn-winter season in the Valencian coastal region and could have new sustainable agro-ecological potential for the local commercial sector. However, little information is available from the nutritional quality and bioactive composition viewpoint for these species. Concurrently, the volatiles compounds profiles describing the characteristic flavors are unknown. Methods Nutritional characteristics, bioactive compounds, and other chemical components of the fresh leaves were analyzed. In addition, the volatiles composite profile was performed. The analyzed species come from the soil reservoir; their wild growth is adjusted to the autumn season. The proximate analysis was carried out by Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. Total antioxidants were measured as 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrzyl hydrate (DPPH) and total polyphenols content via the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. Volatiles profile was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The vegetative part analyzed was the tender leaves with edible potential. Results A high variability has been obtained in the composition of the species studied. The proximate analysis found a considerable content of fiber (1.22–5.4 g·100 g−1), potassium (157.7–1,250.6 mg·100 g−1), iron (0.6–2.0 mg·100 g−1), and a low caloric value (16.1–43.02 kcal·mg·100 g−1). In bioactive compounds analysis, a high level of antioxidants was highlighted (1,604.3–4,874.6 μmol·100 g−1), followed by chlorophylls. Volatiles profile revealed that the species were rich in benzenoids (33.8–89.9%) as the majority family. The pyrazines class was characteristic only in D. erucoides L. Discussion Fresh edible leaves of the undervalued plants show considerable nutritional potential and a high bioactive components level, which highlight the antioxidant capacity. Leaves of C. album L. stand out due to their higher concentration of nutritional compounds, while D. erucoides L. is noted for its higher antioxidant capacity. Aromatic descriptor of pyrazines detected in the leaves of D. erucoides L. is associated with the slightly spicy flavors that characterize this species. Results suggest that studied species could be of great relevance in introducing these five edible herbs as a source of new grown material, postulating them as healthy food ingredients with attractive flavors for the gourmet cuisine industry.

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Chemical Components and Bioactive of Gorgonian Sea Plumes (Genus Rumphella and Hicksonella) from Raijua Islands-East Nusa Tenggara

Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia ◽

10.17844/jphpi.v18i1.9566 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yunialdi Happynes Teffu ◽

Ruddy Suwandi ◽

Nurjanah Nurjanah

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Metal Analysis ◽

Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽

Quality Testing ◽

Protein Components

Sea plumes is mostly used by people as jewellery and arthritis drug. The aim of this research was to characterize the chemicals and the bioactive compounds of the sea plumes for pharmaceutical ingredients. Characterization of sea plumes was carried out schlerit form identification, proximate analysis, heavy metal analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometer, radium content using gamma spectrometer, extraction by maceration method for 24 hour and phytochemicals quality testing based on color appearance. The sea plumes was identified as Rumphella and Hicksonella contains the highest protein components. Heavy metal Pb exceed the standar set to National Standar of Indonesia (SNI) and Medicines and Foods Security Agency. Akar bahar containing radium 0.65-0.79 Becquerel/kilogram, highest yield using methanol and containing secondary metabolite which targeted as bioactive compounds alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols hydroquinone, steroids, triterpenoids and saponins. Keywords : Hicksonella, secondary metabolite, radium, Rumphella, sklerit

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Evaluation of the Bioaccessibility of Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds and Minerals of Four Genotypes of Brassicaceae Microgreens

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8070250 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 250 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Beatriz de la Fuente ◽

Gabriel López-García ◽

Vicent Mañez ◽

Amparo Alegría ◽

Reyes Barberá ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Trolox Equivalent

Microgreens constitute an emerging class of fresh, healthy foods due to their nutritional composition. In this study the content of minerals and antioxidant bioactive compounds, and for the first time bioaccessibility, were evaluated in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck), green curly kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L.), red mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) hydroponic microgreens. Macro- (K, Ca, Mg) and oligo-elements (Fe, Zn), ascorbic acid, total soluble polyphenols, total carotenoids, total anthocyanins, total isothiocyanates and total antioxidant capacity (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) were determined before and after the standardized simulated gastrointestinal digestion process. All microgreens provided relevant amounts of vitamin C (31–56 mg/100 g fresh weight) and total carotenoids (162–224 mg β-carotene/100 g dry weight). Mineral content was comparable to that normally found in hydroponic microgreens and the low potassium levels observed would allow their dietetic recommendation for patients with impaired kidney function. Both total soluble polyphenols and total isothiocyanates were the greatest contributors to the total antioxidant capacity after digestion (43–70% and 31–63% bioaccessibility, respectively) while macroelements showed an important bioaccessibility (34–90%). In general, radish and mustard presented the highest bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds and minerals. Overall, the four hydroponic Brassicaceae microgreens present a wide array of antioxidant bioactive compounds.

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Effect of the Application of 1-Methylcyclopropene and Wax Emulsions on Proximate Analysis and Some Antioxidants of Soursop (Annona muricataL.)

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/896853 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Cristina L. Moreno-Hernández ◽

Sonia G. Sáyago-Ayerdi ◽

Hugo S. García-Galindo ◽

Miguel Mata-Montes De Oca ◽

Efigenia Montalvo-González

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Chilling Injury ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Postharvest Handling ◽

Phenolics Content

The effect of the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and wax emulsions, alone or combined, on composition analysis, vitamin C, polyphenols, and antioxidant capacity of soursop was evaluated. Fruits were stored as follows: at 25°C (control), and at 16°C: fruits sprayed with candelilla or flava emulsions, fruits treated with 1500 nL/L of 1-MCP (20°C, 12 h), and fruits treated with 1-MCP and then sprayed with emulsions. Fruits were allowed to ripen and the edible part was used for analysis. Only fruits stored at 16°C without 1-MCP showed visible symptoms of chilling injury. Fruits treated with 1-MCP combined with flava emulsion maintained in greater extent their vitamin C content, dietary fiber, total phenolics content, and antioxidant activity. The combination of 1-MCP and emulsions can be utilized in postharvest handling of soursop because this combination can preserve its nutritional composition and antioxidant activity.

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Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Pearling Fractions of Hulled, Partially Hull-Less and Hull-Less Food Barley Genotypes

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10030565 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 565

Author(s):

Mariona Martínez-Subirà ◽

María-Paz Romero ◽

Alba Macià ◽

Eva Puig ◽

Ignacio Romagosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Functional Food ◽

Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

High Protein Content ◽

Intermediate Layers ◽

Phytochemical And Proximate Compositions of Tetracarpidium Conophorum [African Walnut] Seeds.

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.24297/jbt.v7i1.6411 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 967-974

Author(s):

Uchechukwu Chikezie ◽

Nkeiruka Yvonne

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

High Concentrations

A sample of boiled Tetracarpidiumconophorum (African walnut) seeds was analyzed for the phytochemical and proximate compositions. The result of the phytochemical [qualitative] screeningrevealed the presence of high concentrations of Alkaloids and Steroids, and moderate concentration of Tannins. There were no traces of Saponins, Phlobotannins, Flavonoids, Phenols and Glycosides. The proximate analysis showed that the boiled seeds contained 5.5% moisture, 19.3% carbohydrate, 17.9% protein, 53.4% crude fat, 1.24% crude fiberand 2.67% ash. Data from thisstudy showedthat theboiled Tetracarpidiumconophorum seeds contain some bioactive compounds and have good nutritional composition. They could be useful in pharmaceutical formulations and as food.

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Quantification of Nutritional Composition and Some Antinutrient Factors of Banana Peels and Pineapple Skins

Asian Food Science Journal ◽

10.9734/afsj/2020/v18i430222 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Noor Fadilah Mohd Bakri ◽

Zuwariah Ishak ◽

Arif Zaidi Jusoh ◽

Hadijah H.

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Waste ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Banana Peel ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Huge Number ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Sugar Profile ◽

Proper Disposal ◽

By Products

Agricultural wastes are by-products generated from growing and processing of agricultural commodities such as vegetables, fruits, meats, poultry and crops. The modernisation of agricultural practises creates huge number of wastes namely animals’ carcass, seeds and skins from crop and also trace of pesticide, along the chain. If these wastes are released without proper disposal procedure, it may cause negative effects to environment and jeopardize human health. Banana and pineapple are amongst the most common crops cultivated in tropical countries. With its bright colour, juicy delicious flesh, and well-studied beneficial compounds, these two fruits are being enjoyed as fresh consumption or in the form of food products like chips and jam. Unfortunately, the peel and the skin are currently being dumped to the landfill as waste. The objective of our study was to evaluate the chemical composition of banana peel and pineapple skin, in order to explore the utilisation of these so-called wastes as food ingredients. The samples were analysed for nutritional composition, anti-nutrients level and sugar profile. Proximate analysis according to AOAC 2000 method were conducted to collect the nutritional composition of samples, antinutrients factors were study via spectrophotometery analysis and sugar profile were achieved by using HPLC-ELSD method. The results showed that ash, moisture, fat, protein were in the acceptable level (7.0±0.14, 7.55±1.48, 13.95±1.62, 5.0±2.82, 67.25±3.80 g/100 g respectively for banana peels and 3.49±0.02, 8.65±0.87, 0.38±0.07, 4.84±1.73 and 83.31±3.49 g/100 g for pineapple skins respectively) and acceptable levels of tannin and phytic acid for both samples. Analysis of sugar profile revealed that these high values agricultural waste contain fructose, glucose and sucrose – potentially being utilised as a good source of sweetners. Finally, we recommend that banana peels and pineapple skins should properly be processed and exploited as a high quality and inexpensive source of food ingredients.

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Effect of drying on nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and bioactive compounds of fruits co-products

Food Science and Technology ◽

10.1590/fst.21419 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 810-816

Author(s):

Jéssyca Santos SILVA ◽

Daniela Weyrich ORTIZ ◽

Lismaíra Ginçalves Caixeta GARCIA ◽

Eduardo Ramirez ASQUIERI ◽

Fernanda Salamoni BECKER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Nutritional Composition

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Nutritional Composition and GC-MS Phytochemical Analysis of Thaumatococcus daniellii Leaves

European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety ◽

10.9734/ejnfs/2020/v12i830272 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 81-86

Author(s):

A. V. Iwueke ◽

N. J. Ejekwumadu ◽

E. C. Chukwu ◽

J. A. Nwodu ◽

C. Akalonu

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Vitamin B1 ◽

Aluminum Foil ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Vitamin B3 ◽

Laboratory Technology ◽

Thaumatococcus Daniellii

Aims: There is a high risk associated with using artificial materials like polyethylene or foil for wrapping foods before cooking. The present study investigated the phytochemical and nutrient composition of Thaumatococus daniellii leaf, a local food wrapper. Place and Duration of Study: Biochemistry Unit, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo, between April and May 2018. Methodology: The phytochemical compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) while proximate and vitamin composition was determined using standard analytical methods. Results: The GC-MS phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of eight (8) bioactive compounds 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol, d-Glycero-d-idoheptose, Cyclopentane,1-ethyl-1-methyl-, 6-Octyl-1-ol,3,7-dimethyl-, 2-Octenal, E- Octane,1-chloro-,2-Acetoxy-1,1,10-trimethyl-6,9-epidioxydecalin and Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-ol,2,6,6-trimethyl-,(1α,2β,3α,5α)- while vitamin assay results showed that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaf contained 3.1mg/100g of vitamin A, 1.07 mg/100 g vitamin B1, 1.32 mg/100 g vitamin B3, 1.11 mg/100 g of vitamin B5, 16.34 mg/100 g of vitamin B6, 11.86 mg/100 g of vitamin B12 and 25.19 mg/100 g of vitamin C. Result of proximate analysis indicates that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaf contains 10.15% ash, 9.67% moisture, 20.41% protein, 11.42% lipids, 13.78% fibre and 34.57% carbohydrate. Conclusion: In summary, our findings indicate that Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves contain bioactive compounds, an appreciable number of vitamins and high nutritional constituents. Hence Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves can be incorporated into animal feed, taking into cognizance the high protein, fat and vitamin contents. These suggest that it may play critical medicinal and nutritional roles and probably be a safer alternative to polyethylene paper and aluminum foil wraps; hence justifying its local usage as food wrapper. The leaves may also serve as a lead for the production of a healthier material for wrapping local foods.

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Gynura procumbens ethanol extract and its fractions inhibit Th1, Th2 and Th17 but induce Treg cells differentiation during atherosclerosis development

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology ◽

10.34172/jhp.2021.49 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 415-425

Author(s):

Manimegalai Manogaran ◽

Vuanghao Lim ◽

Doblin Sandai ◽

Rafeezul Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

T Cells ◽

Cd4 T Cells ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Treg Cells ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Mouse Bone Marrow ◽

Bioactive Constituents

Introduction: Gynura procumbens (Lorr.) Merr. (GP) displays cardio-protective effect, which may hinder atherogenesis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and leukocytes. The current study was undertaken to elucidate the chemical constituents of GP ethanol extract and its aqueous, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions, and their effects on CD4+ T cell differentiation during atherogenesis. Methods: Initially, the bioactive constituents in GP ethanol extract and its fractions were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Generated mouse bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDC) were loaded with oxLDL and GP ethanol extract and its fractions for 24 hours and co-cultured with mouse CD4+ T cells for 72 hours. For the determination of T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt, Foxp3, DLL-3, and Jagged-1 mRNA gene expression, the floating cells (CD4+ T cells) and adherence cells (BMDC) were isolated from their total RNAs and reverse transcribed into cDNA.Results: GC-MS analysis showed that GP ethanol extract and its fractions contained various volatile compounds. GP ethanol extract and its fractions also increased the DLL-3 gene but suppressed Jagged-1 gene expression in oxLDL-treated BMDC. Furthermore, GP ethanol extract and its fractions suppressed T-bet, GATA-3, and RORγt gene expression but increased the expression of the Foxp3 gene in differentiated CD4 + T cells. Conclusion: GP ethanol extract and its fractions are composed of various bioactive chemical components that can induce anti-atherogenic effects by inhibiting pro-atherogenic cells such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells while increasing anti-atherogenic cells, Treg cells.

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PELESTARIAN RAWON NGULING SEBAGAI NILAI TAMBAH PADA PENGEMBANGAN WISATA KULINER TRADISIONAL INDONESIA

Majalah Ilmiah Bijak ◽

10.31334/bijak.v14i1.64 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 108-126

Author(s):

Sri Fajar Ayuningsih

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Animal Protein ◽

Standard Approach ◽

Protein Requirements ◽

Typical Food ◽

Good For ◽

Development Step

Rawon is a typical food from East Java. Appearance of this meat soup is typical with blackish-colored sauce for wearing kebwak spice. Rawon Nguling's restaurant in Probolinggo is one of the most famous culinary destinations. This restaurant has been around since 1942 and now has 11 franchised restaurants in several cities in Indonesia. As one of the traditional culinary wealth, Rawon Nguling is worth preserving. For that required a proper development step by using the standard approach of spice Rawon Nguling and cooking techniques that is more practical ie freezing spices. From the result of research, Rawon Nguling standard spice (Rawon Nguling-Fajar seasoning) frozen up to 15 days in research scale, proved to be able to produce spice Rawon Nguling with flavor, smell / flavor, and color that is not different from Rawon Nguling fresh standard . In the form of frozen spices, the Rawon Nguling spices become more practical, more durable stored, and allow to be preserved. From the results of proximate analysis, Rawon Nguling is a food with a complete nutritional composition, especially as the fulfillment of animal protein requirements of 52.2% of AKG. In addition, spices in Ngurah Rawon cuisine also contain a variety of bioactive compounds that are good for maintaining health, including antioxidants, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antitumor, and other functions.

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