Human-wildlife conflicts with crocodilians, cetaceans and otters in the tropics and subtropics

Conservation of freshwater biodiversity and management of human-wildlife conflicts are major conservation challenges globally. Human-wildlife conflict occurs due to attacks on people, depredation of fisheries, damage to fishing equipment and entanglement in nets. Here we review the current literature on conflicts with tropical and subtropical crocodilians, cetaceans and otters in freshwater and brackish habitats. We also present a new multispecies case study of conflicts with four freshwater predators in the Western Amazon: black caiman (Melanosuchus niger), giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis), boto (Inia geoffrensis) and tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis). Documented conflicts occur with 34 crocodilian, cetacean and otter species. Of the species reviewed in this study, 37.5% had conflicts frequently documented in the literature, with the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) the most studied species. We found conflict severity had a positive relationship with species body mass, and a negative relationship with IUCN Red List status. In the Amazonian case study, we found that the black caiman was ranked as the greatest ‘problem’ followed by the boto, giant otter and tucuxi. There was a significant difference between the responses of local fishers when each of the four species were found entangled in nets. We make recommendations for future research, based on the findings of the review and Amazon case study, including the need to standardise data collection.

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Quantifying research interests in 7,521 mammalian species with h-index: a case study

10.32942/osf.io/gd7cv ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Tam ◽

Malgorzata Lagisz ◽

William Kirkham Cornwell ◽

Shinichi Nakagawa

Keyword(s):

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Research Interest ◽

Future Research ◽

Individual Species ◽

H Index ◽

Generalised Linear Mixed Model

Taxonomic bias is a known issue within the field of biology, causing scientific knowledge to be unevenly distributed across species. However, a systematic quantification of the research interest that the scientific community has allocated to individual species remains a big data problem. Scalable approaches are needed to integrate biodiversity datasets and bibliometric methods across large numbers of species. The outputs of these analyses are important for identifying understudied species and directing future research to fill these gaps.In this study, we used the species h-index to quantity the research interest in 7,521 species of mammals. We tested factors potentially driving species h-index, by using a Bayesian phylogenetic generalised linear mixed model (GLMM). We found that a third of the mammals had a species h-index of zero, while a select few had inflated research interest. Further, mammals with higher species h-index had larger body masses, were found in temperate latitudes, had more humans uses, including domestication, and were in lower risk IUCN Red List categories. These results surprisingly suggested that critically endangered mammals are understudied. A higher interest in domesticated species suggested that human use rather than conservation drives mammalian scientific literature.Our study has demonstrated a scalable workflow and systematically identified understudied species of mammals, as well as identified the likely drivers of this taxonomic bias in the literature. This case study can become a benchmark for future research that asks similar biological and meta-research questions for other taxa.

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Using meta-analysis for evidence synthesis: The case of incomplete neutralization in German

10.31234/osf.io/p5a4z ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bruno Nicenboim ◽

Timo Benjamin Roettger ◽

Shravan Vasishth

Keyword(s):

Random Effects ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Evidence Synthesis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Future Research ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Totality Of Evidence

It is common practice in statistical analyses of phonetic data to draw conclusions based on statistical significance alone. Using incomplete neutralization of final devoicing in German as a case study, we illustrate the problems with this approach. If researchers find a significant acoustic difference between voiceless and devoiced obstruents, they conclude that neutralization is incomplete; and if they find no significant difference, they conclude that neutralization is complete. However, such strong claims regarding the existence or absence of an effect based on significant results alone can be misleading. Instead, the totality of evidence should be brought to bear on the question. Towards this end, we synthesize the evidence from 14 studies on incomplete neutralization in German using a Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis provides evidence in favor of incomplete neutralization. We conclude with some suggestions for improving the quality of future research on phonetic phenomena: ensure that sample sizes allow for high-precision estimates of the effect; avoid the temptation to deploy researcher degrees of freedom when analyzing data; focus on estimates of the parameter of interest and the uncertainty about that parameter; attempt to replicate effects found; and seek to make both the data and analysis available publicly.

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Supplier Development at LG Electronics

The Oxford Handbook of Supply Chain Management ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190066727.013.31 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hyojin Kim ◽

Daesik Hur ◽

Tobias Schoenherr

Keyword(s):

Management Practice ◽

Digital Technologies ◽

Supply Management ◽

Future Research ◽

Supplier Development ◽

Environmentally Conscious ◽

Competitive Capabilities ◽

The Stability ◽

Buyer Firm

Supplier development has been a critical supply management practice since the 1990s. In many instances, it has even become imperative for buyer firms to support and prepare their supply bases for uncertain economic and market environments, socially and environmentally conscious customers, advances in digital technologies, and increasing competition. Yet, research that approaches supplier development with the objective to advance all these dimensions in an integrated fashion is scarce. This study fills this void by exploring how a buyer firm may address these emerging challenges in its supply base. Specifically, an in-depth case study of LG Electronics explores how the firm designs and operates multidimensional supplier development activities to foster the stability and sustainability of its supply base while enhancing its core suppliers’ competitive capabilities. This chapter illustrates how supplier development can be taken to the next level, presents implications for managerial practice, and outlines promising future research avenues.

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A systematic literature review of healthcare supply chain and implications of future research

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing ◽

10.1108/ijphm-05-2018-0028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 405-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anuj Dixit ◽

Srikanta Routroy ◽

Sunil Kumar Dubey

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Literature Review ◽

Inventory Management ◽

Cold Chain ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Papers ◽

Content Type ◽

Drug Manufacturing ◽

Customer Training

Purpose This paper aims to review the healthcare supply chain (HSC) literature along various areas and to find out the gap in it. Design/methodology/approach In total, 143 research papers were reviewed during 1996-2017. A critical review was carried out in various dimensions such as research methodologies/data collection method (empirical, case study and literature review) and inquiry mode of research methodology (qualitative, quantitative and mixed), country-specific, targeted area, research aim and year of publication. Findings Supply chain (SC) operations, performance measurement, inventory management, lean and agile operation, and use of information technology were well studied and analyzed, however, employee and customer training, tracking and visibility of medicines, cold chain management, human resource practices, risk management and waste management are felt to be important areas but not much attention were made in this direction. Research limitations/implications Mainly drug and vaccine SC were considered in current study of HSC while SC along healthcare equipment and machine, hospitality and drug manufacturing related papers were excluded in this study. Practical implications This literature review has recognized and analyzed various issues relevant to HSC and shows the direction for future research to develop an efficient and effective HSC. Originality/value The insight of various aspects of HSC was explored in general for better and deeper understanding of it for designing of an efficient and competent HSC. The outcomes of the study may form a basis to decide direction of future research.

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Toward a Working Model of Leadership in Nonprofit Sport Governance

Journal of Sport Management ◽

10.1123/jsm.2018-0227 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 189-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ian O’Boyle ◽

David Shilbury ◽

Lesley Ferkins

Keyword(s):

Chief Executive Officers ◽

Leadership Skills ◽

Chief Executive ◽

Future Research ◽

Limited Attention ◽

Study Approach ◽

Working Model ◽

Executive Officers ◽

Scholarly Discourse

The aim of this study is to explore leadership within nonprofit sport governance. As an outcome, the authors present a preliminary working model of leadership in nonprofit sport governance based on existing literature and our new empirical evidence. Leadership in nonprofit sport governance has received limited attention to date in scholarly discourse. The authors adopt a case study approach involving three organizations and 16 participant interviews from board members and Chief Executive Officers within the golf network in Australia to uncover key leadership issues in this domain. Interviews were analyzed using an interpretive process, and a thematic structure relating to leadership in the nonprofit sport governance context was developed. Leadership ambiguity, distribution of leadership, leadership skills and development, and leadership and volunteerism emerged as the key themes in the research. These themes, combined with existing literature, are integrated into a preliminary working model of leadership in nonprofit sport governance that helps to shape the issues and challenges embedded within this emerging area of inquiry. The authors offer a number of suggestions for future research to refine, test, critique, and elaborate on our proposed working model.

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Assessment of ecosystem services provided by livestock agroecosystems in the tropics: a case study of tropical island environment of Guadeloupe

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-021-02880-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

Author(s):

J.-L. Gourdine ◽

A. Fourcot ◽

C. Lefloch ◽

M. Naves ◽

G. Alexandre

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Farming System ◽

Livestock Farming ◽

Tropical Island ◽

Cultural Aspects ◽

Livestock Farming System ◽

Agroecological Zones ◽

The Tropics ◽

Cluster 2

AbstractThe present study aims to assess (1) the ecosystem services (ES) provided by LFS and (2) the differential ES between local (Creole) and exotic breeds from pig, cattle and goat. The ES are defined as the benefits that humans derive from LFS. They were summarized in 12 ES indicators that cover services related to provisioning, ecological and socio-cultural aspects and territorial vitality. A total of 106 LFS units that covers the five agroecological zones of Guadeloupe were analysed. Functional typologies of LFS per species were created from surveys. The effect of breed on the ES indicators was tested. Results showed that the 40 pig LFS units were separated into 3 clusters that were differentiated in ES according to provisioning ES (cluster 1), cultural use and sale to the neighborhood (cluster 2) and pork self-consumption (cluster 3). The typology of the 57 farms with cattle distinguished 4 clusters with differences in ES provided in self-consumption (cluster1), ecological ES (cluster 2), socio-cultural ES for racing or draught oxen (cluster 3) and ES associated with territory vitality (cluster 4). The 66 goat LFS units were classified into 3 clusters different in ES concerning self-consumption (cluster 1), cultural aspects (cluster 2) and provisioning ES (cluster 3). Our study highlights that ES indicators are not breed dependent (P > 0.10) but rather livestock farming system dependent. The ES rely more on the rearing management than on the breed type, and up to now, there are no specifications in Guadeloupe to differentiate management between breeds.

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Changes of Walking Activity During the First Cycle Phases of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Seoul, Korea

HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal ◽

10.1177/19375867211026571 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 193758672110265

Author(s):

Youngjun Park ◽

Haekwon Chung ◽

Sohyun Park

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Voluntary Participation ◽

Walking Activity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Acceleration And Deceleration ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

The Government

Aim: This study explores the changes in regular walking activities during the phases of the pandemic. Background: With the spread of COVID-19 transmission, people are refraining from going out, reducing their physical activity. In South Korea, COVID-19 broke out in the 4th week of 2020 and experienced the first cycle phases of the pandemic, such as outbreak, widespread, and decline. In response to the pandemic, the government encouraged voluntary participation in social distancing campaigns, and people reduced their outside activities. Methods: This article examines the decrease and increase of the Prevalence of Regular Walking (≥30 min of moderate walking a day, on ≥5 days a week) by the COVID-19 phases. This study is based on weekly walking data for 15 weeks in 2020, via the smartphone healthcare app, which is managed by 25 public health offices of the Seoul government. Results: According to the findings, the level of prevalence of regular walking (PRW) has a significant difference before and after the outbreak, and every interval of the four-stage COVID-19 phases, that is, pre-pandemic, initiation, acceleration, and deceleration. The level of PRW sharply decreased during initiation and acceleration intervals. In the deceleration interval of COVID-19, the PRW kept increasing, but it has not yet reached the same level as the previous year when the COVID-19 did not exist. Conclusions: As a preliminary study, this study explains empirically how COVID-19 changed PRW in Seoul. It would be helpful to enhance our understanding of the changes in physical inactivity in the pandemic period.

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Using a Process Approach to Pandemic Planning: A Case Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11094121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 4121

Author(s):

Hana Tomaskova ◽

Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee

Keyword(s):

Process Model ◽

Process Mining ◽

Process Approach ◽

Research Topic ◽

Future Research ◽

Critical Situation ◽

Pandemic Planning ◽

The Difference ◽

Smart Technologies

The purpose of this article was to demonstrate the difference between a pandemic plan’s textual prescription and its effective processing using graphical notation. Before creating a case study of the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) of the Czech Republic’s pandemic plan, we conducted a systematic review of the process approach in pandemic planning and a document analysis of relevant public documents. The authors emphasized the opacity of hundreds of pages of text records in an explanatory case study and demonstrated the effectiveness of the process approach in reengineering and improving the response to such a critical situation. A potential extension to the automation and involvement of SMART technologies or process optimization through process mining techniques is presented as a future research topic.

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Giant otter Pteronura brasiliensis density and abundance in Llanos Orientales de Colombia in the Orinoco basin

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605320000058 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Germán Garrote ◽

Beyker Castañeda ◽

Jose Manuel Escobar ◽

Laura Pérez ◽

Brayan Marín ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Population Size ◽

20Th Century ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Species Conservation ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Recreational Fishing ◽

Pteronura Brasiliensis ◽

Direct Counts

Abstract The giant otter Pteronura brasiliensis, categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, was once widely distributed throughout South America. By the middle of the 20th century the giant otter had become locally extinct along the main rivers of the Orinoco basin. Although some populations seem to have recovered, the paucity of information available does not permit a full evaluation of the species' conservation status. The objective of this study was to estimate the abundance and density of the giant otter population along the Orinoco river in the municipality of Puerto Carreño, Vichada, Colombia, where there is important commercial and recreational fishing. Thirty-nine linear km were surveyed, repeatedly, with a total of 315 km of surveys. Population size was estimated by direct counts of individuals. All individuals detected were photographed and identified individually from their throat pelage patterns. In total, 30 otters were identified, giving a minimum density of 0.77 individuals per km, one of the highest reported for the species in Colombia. Given the high density in this well-developed area, our results highlight the importance of this population for the conservation of the species.

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Employee Behaviors toward Using and Saving Energy at Work. The Impact of Personality Traits

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14123404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 3404

Author(s):

Dawid Szostek

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Organizational Citizenship ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Organizational Citizenship Behaviors ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Future Research ◽

Citizenship Behaviors ◽

The Impact

The purpose of the article is to determine how personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience) affect organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment (OCBE), especially in the context of energy saving. The purpose is also to verify the hypothesis that this impact is significantly moderated by individuals’ demographic characteristic (sex, age, length of service, work type and economic sector of employment). To achieve the purposes, a survey was conducted in 2020 on 454 working people from Poland. The analysis was based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The research model assumed that particular types of personality affect direct and indirect OCBEs, including energy-saving patterns. The model also included the aforementioned demographic characteristics of respondents. I proved that personality traits have a significant impact on direct and indirect organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment. In the case of direct OCBEs, the energy-saving items that were most significantly affected by employee personality were: I am a person who turns off my lights when leaving my office for any reason; I am a person who turns off the lights in a vacant room; I am a person who makes sure all of the lights are turned off if I am the last to leave. The strongest predicators were Neuroticism (negative relationship) and Agreeableness (positive relationship) for direct OCBE, but Extraversion (positive relationship) and Agreeableness (negative relationship) for indirect OCBE. The impact of an individual’s personality on OCBE was significantly moderated mainly for indirect behaviors. This applied to all the analyzed demographic variables, but it was stronger for women, employees aged up to 40 years, those with 10 years or more experience, office/clerical workers, and public sector employees. The article discusses the theoretical framework, research limitations, future research directions and practical implications.

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