DNA barcoding reveals the mislabeling of fish in a popular tourist destination in Brazil

The consumption of raw fish has been increasing considerably in the West, since it has an appeal to be potentially healthier (omega 3 and 6, essential amino acids and vitamins). However this potential benefit, as well as the taste, value and even the risk of extinction is different between species of fish, constituting grounds for fraud. Through the Project "Cat by Hare", using the principles of the DNA barcode, we revealed mislabelling of fish in japanese restaurants and fishmarkets in Florianópolis, a highly tourist capital in Brazil. We sequenced the COI gene of 65 samples from fishmongers and 80 from restaurants and we diagnosed 34\% of fraud in fishmongers and 17\% in restaurants. This different percentage is related to the restaurants selling only two species (Tuna and Salmon) and one category of fish called "white fish" that can be any species that has whitish musculature. We discussed that frauds may have occurred for different reasons: to circumvent surveillance on threatened species; to sell fish with sizes smaller than allowed or species that are being highly captured as being a low captured one at any time (law of supply); to induce product consumption using species with better taste. It should be noted that some substitutions are derived from incorrect identification and are not a fraud per se, due to confusion of popular names or misunderstanding of sellers. Therefore, we suggest the implementation of a systematic regulatory program conducted by governmental agencies to reduce mislabelling to avoid further damage to the community (in health and financial issues) and fish stocks

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DNA barcoding revealing the mislabeling of fish in a highly tourist capital in Brazil

10.7287/peerj.preprints.3085 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Clisten Fátima Staffen ◽

Mari Dalva Staffen ◽

Mariana Londero Becker ◽

Sara Emelie Löfgren ◽

Yara Costa Netto Muniz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Barcode ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Omega 3 ◽

The West ◽

Fish Stocks ◽

Governmental Agencies ◽

Product Consumption ◽

Raw Fish ◽

Financial Issues

The consumption of raw fish has been increasing considerably in the West, since it has an appeal to be potentially healthier (omega 3 and 6, essential amino acids and vitamins). However this potential benefit, as well as the taste, value and even the risk of extinction is different between species of fish, constituting grounds for fraud. Through the Project "Cat by Hare", using the principles of the DNA barcode, we revealed mislabelling of fish in japanese restaurants and fishmarkets in Florianópolis, a highly tourist capital in Brazil. We sequenced the COI gene of 65 samples from fishmongers and 80 from restaurants and we diagnosed 34\% of fraud in fishmongers and 17\% in restaurants. This different percentage is related to the restaurants selling only two species (Tuna and Salmon) and one category of fish called "white fish" that can be any species that has whitish musculature. We discussed that frauds may have occurred for different reasons: to circumvent surveillance on threatened species; to sell fish with sizes smaller than allowed or species that are being highly captured as being a low captured one at any time (law of supply); to induce product consumption using species with better taste. It should be noted that some substitutions are derived from incorrect identification and are not a fraud per se, due to confusion of popular names or misunderstanding of sellers. Therefore, we suggest the implementation of a systematic regulatory program conducted by governmental agencies to reduce mislabelling to avoid further damage to the community (in health and financial issues) and fish stocks

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Geographic Pattern of Sushi Product Misdescription in Italy—A Crosstalk between Citizen Science and DNA Barcoding

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040756 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 756

Author(s):

Anna Maria Pappalardo ◽

Alessandra Raffa ◽

Giada Santa Calogero ◽

Venera Ferrito

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Citizen Science ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Central Italy ◽

Dna Barcode ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Flying Fish ◽

High Concern ◽

Raw Fish ◽

Species Substitution

The food safety of sushi and the health of consumers are currently of high concern for food safety agencies across the world due to the globally widespread consumption of these products. The microbiological and toxicological risks derived from the consumption of raw fish and seafood have been highlighted worldwide, while the practice of species substitution in sushi products has attracted the interest of researchers more than food safety agencies. In this study, samples of sushi were processed for species authentication using the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene as a DNA barcode. The approach of Citizen Science was used to obtain the sushi samples by involving people from eighteen different Italian cities (Northern, Central and Southern Italy). The results indicate that a considerable rate of species substitution exists with a percentage of misdescription ranging from 31.8% in Northern Italy to 40% in Central Italy. The species most affected by replacement was Thunnus thynnus followed by the flying fish roe substituted by eggs of Mallotus villosus. These results indicate that a standardization of fish market names should be realized at the international level and that the indication of the scientific names of species should be mandatory for all products of the seafood supply chain.

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Variability in Macro- and Micronutrients of 15 Commercially Available Microalgae Powders

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19060310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 310

Author(s):

Fabian Sandgruber ◽

Annekathrin Gielsdorf ◽

Anja C. Baur ◽

Benjamin Schenz ◽

Sandra Marie Müller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dunaliella Salina ◽

Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Arthrospira Platensis ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Tetraselmis Chuii

The nutrient composition of 15 commercially available microalgae powders of Arthrospira platensis, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, Haematococcus pluvialis, Tetraselmis chuii, and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was analyzed. The Dunaliella salina powders were characterized by a high content of carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), omega-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (n6-PUFAs), heavy metals, and α-tocopherol, whereas the protein amounts, essential amino acids (EAAs), omega-3-PUFAs (n3-PUFAs), vitamins, and minerals were low. In the powder of Haematococcus pluvialis, ten times higher amounts of carotenoids compared to all other analyzed powders were determined, yet it was low in vitamins D and E, protein, and EAAs, and the n6/n3-PUFAs ratio was comparably high. Vitamin B12, quantified as cobalamin, was below 0.02 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.) in all studied powders. Based on our analysis, microalgae such as Aphanizomenon and Chlorella may contribute to an adequate intake of critical nutrients such as protein with a high content of EAAs, dietary fibers, n3-PUFAs, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Zn, as well as vitamin D and E. Yet, the nutritional value of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was slightly decreased by high contents of SFAs. The present data show that microalgae are rich in valuable nutrients, but the macro- and micronutrient profiles differ strongly between and within species.

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DNA barcodes provide evidence for the independent origin of the cultivated silkworms Samia ricini and Samia cynthia

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed ◽

10.3920/jiff2021.0077 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

J.-C. Huang ◽

X.-Y. Li ◽

Y.-P. Li ◽

R.-S. Zhang ◽

D.-B. Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Distance ◽

Phylogenetic Relationship ◽

Dna Barcode ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Dna Barcodes ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Phylogenetic Framework

Samia ricini (Wm. Jones) and Samia cynthia (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) have been used as traditional sources of food as well as silk-producing insects. However, the phylogenetic relationship between the two silkworms remains to be addressed. In this study, the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences corresponding to DNA barcodes from 13 Samia species were analysed, and a DNA barcode-based phylogenetic framework for these Samia species was provided. Phylogenetic analysis showed that multiple individuals of a species could be clustered together. Our analysis revealed a close relationship among Samia yayukae Paukstadt, Peigler and Paukstadt, Samia abrerai Naumann and Peigler, Samia kohlli Naumann and Peigler, Samia naessigi Naumann and Peigler, Samia naumanni Paukstadt, Peigler and Paukstadt, and Samia kalimantanensis Paukstadt and Paukstadt. The mixed clustering relationship and low Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) genetic distance (0.006) between individuals of S. ricini and Samia canningi (Hutton) indicated that the cultivated silkworm S. ricini was derived from the non-cultivated silkworm S. canningi. The remote phylogenetic relationship and high K2P genetic distance (0.039) indicated that S. ricini and S. cynthia are distinct species, thus providing solid molecular evidence that they had entirely independent origins. The relationships between S. kalimantanensis and S. naumanni and between S. cynthia and Samia wangi Naumann and Peigler, as well as the potential cryptic species within S. abrerai were also discussed. This is the first study to assess the DNA barcodes of the genus Samia, which supplements the knowledge of species identification and provides the first molecular phylogenetic framework for Samia species.

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A new species of the genus Parapentacentrus Shiraki, 1930 from Yunnan, China (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Itarinae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5032.1.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5032 (1) ◽

pp. 143-146

Author(s):

YI-JIAO LIU ◽

ZHU-QING HE

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Dna Barcode ◽

Coi Gene ◽

East China ◽

Anal Plate ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Normal University ◽

One New Species ◽

A New Species

The genus Parapentacentrus Shiraki, 1930 includes two species with long wings. In this paper, we report one new species, P. brevipennis He sp. nov., from Jinping, Yunnan, China. The new species have short forewings and hindwings, and have differences in the shape of supra-anal plate and male genitalia. DNA Barcode (COI gene) of this new species are provided. The type specimens are deposited in Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).

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Assessment of Fishery Products Consumption Behavior: the Case of Turkey

Агрознање ◽

10.7251/agren1601101y ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 101 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

İbrahim Yilmaz ◽

Serpil Yilmaz ◽

M. Tunca Olguner

Keyword(s):

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

High Quality ◽

Consumption Behavior ◽

Fish Meat ◽

Fisheries Policy ◽

History Of ◽

Fishery Products ◽

Safe Food ◽

Fisheries Law

From the early history of humanity until today, fish and other fishery products have always been involved in human diet. The intake of a sufficient number of proteins has been enabled through high-quality fish meat containing a significant quantity of essential amino acids as well as omega-3 fatty acids. According to the studies, 150 grams of fish, meets the needs of a 50-60% of daily protein intake for an adult. A large part of fishery production in Turkey (86%), is consumed fresh. Turkey, within the scope of Common Fisheries Policy is trying to harmonize fisheries with the EU. A failure to update the 1380 coded Fisheries Law and rapid issuing of EU compatible regulations, safe food for consumers, high quality products along the year for processing industry and marketers, as well as the inability to ensure sustainable price development for the producers, prevent the success of the sector. The aim of this study was to determine the consumption behavior when taking fishery products in terms of food safety, reliability, product quality as well as the level of income and education.

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Quantitative Analysis of Nutrients and Biochemical Evaluation in Pomfret Fish (Pampus argenteus) During Frozen Storage

International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.31033/ijrasb.8.3.23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Utkalendu suvendusekhar Samantaray ◽

Swagatika Tripathy

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Frozen Storage ◽

Storage Condition ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

High Concentration ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

Pampus Argenteus

Marine fish are well-known for being a high-quality protein source having high concentration of essential amino acids. It has high concentration of mono unsaturated and poly unsaturated fatty acids, which may aid in the optimization of lipid profiles and the reduction of the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The goal of this study was to estimate the nutritional and biochemical status of raw sea fish Pampus argenteus after 30 days of frozen storage at -200C with 15-day intervals. Nutrient study showed a decrease in protein and lipid content. The changes of hydrogen peroxide and oxidized lipid products were estimated in the muscle tissue during fresh and storage condition. Results indicate that during storage the oxidative stress increased. An antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, smutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) measurement was determined. The increased amount of oxidative stress during fish storage is shown by the differential activity of antioxidant enzymes. The amount of protein in fish varies slightly between species and even within species. Fish is high in protein, vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for brain development (Spencer et al., 1971; Jacylin et al., 2010). A well-balanced diet consists variety of fish that can help in children's growth and development as well as their heart health (Jinadasa, 2014).

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A multiplex PCR method for identification of two common true cutworm species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) tested in the central plain of Guilan province, Iran

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4420.2.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4420 (2) ◽

pp. 243

Author(s):

REZA HOSSEINI ◽

KHADIJEH MADAHI

Keyword(s):

Dna Barcode ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Molecular Diagnostic ◽

Pest Species ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Peridroma Saucia ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽

Guilan Province

Many species of cutworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are important agricultural pest. They feed on roots and foliage of their host plants. Traditionally these species are identified based on morphological characteristics of adults. Hence identification of specimens in poor condition, immature stages and also closely related species or cryptic species is a difficult task. The basics of biological and ecological studies largely rely on an accurate species identification; consequently these investigations are impacted by potential misidentifications. In this study, we amplified 5' region of mitochondrial c cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene (DNA barcode region) of various common true cutworm species including Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766), Agrotis exclamationis (Linnaeus, 1758), Peridroma saucia (Hübner, 1808) and Xestia c-nigrum (Linnaeus, 1758) from agricultural fields of Guilan province (North of Iran). We were able to detect 66 conservative Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) among the targeted pest species and eventually design specific primers and develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay as a molecular diagnostic tool for immature stages of two the most common and abundant species including A. ipsilon and X. c-nigrum in Guilan province.

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Antioxidant, Nutraceutical Properties, and Fluorescence Spectral Profiles of Bee Pollen Samples from Different Botanical Origins

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9101001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1001

Author(s):

Daniele Barbieri ◽

Morena Gabriele ◽

Martina Summa ◽

Raffaele Colosimo ◽

Donatella Leonardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Front Face ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Bee Pollen ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Bee pollen is made by honey bees (Apis Mellifera) from the pollen of plants and flowers and represents an apiary product enriched in essential amino acids, polyphenols, omega-3, and omega-6 fatty acids. This study investigated the botanical origin, micronutrient profile, and antioxidant activity of bee pollen samples (n = 10) harvested in Lucca and Massa Carrara (Tuscany, Italy) between 2016 and 2017. The palynological analysis showed that bee pollen samples were composed of nine botanical families. Front-face fluorescence spectroscopy was performed on bee pollen samples in bulk, without any treatment, and in ethanol extracts to determine the characteristic fluorescent profile and, to identify the main chemical compounds with biological activity. The main chemical compounds detected were polyphenols (mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids), hydro-soluble vitamins (B2, B3, B6, and B9), amino acids, and pigments. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was investigated, and one of the two Viburnum pollens resulted in the highest polyphenols and flavonoids content (20.15 ± 0.15 mg GAE/g fw and 23.46 ± 0.08 mg CE/g fw, respectively). However, Prunus and Eucalyptus families showed the highest in vitro (190.27 ± 8.30 µmol Fe2+/g) and ex vivo (54.61 ± 8.51 CAA unit) antioxidant capacity, respectively. These results suggested that Tuscan bee pollen, depending on the botanical family, is rich in essential nutrients and potential nutraceutical product.

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