scholarly journals AANAT transgenic sheep generated via OPS vitrified-microinjected pronuclear embryos and reproduction efficiency of the transgenic offspring

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuzhi Tian ◽  
Dongying Lv ◽  
Teng Ma ◽  
Shoulong Deng ◽  
Minghui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Frozen Embryos ◽  
Transgenic Sheep ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Reproduction Efficiency ◽  
Lambing Rate

Background The open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification method has been successfully applied in mouse, pig, and goat embryos as well as in buffalo oocytes, but it has not yet been applied to the microinjected embryos. This study examined the effects of OPS vitrification on embryo development and the reproductive capacity of the transgenic offspring in order to establish a method for preservation of microinjected embryos. Methods Ovine pronuclear embryos were microinjected with the exogenous aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase gene (AANAT), frozen by the OPS method, and subsequently thawed for embryo transplantation. Pregnancy rate, lambing rate, survival rate, average birth weight and transgenic positive rate as well as reproduction efficiency and hormone level of the transgenic offspring were investigated to analyze the effect of OPS vitrification on microinjectd pronuclear embryos. Results No significant differences were observed in the birth rate, lamb survival rate and transgenic positive rate between the frozen and non-frozen AANAT-microinjected pronuclear embryos. The average birth weight of the frozen embryos offspring was greater than that of the non-frozen embryos. Importantly, the transgenic offspring that overexpressed the AANAT gene showed improved ovulation efficiency and lambing rate by regulating their hormone levels. Conclusions The OPS vitrification approach may be a valuable method in microinjected- embryo transfer technology, which could reserve embryos and result in fewer unnecessary animal sacrifices. In addition, the AANAT+ transgenic offspring exhibited improved reproductive capacity on account of regulation effect of melatonin on reproductive hormone. These data may provide available references for human-assisted reproduction.

79RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SURVIVAL RATE AND BIRTH WEIGHT IN CLONED KOREAN NATIVE CALVES

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
B.C. Yang ◽  
G.S. Im ◽  
D.H. Kim ◽  
S.K. Lee ◽  
H.S. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Bovine

Cloning of somatic cells has been investigated actively in cattle, but the cloned calves have been characterized by high birth weight and low survival rate. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationships between survival rate and birth weight in cloned and AI calves. The ear skin fibroblasts were obtained from 2- to 3-year-old Korean native cows (Hanwoo) and the cells were cultured in Dulbeccos Modified Eagles medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 38.5°C, 5% CO2 in air. Bovine oocytes collected from ovaries obtained from a nearby slaughterhouse were cultured in vitro and then enucleated, injected with donor cells and fused, and cultured to produce cloned embryos at the blastocyst stage. Somatic cell cloning and in vitro culture of embryos were performed by the procedures described previously (Im et al., 2001 AJAS 14, 759–764, and Im et al., 2001 AJAS 14, 1260–1266). A total of 580 cloned embryos at blastocyst stage were transferred to 293 recipient cows; 32 female calves (5.5%) were born (2 of them were born dead). Thirty-four (15 female and 19 male ) calves (57.6%) were born from 59 artificially inseminated Korean native cows as control. Fifteen of the 32 cloned calves were delivered by caesarean section. However, all the artificially inseminated cows delivered naturally. Birth weights of 30 live cloned calves averaged 31.08kg (>15kg:3, 20kg:2, 25kg:2, 30kg:5, 35kg:9, 40kg:6, <45kg:3), while those of female AI calves averaged 23.67kg (>15kg:0, 20kg:3, 25kg:6, 30kg:6, 35kg:0, 40kg:0, <45kg:0). After calving, 11 of 30 cloned calves survived for more than 365 days (birth weight of these calves averaged 28.25kg), but 19 of 30 calves died within 175 days and their average birth weight was 32.80kg (650kg). Gestation length of cows that received cloned embryos was 287 (279–295) days on average (excluding the data of calves delivered by caesarean section) and that of cows artificially inseminated was 287 (255–293) days. In conclusion, the birth weight was significantly correlated (P<0.05) with survival rate of cloned calves, and survival rates of calves with extremely high or low birth weights were significantly low. However, there was no relationship between gestation length and survival rate.

scholarly journals Pregnancy and Obstetric Outcomes of Dichorionic and Trichorionic Triamniotic Triplet Pregnancy with Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction: A Retrospective Analysis Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhua Liu ◽  
Guanjian Li ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Xianxia Chen ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Miscarriage Rate ◽  
Monochorionic Twins ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Management Group ◽  
Gestational Week

Abstract Background: It is generally beneficial for triplet gestation or high-order multiple pregnancies to operate multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) after assisted reproductive techniques. However, data on pregnancy outcomes is lacking regarding dichorionic triamniotic (DCTA) and trichorionic triplets (TCTA) pregnancy.Method: This research analyzes the difference between 128 DCTA and 179 TCTA pregnancies with or without MFPR after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles between January 2015 and June 2020. The subdivided subgroups of the two groups are reduction to singleton, reduction to dichorionic twins, and anticipation management groups. We also compare the pregnancy and obstetric outcomes between 2104 dichorionic twins and 122 monochorionic twins.Result: The research subgroups were DCTA to monochorionic singleton pregnancies (n=76), DCTA to dichorionic twin pregnancies (n=18), DCTA-anticipation management (n=34), TCTA to monochorionic singleton pregnancies (n=31), TCTA to dichorionic twin pregnancies (n=130), and TCTA-anticipation management (n=18). In DCTA-anticipation management group, the complete miscarriage rate is dramatically higher, and the survival rate and the rate of take-home babies are lower. However, there was no difference between the rates of complete miscarriages, survival rates, and take-home babies in TCTA-anticipation management group. But the complete miscarriage rate of DCTA-anticipation management was obviously higher than that of TCTA-anticipation management group (29.41 vs. 5.56%, p=0.044). For obstetric outcomes, MFPR to singleton group had higher gestational week and average birth weight, but lower premature delivery, gestational hypertension rates and low birth weight in both DCTA and TCTA pregnancy groups (all p<0.05). Monochorionic twins have higher rates of complete, early, and late miscarriage, premature delivery, and late premature delivery, and lower survival rate and twin survival rate rates (p<0.05).Conclusion: MFPR could improve gestational week and average birth weight, reducing premature delivery, LBW, and gestational hypertension rates in DCTA and TCTA pregnancies. Monochorionic twins have worse pregnancy and obstetric outcomes. MFPR to singleton is preferable recommended in the pregnancy and obstetric management of complex triplets with monochorionic pair.

Lamb survival in two hill flocks

1959 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Purser ◽  
G. B. Young
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lamb Survival

The effects of birth weight, maternal age and parity on survival of single lambs have been studied in a Blackface and a Welsh Mountain flock.In both flocks the maximum survival rate was found to occur among lambs with birth weights just above the mean. Mortality increased as lambs' birth weight increased or decreased from the optimum, but was especially heavy at the lower extreme of the range of birth weights.Mortality decreased with age of dam to 14·3% for lambs from 4- to 6-year-old Blackface ewes and to 9·4% for lambs of 3- to 4-year-old Welsh ewes. Ewes having their first lambs gave mortality rates twice as great as for the mature ewes in the same flocks. The lower chances of survival of first born lambs irrespective of dam's age accounts for the apparent trend of mortality with maternal age in the Blackface.Changes in mortality rates associated with variation in lamb's birth weight and with the age structure of the ewe flock were estimated. Possible means of improvement of survival rate are discussed.

PSXII-28 Effects of the nutritional plane before and after breeding on performance of different hair sheep breeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 489-490
Author(s):  
Farida Belkasmi ◽  
Raquel V Lourencon ◽  
Ryszard Puchala ◽  
Terry A Gipson ◽  
Luana Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Female hair sheep, 27 Dorper (DOR), 41 Katahdin (KAT), and 39 St. Croix (STC), were used to determine influences of nutritional planes before and after breeding on performance. There were 35 multiparous and 72 primiparous sheep, the latter 2.8±0.20 yr of age. Wheat straw [4% crude protein; dry matter (DM) basis] was consumed ad libitum and supplemented with approximately 0.25% initial body weight (BW) of soybean meal (SBM; Low) or a 1:3 mixture of SBM and rolled corn at 1% BW (High; DM). The supplementation period was 162 d, and with breeding of animals in 2 groups sequentially the pre-breeding period was 84 and 97 d and that after breeding began was 78 and 65 d. Wheat straw DM intake (1.75, 1.30, 1.57, 1.15, 1.80, and 1.38% BW; SEM=0.112), average daily gain (-46, 42, -44, 70, -47, and 51 g; SEM=7.3), and change in body condition score (-0.61, 0.36, -0.53, 0.27, -0.39, and -0.18 for DOR-Low, DOR-High, KAT-Low, KAT-High, STC-Low, and STC-High, respectively; SEM=0.058) were influenced (P &lt; 0.05) by supplement treatment. Birth rate (66.7, 93.5, 84.6, 95.5, 82.8, and 100.0; SEM=9.83) and individual lamb birth weight (4.50, 4.61, 4.28, 3.98, 3.73, and 3.88 kg; SEM=0.201) were not affected by supplement treatment (P = 0.063 and 0.787, respectively), although litter size (0.92, 1.21, 1.17, 1.86, 1.12, and 1.82; SEM=0.221) and total litter birth weight (5.84, 5.74, 5.92, 7.52, 5.04, and 6.78 kg for DOR-Low, DOR-High, KAT-Low, KAT-High, STC-Low, and STC-High, respectively; SEM=0.529) were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for High than for Low. In conclusion, although there was some compensation in wheat straw intake for the different levels of supplementation, SBM given alone rather than with cereal grain adversely affected body weight and condition and reproductive performance, the latter primarily through litter size but also via a trend for an effect on birth rate.

The performance of pregnant and lactating Merino ewes and their lambs fed survival rations of wheat grain and sawdust

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (90) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Maculata ◽  
Maintenance Ration

Merino ewes were mated at pasture and then fed in pens either a maintenance or an 80 per cent maintenance ration of wheat grain three times a week. Half the animals at each feeding level were offered Spotted Gum (Eucalyptus maculata) sawdust. Addition of sawdust to the ration did not affect liveweight change and the wool growth rate of ewes or the birth weight and growth rate of lambs. It did, however, affect the long-term survival rate of ewes. Of the ewes that died after three months of survival feeding, four were in groups fed wheat alone and one in a group fed sawdust with the wheat. The survival rate and growth rate of lambs in all treatments were poor.

scholarly journals Serum Zinc Level at Term Pregnancy and Newborn Anthropometry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Seriana ◽  
Yusrawati Yusrawati ◽  
Gustina Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Newborn Anthropometry

Objective: To determine the relationship between serum zinc level at term pregnancy and newborn anthropometry. Methods: This study is an observational study with cross-sectional design. Serum zinc level at term pregnancy was measured and then anthropometric measurement was done to the newborn, including birth weight, birth length and head circumference at birth. The data were statistically analyzed using regression correlation test. Results: Mean serum zinc level at term pregnancy is 36.01 μg/dl (SD=18.34 μg/dl), the average birth weight is 3158 gr (SD=480.4 gr), the average birth length is 48.42 cm (SD=1.75 cm) and the average head circumference at birth is 33.13 cm (SD=1.14 cm). There was no statistically significant relationship between serum zinc levels at term pregnancy and birth weight (p-value=0.152). Meanwhile, there are statistically significant relationships between serum zinc level at term pregnancy with birth length and head circumference with pvalue 0.026 and 0.012, respectively. Conclusion: Serum zinc level at term pregnancy is correlated with birth length and head circumference, but is not correlated with birth weight. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 3-4: 190-195] Keywords: birth length, birth weight, head circumference at birth, serum zinc level, term pregnancy

Regional differences in birth size: a comparison between the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study and contemporaneous births on the Åland Islands

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sandboge ◽  
J. Fellman ◽  
P. M. Nilsson ◽  
A. W. Eriksson ◽  
C. Osmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Characteristics

The Åland Islands were recently ranked as Finland’s healthiest region with lower prevalence of several non-communicable diseases compared with the national mean. We have compared birth characteristics of 1697 individuals born on the Åland Islands between 1937 and 1944 with contemporaneous data from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (HBCS;n=11,808). This is a first step towards a potential future analysis of Ålandic health from a life-course perspective. Mean birth weight and length were calculated for both cohorts. Birth weight was entered into a multiple linear regression model with sex, maternal age, marital status and birth year as predictors. Mean birth weight in the Åland cohort was 3499 g, 87 g (95% CI 62; 111) higher compared with the HBCS. Sex and maternal marital status were the strongest predictors of birth weight. More detailed studies are needed to explore the potential effects of this difference in average birth weight between cohorts.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF VARYING PLANES OF WINTER NUTRITION OF BEEF COWS ON CALF PERFORMANCE TO WEANING

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Jordan ◽  
E. E. Lister ◽  
G. J. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Four Levels

For 4 consecutive years, calf production was compared for Shorthorn cows fed at four levels during winter pregnancy and barn-nursing: (I) ad libitum corn silage plus 1.0 kg mixed hay/100 kg initial body weight daily; (II), (III) and (IV) approximately 80, 60 and 40%, respectively, of level-I intake. Half of the cows on each level received 0.45 kg linseed oilmeal (LOM) per head, daily, and half of both the LOM and no-LOM cows received supplemental vitamin A (84,000 IU per head, weekly).Neither the 4-year average birth weight (32.8, 32.3, 34.8, 32.4 kg for levels I to IV, respectively) nor the 4-year average daily gain to weaning (0.85, 0.89, 0.89, 0.89 kg for levels I to IV, respectively) were significantly different (P > 0.05). The 4-year average wither height and body depth at birth were similarly not different for the four levels. Supplementing the dam’s ration with LOM and/or vitamin A had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on either weight and body measurements at birth or gain to weaning. It was only during year 3, when level-IV cows’ (non-LOM-supplemented) daily intake was 0.033 kg digestible protein and 0.36 kg total digestible nutrients per 100 kg initial weight, that protein supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) increased birth weight and body measurements of their calves. There was little difference in survival of calves from cows fed at different levels or fed LOM versus no LOM. Contrary to expectations, vitamin A-supplemented cows appeared to produce calves with poorer survival.

scholarly journals Delayed frozen embryo transfer failed to improve live birth rate and neonatal outcomes in patients requiring whole embryo freezing

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxia He ◽  
Haiyan Zheng ◽  
Hongzi Du ◽  
Jianqiao Liu ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Frozen Embryo Transfer ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) has a negative effect on the endometrial receptivity compared with natural menstrual cycle. Whether it’s necessary to postpone the first frozen embryo transfer (FET) following a freeze-all strategy in order to avoid any residual effect on endometrial receptivity consequent to COS was inconclusive. Objective The purpose of this retrospective study was to explore whether the delayed FET improve the live birth rate and neonatal outcomes stratified by COS protocols after a freeze-all strategy. Methods A total of 4404 patients who underwent the first FET cycle were enrolled in this study between April 2014 to December 2017, and were divided into immediate (within the first menstrual cycle following withdrawal bleeding) or delayed FET (waiting for at least one menstrual cycle and the transferred embryos were cryopreserved for less than 6 months). Furthermore, each group was further divided into two subgroups according to COS protocols, and the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were analyzed between the immediate and delayed FET following the same COS protocol. Results When FET cycles following the same COS protocol, there was no significant difference regarding the rates of live birth, implantation, clinical pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, early miscarriage, premature birth and stillbirth between immediate and delayed FET groups. Similarly, no significant differences were found for the mean gestational age, the mean birth weight, and rates of low birth weight and very low birth weight between the immediate and delayed FET groups. The sex ratio (male/female) and the congenital anomalies rate also did not differ significantly between the two FET groups stratified by COS protocols. Conclusion Regardless of COS protocols, FET could be performed immediately after a freeze-all strategy for delaying FET failed to improve reproductive and neonatal outcomes.

Birth outcomes are superior after transfer of fresh versus frozen embryos for donor oocyte recipients

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2850-2859
Author(s):  
Cassandra Roeca ◽  
Rachel L Johnson ◽  
Tracy Truong ◽  
Nichole E Carlson ◽  
Alex J Polotsky
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Donor Oocyte ◽  
Adjusted Risk Ratio ◽  
Frozen Embryos

Abstract STUDY QUESTION For donor oocyte recipients, are birth outcomes superior for fresh versus frozen embryos? SUMMARY ANSWER Among fresh donor oocyte recipients, fresh embryos are associated with better birth outcomes when compared with frozen embryos. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Frozen embryo transfer (ET) with vitrification has been associated with improved pregnancy rates, but also increased rates of large for gestational age infants. Donor oocyte recipients represent an attractive biological model to attempt to isolate the impact of embryo cryopreservation on IVF outcomes, yet there is a paucity of studies in this population. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A retrospective cohort of the US national registry, the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System, of IVF cycles of women using fresh donor oocytes resulting in ET between 2013 and 2015. Thawed oocytes were excluded. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS Good obstetric outcome (GBO), defined as a singleton, term, live birth with appropriate for gestational age birth weight, was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcomes included live birth, clinical pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, multiple births and gestational age-adjusted weight. Outcomes were modeled using the generalized estimating equation approach. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Data are from 25 387 donor oocyte cycles, in which 14 289 were fresh and 11 098 were frozen ETs. A GBO was 27% more likely in fresh ETs (26.3%) compared to frozen (20.9%) (adjusted risk ratio 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–1.35; P &lt; 0.001). Overall, fresh transfer was more likely to result in a live birth (55.7% versus 39.5%; adjusted risk ratio 1.21; 95% CI 1.18–1.26; P &lt; 0.001). Among singleton births, there was no difference in gestational age-adjusted birth weight between groups. LIMITATION, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our cohort findings contrast with data from autologous oocytes. Prospective studies with this population are warranted. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Among donor oocyte recipients, fresh ETs may be associated with better birth outcomes. Reassuringly, given its prevalent use, modern embryo cryopreservation does not appear to result in phenotypically larger infants. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) None. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

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