scholarly journals Physiological responses of hydroponically-grown Japanese mint under nutrient deficiency

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chananchida Janpen ◽  
Naruemon Kanthawang ◽  
Chaiartid Inkham ◽  
Fui Ying Tsan ◽  
Sarana Rose Sommano
Keyword(s):  
Plant Stress ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Japanese Mint ◽  
Iron Treatment ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Hydroponically Grown ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

This research aims to determine growth and deficiency patterns as well as antioxidative potentials of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis) hydroponically grown under limited macronutrients and micronutrients. The experiment was conducted for 60 days after transplanting in an evaporative greenhouse (avg temp = 28–30 °C, 60–65 %RH), using deep water culture technique. Plants were grown in nutrient solution consisting of complete Hoagland’s solution (CTRL), and nutrient solutions lacking one of the following macronutrients and micronutrients: nitrogen (-N), phosphorus (-P), potassium (-K), iron (-Fe), manganese (-Mn), and copper (-Cu). The deficiency symptoms, growth patterns, and stress response mechanism were followed. All treatments except for the CTRL induced deficiency symptoms and physiological changes. Macronutrient deprivation reduced growth determined by the morphological parameters while micronutrient omission had no effect except for no iron treatment. The result showed that potassium and iron deficiencies had foremost adversely effect on growth of Japanese mint. Under nutrient stress conditions, plant only gave antioxidative responses to phosphorus and potassium deficiencies. However, the negative plant-stress relationship was found for no iron treatment indicating the detoxification mode of plant for lacking of micronutrient.

Leaf—Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms

1984 ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
Janice Glimn-Lacy ◽  
Peter B. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms

scholarly journals A Study of Factors Influencing Plant Growth by WSN Approach and Plant Nutrient Deficiency Classification in Tomato Using SVM

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Vrunda Kusanur ◽  
◽  
Veena S Chakravarthi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Polynomial Kernel ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Machine Learning Model

Soil temperature and humidity straight away influence plant growth and the availability of plant nutrients. In this work, we carried out experiments to identify the relationship between climatic parameters and plant nutrients. When the relative humidity was very high, deficiency symptoms were shown on plant leaves and fruits. But, recognizing and managing these plant nutrients manually would become difficult. However, no much research has been done in this field. The main objective of this research was to propose a machine learning model to manage nutrient deficiencies in the plant. There were two main phases in the proposed research. In the first phase, the humidity, temperature, and soil moisture in the greenhouse environment were collected using WSN and the influence of these parameters on the growth of plants was studied. During experimentation, it was investigated that the transpiration rate decreased significantly and the macronutrient contents in the plant leave decreased when the humidity was 95%. In the second phase, a machine learning model was developed to identify and classify nutrient deficiency symptoms in a tomato plant. A total of 880 images were collected from Bingo images to form a dataset. Among all these images, 80% (704 images) of the dataset were used to train the machine learning model and 20% (176 images) of the dataset were used for testing the model performance. In this study, we selected K-means Clustering for key points detection and SVM for classification and prediction of nutrient stress in the plant. SVM using linear kernel performed better with the accuracy rates of 89.77 % as compared to SVM using a polynomial kernel.

scholarly journals Gasified Rice Hull Biochar Affects Nutrition and Growth of Horticultural Crops in Container Substrates

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Locke ◽  
James E. Altland ◽  
Craig W. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Lycopersicon Lycopersicum ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Soilless Substrate

This research was conducted to determine if gasified rice hull biochar (GRHB), inherently high in phosphorus and potassium content, could be used as an amendment to container substrates to eliminate the need for other phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Geranium (Pelargonium xhortorum ‘Maverick Red’), pansy (Viola xwittrockiana ‘Mammoth Blue Deep Dazzle’), sunflower (Helianthus annus ‘Pacino Gold’), zinnia (Zinnia elegans ‘Oklahoma White’), and tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum ‘Mega Bite’) were grown in a standard commercial soilless substrate composed of sphagnum peat moss:perlite (85:15, by vol) and amended with 0, 5, or 10% GRHB (by vol). A group of plants labeled as NPK-fertilized controls were fertilized with 7.1 mM nitrogen (N), 0.7 mM phosphorus (P), and 1.4 mM potassium (K) derived from ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and potassium phosphate (K2HPO4). Other treatments received 0, 5, or 10% GRHB and fertilized with 7.1 mM N using NH4NO3. Gasified rice hull biochar had little effect on substrate pH over the course of the experiment. While pH was higher with 10% GRHB than NPK-fertilized controls by 6 weeks after potting (WAP), the difference was only 0.19 pH units. The GRHB used in this study provides a source of readily available phosphate and potassium when incorporated at 5 or 10%. While the five crops grown in this study were of similar size and lacked any signs of nutrient deficiency when amended with GRHB, foliar concentrations of P and K were low when their only source was from pre-incorporated GRHB.

scholarly journals  Soil environment and nutrient status of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) underplantings in conditions of the 8th FAZ in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts.

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
J. Pecháček ◽  
D. Vavříček ◽  
P. Samec
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Humus Substances ◽  
Statistical Survey

The main objective of this study was to investigate the causes of nutrient deficiency symptoms in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) underplantings in the Hrub&yacute; Jesen&iacute;k Mts. In the area concerned 19 research plots were established, representing the ridge sites of the 8th FAZ of acid edaphic categories. On these plots samples were taken from topmost soil horizons and needle samples were collected in two series &ndash; from healthy and from damaged trees. The results of this study demonstrate that the nutrient deficiency symptoms and reduced vitality of evaluated underplantings were caused by the insufficient uptake of main nutrients (Mg, P, K, N<sub>t</sub>). High contents of toxic elements Al, S in damaged needles are another factor that negatively influences the health status of these underplantings.<br />A statistical survey showed that damage to underplantings increased with decreasing proportions of main nutrients (N<sub>t</sub>, Mg, Ca, K) in organomineral horizons. At the same time the content of basic nutrients (N<sub>t</sub>, Mg, Ca, K) was found to increase in this horizon with an increasing proportion of oxidizable organic carbon (C<sub>ox</sub>). The proportion of humus substances and the content of basic nutrients (N<sub>t</sub>, Mg, Ca, K) in organomineral horizons become a limiting factor for the normal growth and development of Norway spruce plantings in the ridge part of the Hrub&yacute; Jesen&iacute;k Mts.

Dynamic response of plant chlorophyll fluorescence to light, water and nutrient availability

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pilar Cendrero-Mateo ◽  
A. Elizabete Carmo-Silva ◽  
Albert Porcar-Castell ◽  
Erik P. Hamerlynck ◽  
Shirley A. Papuga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Light Response Curves ◽  
Thermal Energy Dissipation ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
The Relationship

Chlorophyll molecules absorb photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). The resulting excitation energy is dissipated by three competing pathways at the level of photosystem: (i) photochemistry (and, by extension, photosynthesis); (ii) regulated and constitutive thermal energy dissipation; and (iii) chlorophyll-a fluorescence (ChlF). Because the dynamics of photosynthesis modulate the regulated component of thermal energy dissipation (widely addressed as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)), the relationship between photosynthesis, NPQ and ChlF changes with water, nutrient and light availability. In this study we characterised the relationship between photosynthesis, NPQ and ChlF when conducting light-response curves of photosynthesis in plants growing under different water, nutrient and ambient light conditions. Our goals were to test whether ChlF and photosynthesis correlate in response to water and nutrient deficiency, and determine the optimum PAR level at which the correlation is maximal. Concurrent gas exchange and ChlF light-response curves were measured for Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz and Triticum durum (L.) Desf plants grown under (i) intermediate light growth chamber conditions, and (ii) high light environment field conditions respectively. Plant stress was induced by withdrawing water in the chamber experiment, and applying different nitrogen levels in the field experiment. Our study demonstrated that ChlF was able to track the variations in photosynthetic capacity in both experiments, and that the light level at which plants were grown was optimum for detecting both water and nutrient deficiency with ChlF. The decrease in photosynthesis was found to modulate ChlF via different mechanisms depending on the treatment: through the action of NPQ in response to water stress, or through the action of changes in leaf chlorophyll concentration in response to nitrogen deficiency. This study provides support for the use of remotely sensed ChlF as a proxy to monitor plant stress dynamics from space.

Plant Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms

2003 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-246
Author(s):  
David R. Hershey
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms

scholarly journals Exogenous Sucrose Supply Regulates the Non-Structural Carbohydrate, Endogenous Hormone and Mineral Element Levels before the Flower Blooming and Fruit Abscission Stages in the Biodiesel Tree Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Shilun Gao ◽  
Liming Jia ◽  
Shiqi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Migration Pathway ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Sucrose Supply

Abstract Background: Nutrient deficiency leads to a high fruit abscission rate in Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. (Soapberry), which is one of the most widely cultivated biodiesel feedstock forests in China. Exogenous sucrose can provide a solution to nutrient deficiency and fruit abscission, which was applied to whole trees at two stages, 20 days before blooming (DBB stage) and fruit abscission (DBFA stage). Six sucrose concentrations, 0%, 1%, 1.5%, 3%, 5% and 7%, were sprayed three times at a completely randomized block design with 5 replications and 6 treatments. 13CO2 labelling experiments were carried out after the 3 sprayings. Results: (1) In the DBB stage, the 3% treatment significantly increased the inflorescence fructose and glucose contents 1-1.2 times, also resulted in the highest fruit GA3, leaf IAA, fruit IAA and fruit ZT contents, while it decreased the inflorescence ABA from 16 μg/g to 4 μg/g. (2) The 1.5% and 3% treatments significantly increased the carbohydrate content and decreased fruit ABA content to 30%-50% of the control level in the DBFA stage. (3) High-concentration sugar treatment (over 3%) increased the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents, which decreased the calcium and magnesium contents. (4) The 13C-dispatching ability of the inflorescence was 3 times greater than leaves under high-concentration sugar treatment in the DBB stage. Supplying 1.5% sucrose nearly doubled the allocation capacity in the DBFA stage. (5) The source-sink nutrient migration pathway showed that leaf and fruit sugars were directly correlated via phosphorus. Fruit fructose and glucose contents affected the leaf mineral element contents. Conclusions: It can conclude that exogenous application of 3% sucrose in the DBB stage and 1.5% sucrose in the DBFA stage can increase the sink nutrition allocation capacity, and phosphorus is the main mineral element correlated with leaf and fruit sugars.

scholarly journals 794 PB 062 THE ROLE OF PHOSPHORUS IN MAGNESIUM TRANS LOCATION IN MUSCADINES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 547a-547
Author(s):  
Creiehton L. Gunton ◽  
James M. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The role of phosphorus (P) in magnesium (Mg) translocation from roots to leaves of muscadines (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) was investigated in shadehouse experiments. Vines of 13 clones were grown for two seasons in sand culture fertilized with nutrient solutions containing no P (-P), 20 PPM P (+P), and -P plus P added during the two weeks before harvest (-P+P). Leaves were sampled at the end of each growing season and in July of the second year and analyzed for P, potassium (K), and Mg content. Mg and K contents of roots were determined at the end of the second year. No interactions occurred between clones and P fertilization levels for Mg or K content, indicating no differences among clones in response of these minerals to P treatments. Leaf Mg content was slightly but significantly lower for -P than +P treatments in the `92 and July `93 samples but about rhe same in September `93. Root Mg content in September `93 was higher for +P than -P or -P+P. No evidence was found that Mg translocation from root to leaves was mediated by P. No Mg deficiency symptoms were visible on the leaves for any treatment.

scholarly journals 540 Influence of Calcium Nutrition on Growth and Tissue Electrolyte Leakage in Carrot (Daucus carota)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 488E-488
Author(s):  
Keun Ho Cho ◽  
Chiwon W. Lee ◽  
Larry J. Cihacek ◽  
Robert W. Stack ◽  
Hoon Kang
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Calcium Nutrition ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Hydroponically Grown ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The influence of calcium (Ca++) nutrition on the growth and root tissue electrolyte leakage (EL) of carrot (Daucus carota) was investigated using a hydroponic culture system. Seedlings of `Navajo' carrot were grown for 10 weeks with roots submersed in hydroponic nutrient solutions containing 0, 0.1, 1, 2, 4, or 8 meq/L Ca++. The nutrient solution was replenished weekly with its pH maintained at 5.8 for the entire experimental period. The tap root lengths increased as solution Ca++ concentration increased. The diameter and fresh and dry weights of the tap roots increased as Ca++ concentration increased up to 4 meq/L, and then decreased at 8 meq/L Ca++. The root and petiole concentrations of sugar, potassium, and nitrate were unaffected by changes in nutrient solution Ca++ levels. The tissue EL, when tested for the stored roots, decreased as solution Ca++ concentration increased (r = 0.602). Results of this experiment suggest that calcium nutrition is essential for maintaining cell wall integrity in hydroponically grown carrot roots.

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