Resilience is inversely associated with self-harm behaviors among Chinese adolescents with childhood maltreatment

Background Abundant studies have identified the association between childhood maltreatment and self-harm (SH), but little has been discussed with regard to the role of resilience in SH behaviors of adolescents who had experienced childhood maltreatment. In this study, we investigated if resilience, as well as its five dimensions, could present negative associations with presence, repetition, and severity of SH among maltreated and neglected adolescents in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey including 2,084 maltreated teenagers aged from 10 to 17 years was conducted in southwest China Yunnan province. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), The Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA), and the Modified version of Adolescents Self-Harm Scale (MASHS) were adopted to measure childhood maltreatment experiences, psychological resilience, and SH behaviors of the respondents, respectively. Binary univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to discuss the associations between resilience and occurrence, repetition, severity of SH. Results Among the participants who met the criteria of CTQ, the prevalence rates of SH were 63.83%, 73.94%, 71.50%, 55.53%, and 58.21% for physical abuse (PA), emotional abuse (EA), sexual abuse (SA), physical neglect (PN), and emotional neglect (EN). Final regression model demonstrated that resilience was in general inversely associated with SH, repeated SH, and severe SH for all types of childhood maltreatment, with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) ranging from 0.29 (95% CI: 0.19-0.44) to 0.46 (95% CI: 0.26-0.81). Of the five dimensions of resilience, emotion regulation served as the strongest associated factor of SH among abused youths, regardless of maltreatment types. Besides, compared with those who had lower level of goal concentration and interpersonal assistance, subjects with higher resilience level reported significantly decreased risks of SH occurrence, SH repetition, and more severe SH, in adolescents who had experienced EA and PN. Conclusions Resilience showed inverse association with childhood maltreatment related SH in Chinese adolescents. These findings preliminarily indicated that interventions targeting on building up resilience, especially enhancing emotion regulation ability, improving goal concentration, and consolidating interpersonal assistance, could be effective in reducing SH risk, repetition, and severity in maltreated Chinese teenagers.

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Childhood maltreatment and self-harm in Chinese adolescents: moderation and mediation via resilience

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11605-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xin Tian ◽

Jin Lu ◽

Yusan Che ◽

Die Fang ◽

Hailiang Ran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽

Five Dimensions ◽

Self Harm

Abstract Background Published studies examining the association between childhood maltreatment (CM) and self-harm (SH) among adolescents have been accumulated. It is possible that resilience serves as a moderator or mediator in CM-SH association, nevertheless, this topic has never been thoroughly investigated. Methods In this population-based cross-sectional study, we surveyed 3146 students aged 10–17 in southwest China. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Modified version of Adolescents Self-Harm Scale (MASHS), and the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA) were used to measure CM, SH, and resilience. Correlational analyses, hierarchical multivariate linear regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed to test the moderation and mediation of resilience in CM-SH association. Results Findings revealed that, resilience with its five dimensions, CM, and SH were significantly correlated with each other. Resilience partially moderated and mediated the association between CM and SH. Besides, among all dimensions of resilience, emotion regulation, interpersonal assistance, and family support presented the strongest mediation in CM-SH association. Conclusions Our results highlight the importance of resilience in CM related SH among Chinese teenagers. Resilience-oriented intervention could be considered in SH intervention measures for adolescents who had experienced CM.

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Association between schizoid tendencies and aggressive behaviors: mediating and moderating influences in childhood trauma and life events among Chinese adolescents

Annals of General Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12991-021-00371-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tingyu Yang ◽

Yuqiong He ◽

Shuxian Wu ◽

Xilong Cui ◽

Xuerong Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Life Events ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Short Form ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Emotional Neglect ◽

Aggressive Behaviors ◽

Physical Neglect

Abstract Background This study investigated an association between schizoid tendencies and aggressive behaviors in Chinese adolescents, and explored the underlying mechanism. Methods The data of 3094 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years were collected from an epidemiological survey in China. All the subjects or their parents completed the Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, and the Adolescent Self-rating Life Event Checklist (ASLEC). Results Relative to the non-schizoid group, adolescents with schizoid tendencies (male or female) showed significantly higher scores for aggressive behaviors, emotional abuse, and ASLEC. Regarding females only, those with schizoid tendencies had significantly higher (lower) scores for physical abuse and emotional neglect (physical neglect). The aggressive behaviors score was predicted by scores for schizoid tendencies (βmale = 0.620, βfemale = 0.638, both P < 0.001) and ASLEC (βmale = 0.125, βfemale = 0.061, both P < 0.01), and by childhood trauma score (males: emotional neglect [β = 0.045, P = 0.021]; females: emotional abuse and sexual abuse [β = 0.118 and − 0.062, both P < 0.01]). The ASLEC and childhood trauma scores mediated the association between scores for schizoid tendencies and aggressive behaviors, specifically, emotional neglect (emotional abuse and sexual abuse) in males (females). In females, the interaction between scores for childhood trauma and ASLEC affected the aggressive behaviors score (P = 0.023). Conclusions Schizoid tendencies are associated with aggressive behaviors among Chinese adolescents. Recent life events and childhood trauma mediated an association between schizoid tendencies and aggressive behaviors. The interaction between childhood trauma and recent life events affected aggressive behaviors in females. Aggressive behaviors in adolescents may be ameliorated by reducing childhood trauma and life events.

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The Impact of Retrospective Childhood Maltreatment on Eating Disorders as Mediated by Food Addiction: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12102969 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2969 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rami Bou Khalil ◽

Ghassan Sleilaty ◽

Sami Richa ◽

Maude Seneque ◽

Sylvain Iceta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yale Food Addiction Scale ◽

Physical Neglect ◽

The Impact

Background: The current study aimed to test whether food addiction (FA) might mediate the relationship between the presence of a history of childhood maltreatment and eating disorder (ED) symptom severity. Methods: Participants were 231 patients with ED presenting between May 2017 and January 2020 to a daycare treatment facility for assessment and management with mainly the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0). Results: Participants had a median age of 24 (interquartile range (IQR) 20–33) years and manifested anorexia nervosa (61.47%), bulimia nervosa (16.88%), binge-eating disorders (9.09%), and other types of ED (12.55%). They were grouped into those likely presenting FA (N = 154) and those without FA (N = 77). The group with FA reported higher scores on all five CTQ subscales, as well as the total score of the EDI-2 (p < 0.001). Using mediation analysis; significant indirect pathways between all CTQ subscales and the EDI-2 total score emerged via FA, with the largest indirect effect emerging for physical neglect (standardized effect = 0.208; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.127–0.29) followed by emotional abuse (standardized effect = 0.183; 95% CI 0.109–0.262). Conclusion: These results are compatible with a model in which certain types of childhood maltreatment, especially physical neglect, may induce, maintain, and/or exacerbate ED symptoms via FA which may guide future treatments.

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Childhood Maltreatment History as a Risk Factor for Sexual Harassment Among U.S. Army Soldiers

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.13.3.269 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 269-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Leora N. Rosen ◽

Lee Martin

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽

Sexual Harassment ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Well Being ◽

The United States ◽

Sexual Experiences ◽

Unwanted Sexual Experiences ◽

Physical Neglect

Four different types of childhood maltreatment were examined as predictors of unwanted sexual experiences and acknowledged sexual harassment among male and female active duty soldiers in the United States Army. Predictor variables included childhood sexual abuse, physical-emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. Three types of unwanted sexual experiences in the workplace were examined as outcome variables: gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and coercion. Both sexual and physical-emotional abuse during childhood were found to be predictors of unwanted sexual experiences and of acknowledged sexual harassment in the workplace. Among female soldiers, the most severe type of unwanted experience—coercion—was predicted only by childhood physical-emotional abuse. Among male soldiers childhood sexual abuse was the strongest predictor of coercion. A greater variety of types of childhood maltreatment predicted sexual harassment outcomes for male soldiers. Childhood maltreatment and adult sexual harassment were predictors of psychological well-being for soldiers of both genders.

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Link between History of Childhood Maltreatment and Emotion Dysregulation in Adults Suffering from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Borderline Personality Disorder

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9101469 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1469

Author(s):

Eva Rüfenacht ◽

Eléonore Pham ◽

Rosetta Nicastro ◽

Karen Dieben ◽

Roland Hasler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Emotion Dysregulation ◽

Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽

Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽

Emotion Reactivity ◽

History Of ◽

Regulation Strategies ◽

The Relationship

Childhood maltreatment (CM) may have a long-term effect on emotion regulation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between CM and emotion dysregulation (ED) in a heterogeneous population. Four hundred seventy French-speaking outpatients (N = 279 ADHD, N = 70 BPD, N = 60 ADHD + BPD, N = 61 clinical controls) completed the Emotion Reactivity Scale (ERS), the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ). Reports of childhood maltreatment experiences were significantly associated with increased levels of emotion reactivity in all our groups and in the whole population, with a greater use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and insecure attachment patterns. Emotional abuse showed the strongest effect. Further analysis indicated that an anxious attachment style significantly mediated the relationship between CM and the use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotion reactivity. The results of our study suggest an impact of CM on ED and a potentially marked effect of emotional abuse. They also indicate a potentially mediating role of insecure attachment in the relationship between a history of childhood abuse and emotion reactivity and a higher use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in adulthood.

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Test anxiety and emotion regulation among undergraduate medical students in China: the mediating role of psychological resilience

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29594/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuguo Liu ◽

Haiyan Pan ◽

Runhuang Yang ◽

Xingjie Wang ◽

Jiawei Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Medical Students ◽

Test Anxiety ◽

Psychological Resilience ◽

Self Healing ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Mediating Role

Abstract Background: Medical students experience a considerable amount of anxiety due to exams. Emotion regulation and psychological resilience are established protective factors of individual mental health, however, the investigations for the effects of anxiety were limited. The goal of the present study was to examine the relationship of psychological resilience and emotion regulation with test anxiety and the associated factors of them among medical students.Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, a simple random sampling methods was used to select the participants. Information from a sample of 1266 medical students was collected by self-reporting questionnaires. Logistic regression was applied to test the associations between test anxiety and emotion regulation, resilience. Bootstrap were conducted to explore the mediating role of resilience.Results: Our important results were that the prevalence of problematic test anxiety among medical students to be 71.4%, 33.7% was high test anxiety. Gender and academic performance correlated significantly with test anxiety, emotion regulation, and psychological resilience. There were correlations between test anxiety and various dimensions of emotion regulation and psychological resilience ( P<0.01 ). Emotion regulation and psychological resilience predicted emerging test anxiety. The mediating role of psychological resilience was identified for the effects of emotion regulation on test anxiety.Conclusions： Findings suggest that emotion regulation affected test anxiety through psychological resilience, which may provide insights for clinical psychologists, raise their awareness of the importance of cultivating and improving medical students' psychological resilience, and prompt them to offer psychological support to students with test anxiety as early as possible. The combination of curing and self-healing can solve the root cause of the problem and truly apply psychological research to improving the mental health of the general public.

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Mental Health Pathways Linking Childhood Maltreatment to Interpersonal Revictimization During Adolescence for Girls in the Child Welfare System

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260515614561 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 1169-1191 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Wendy Auslander ◽

Sarah Myers Tlapek ◽

Jennifer Threlfall ◽

Tonya Edmond ◽

Jerry Dunn

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Child Welfare ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Child Welfare System ◽

Welfare System ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Abuse And Neglect ◽

Physical Neglect

This study compares the association of histories of childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and physical neglect with revictimization among adolescent girls, and investigates the role of posttraumatic stress and symptoms of depression as mediators. Participants were 234 girls aged 12 to 19 years, who have been involved with the child welfare system in a Midwestern urban area. Data were collected from baseline surveys of a trauma-focused group program to which the participants were referred. The majority of participants were youths of color (75%) who were primarily African American (70%), and the remaining participants were White, non-Hispanic (25%). Data were collected through surveys that assessed histories of child abuse and neglect, symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression, and experiences of physical, verbal, and relational revictimization in the last 3 months. All types of abuse and neglect were significantly associated with higher frequencies of revictimization and higher levels of posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms. Parallel mediation analyses demonstrated that both posttraumatic stress and depression fully mediated the relationships between emotional abuse and revictimization, and sexual abuse and revictimization. Physical abuse was fully mediated by posttraumatic stress, but not by depression. Results also indicated that neither posttraumatic stress nor depression were mediators for the relationship between neglect and revictimization. There were similar pathways to revictimization in adolescents from emotional and sexual abuse through posttraumatic stress and depression. Evidence is mounting for the deleterious effects of emotional abuse. There is evidence that treatment of both posttraumatic stress and depression in emotionally and sexually abused adolescents involved in child welfare is warranted to prevent future revictimization.

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Childhood maltreatment and suicide attempts in prisoners: a systematic meta-analytic review

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291719002848 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ioannis Angelakis ◽

Jennifer L. Austin ◽

Patricia Gooding

Keyword(s):

Publication Bias ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Random Effect ◽

Traumatic Experiences ◽

Analytic Review ◽

Physical Neglect ◽

Trim And Fill ◽

Meta Analyses

AbstractIn the past decade, the links between core types of childhood maltreatment and suicidal acts have become an increasingly important area of investigation. However, no meta-analytic review has examined this relationship in prisoners. We undertook the first systematic meta-analytic review examining the link between childhood maltreatment and suicide attempts in prisoners to redress this important gap. We searched Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL from inception until August 2019. Meta-analyses using random effect models were applied, and heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. Publication bias and risk of bias across studies were assessed. We identified 24 studies comprising 16 586 prisoners. The rates of different types of childhood maltreatment ranged between 29% and 68% [95% confidence interval (CI) 18–81%]. The rate of suicide attempts in prisoners was 23% (95% CI 18–27%). Main results demonstrated that sexual abuse [odds ratio (OR) 2.68, 95% CI 1.86–3.86], physical abuse (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.60–2.91), emotional abuse (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.92–3.79), emotional neglect (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.69–3.10), physical neglect (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.27–1.94) and combined abuse (OR 3.09, 95% CI 2.14–4.45) were strongly associated with suicide attempts in prisoners. There was an indication of publication bias. Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill method was applied, which increased the odds for suicide attempts. Given the high rates of prison suicide deaths and suicide attempts, our findings suggest an urgent need for targeted suicide prevention priorities for prisoners, with a particular focus on ameliorating the effects of childhood traumatic experiences on suicidal prisoners.

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Childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation in Chinese children and adolescents: the mediation of resilience

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11758 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11758

Author(s):

Xue Chen ◽

Linling Jiang ◽

Yi Liu ◽

Hailiang Ran ◽

Runxu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Regression Models ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Path Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models

Background Childhood maltreatment could increase the risk of suicidal ideation (SI) in adolescents. However, the mediation of resilience in this association remains unclear. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study has been done among 3,146 Chinese adolescents. We collected relevant information from the study participants by using self-administered questionnaire. Chinese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA), and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI) were used to measure childhood maltreatment, resilience, and SI, respectively. Univariate and multivariate binary Logistic regression models were employed to estimate crude and adjusted associations between childhood maltreatment, resilience, and SI. Path analysis has subsequently been performed to measure the mediation of resilience in this association. Results Multivariate Logistic regression models revealed that compared to non-abused counterparts, adolescents who had ever experienced any type of childhood maltreatment was 1.74 times likely to report SI. Among the specific types of childhood maltreatment, emotional abuse showed the strongest association with SI (adjusted OR = 3.01, 95% CI [2.37–3.82]). Path model suggested that over one-third (39.8%) of the total association between childhood maltreatment and SI was mediated via resilience. Emotion regulation and interpersonal assistance were the most prominent mediators among all dimensions of resilience. Conclusions Resilience played as a significant mediator in the association between childhood maltreatment and SI. Resilience-oriented intervention measures could be considered for suicidal risk prevention among abused Chinese adolescents.

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427How does childhood maltreatment influence cardiovascular disease? A sequential causal mediation analysis

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ana Goncalves Soares ◽

Laura D Howe ◽

Gemma Hammerton ◽

Jon Heron ◽

Janet Rich-Edwards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Physical Neglect ◽

Causal Mediation Analysis ◽

Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the mechanisms of this relationship are not fully understood. We explored the relative contribution of anxiety/depression, smoking, body mass index (BMI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to the association between CM and CVD in the United Kingdom (UK) and whether this differed by sex and type of maltreatment. Methods We used data from 40,596 men and 59,511 women from UK Biobank. To estimate the indirect effects of CM (physical, sexual and emotional abuse, and emotional and physical neglect) on incident CVD, we applied a sequential mediation approach using g-computation. Results Together anxiety/depression, smoking, BMI and CRP mediated 26%-90% of the association between CM and CVD, and the contribution of these mediators differed by type of maltreatment and sex. For sexual abuse, emotional abuse and emotional neglect, anxiety/depression was the most important mediator (accounting for 16%-43% of the total effect), especially in women. In men, BMI contributed the most in associations of physical abuse and physical neglect with CVD; in women anxiety/depression and BMI had similar contributions. Conclusions These findings add to the understanding of how CM affects CVD and highlight the potential to reduce the burden of CVD in people exposed to CM through targeting modifiable mediating factors. Key messages Anxiety/depression, smoking, BMI and inflammation mediated part of the association between CM and CVD, and the contribution of these mediators differed by type of maltreatment and sex.

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