Cardiovascular Risk Factors in an Eastern Caribbean Island: Prevalence of Non-communicable Chronic Diseases and Associated Lifestyle Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in the British Virgin Islands

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
J James ◽  
AK Soyibo ◽  
L Hurlock ◽  
G Gordon-Strachan ◽  
EN Barton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Caribbean Island ◽  
British Virgin Islands ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Eastern Caribbean ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

scholarly journals Urban index and lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in China: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685042110037
Author(s):  
Zhichong Chen ◽  
Menghui Liu ◽  
Shaozhao Zhang ◽  
Zhenyu Xiong ◽  
Xiangbin Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors

China is at a stage of rapid urbanization over the past decades, and the association of urbanization with cardiovascular disease has been confirmed by previous studies. However, few studies assessed the association of urbanization with cardiovascular risk factors, especially in Chinese population. We conducted a cross-sectional, populational-based study, using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2009. The logistic regression was used to assess the association of urbanization measured by urban index with cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, physical activity and fruits and vegetables consumption), varied with sex. The current study included 18,887 participants enrolled (mean age 39.8 ± 19.8 years; 52.2% female) who live in China. In regression model, the urban index was significantly associated with the variations of cardiovascular risk factors for male, including diabetes (OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.22–1.48), hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.09–1.22), never smoking (OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.96), higher fruits and vegetables consumptions (OR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87–0.99), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.10–1.22), and higher physical activity (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.66–0.73). Compared with the male, the associations of urban index with cardiovascular risk factors for female were similar, but not for BMI (OR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.96–1.05). The present finding emphasizes the changes of cardiovascular risk factors associated with urbanization in China, and indicated that close attention should be paid to the risk of hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and men’s obesity in the process of urbanization.

scholarly journals Gender peculiarities of interrelations between cardiovascular risk factors and development of prehypertension

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
В.В. Шерстнёв ◽  
М.А. Грудень ◽  
О.В. Сенько ◽  
В.П. Карлина ◽  
А.В. Кузнецова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Qualitative Changes

В настоящее время доказано, что предгипертензия, характеризующая состояние лиц с артериальным давлением (АД) от 120/80 мм рт.ст. до 139/89 мм рт.ст., имеет высокую и постоянно возрастающую распространенность среди населения во всем мире и является независимым фактором риска формирования артериальной гипертонии, развития сердечно-сосудистой заболеваемости и смертности. Это делает актуальным изучение взаимосвязи развития предгипертензии с наличием других факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Целью данного исследования явилось изучение гендерных особенностей взаимосвязи факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и развития предгипертензии. Методы исследования. Проведен сравнительный и корреляционный анализ показателей модифицируемых и немодифицируемых факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у 115 обследованных лиц мужского (n = 49) и женского пола (n = 66), средний возраст которых составил 47,6 ± 0,7 года с оптимальным АД (n = 63, АД < 120/80 мм рт.ст.) и предгипертензией (n = 52, АД 120-139/80-89 мм рт.ст.). Результаты исследования. Обнаружено, что мужчины и женщины с оптимальным АД и с предгипертензией различаются спектром факторов риска и структурой взаимосвязи исследованных показателей. У мужчин предгипертензия ассоциирована с повышенным содержанием креатинина в крови и табакокурением, тогда как у женщин - с гипертрофией левого желудочка сердца, стрессом и наследственной отягощенностью по гипертонической болезни. Развитие предгипертензии у женщин по сравнению с мужчинами характеризуется более выраженными количественными и качественными изменениями структуры взаимосвязей показателей исследованных факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Заключение. Полученные результаты представляют интерес для понимания механизмов патогенеза предгипертензии и разработки стратегии её персонифицированной немедикаментозной и медикаментозной профилактики, основанной на устранении или ослаблении определенных факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Currently it is proved that prehypertension characterizing the condition of individuals with blood pressure (BP) from 120/80 mm Hg to 139/89 mm Hg has a high, continuously increasing prevalence worldwide and is an independent risk factor for development of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, which justifies studying the relationship between prehypertension and the presence of other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate gender features of the relationship between risk factors for cardiovascular disease and development of prehypertension. Methods. Comparative and correlation analyses of modifiable and non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factors were performed for 115 males (n = 49) and females (n = 66) aged 47.6 ± 0.7 with optimal BP (n = 63, BP < 120/80 mm Hg) or prehypertension (n = 52, AD = 120-139/80-89 mm Hg). Results. Men and women with optimal BP and prehypertension differed in the array of risk factors and the structure of relationship between the studied indices. In men, prehypertension was associated with an elevated blood creatinine and tobacco smoking whereas in women - with left ventricular hypertrophy, stress, and hereditary burden of hypertension. The development of prehypertension in women compared to men was characterized by more pronounced quantitative and qualitative changes in the structure of interrelationships between indices of the studied cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion. The obtained results provide insight into pathogenetic mechanisms of prehypertension. They can be used for developing a strategy for individualized non-drug and drug prevention of hypertension based on elimination or reduction of certain cardiovascular risk factors.

From the metabolic syndrome to the concept of global cardiometabolic risk

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (18) ◽  
pp. 821-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Nádas ◽  
György Jermendy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Although the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is unquestionable, the clinical significance of the metabolic syndrome as a distinct entity has been debated in the past years. Recently, the term ‘metabolic syndrome’ has been replaced by ‘global cardiometabolic risk’ which implies cardiovascular risk factors beyond the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome can be frequently detected among people in western and developing countries affecting 25-30% of adult population, and its prevalence rate is increasing. Prospective studies show that the metabolic syndrome is a significant predictor of incident diabetes but has a weaker association with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. At the same time the metabolic syndrome is inferior to established predicting models for either type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease.The underlying pathomechanism of the metabolic syndrome is still poorly understood. The role of insulin resistance – although not as a single factor – is still considered as a key component. In the last decade the importance of abdominal obesity has received increased attention but some studies, mainly in the Asian population, showed that central obesity is not an essential component of the syndrome. Regardless of the theoretical debates the practical implications are indisputable. The frequent clustering of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and glucose intolerance, that often accompanies central obesity, can not be ignored. Following the detection of one risk factor, the presence of other, traditional and non-traditional factors should be searched for, as the beneficial effect of intensive, target oriented, continuous treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors has been proven in both the short and long term.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis – evaluation and treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Luminiţa Matei ◽  
Irinel Parepa ◽  
Cristina Șuța ◽  
Maria Șuța
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Organic Heart Disease

Abstract Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Consecrated cardiovascular risk management strategies are underused in this patients. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate, in rheumatoid arthritis hospitalized patients, the level of cardiovascular risk and the degree of implementation of currently recommended cardiovascular risk reduction treatments. Materials and methods: 130 active rheumatoid arthritis patients, consecutively admitted in the Rheumatology Clinic of our hospital, were evaluated based on clinical exam, routine biochemistry, X-ray, electrocardiogram and cardiac ultrasound. We noted the characteristics of the rheumatic disease, the cardiovascular risk factors and organic heart disease. The risk for cardiac death at 10 years was estimated using the SCORE table; and adequate use of cardiovascular risk reduction therapies (antiaggregants, statin, antihypertensive medication) was checked. Results: Organic heart disease was identified in 28.4% of the patients. The most frequent encountered risk factors were dyslipidemia (62.3%), hypertension (54.6%) and abdominal obesity (53%). Globally, 66,1% of the patients were classified as having high cardiovascular risk. Hypertension and dyslipidemia were treated in 81.6%, respective 40.7% of the cases and controlled to recommended therapeutic goals in 70.4%, respective 22.2%. Among the patients with a symptomatic atherosclerotic disease, less than one half (48.6%) were treated with antiaggregants. Conclusion: Organic heart disease was frequent among rheumatoid arthritis patients; the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors were hypertension, dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity. The treatment and control rates for hypertension were acceptable, but statins and antiaggregants were grossly underused.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors before Kidney Transplantation

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Muriel Rice ◽  
Judy Martin ◽  
Donna Hathaway ◽  
Elizabeth Tolley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Personal Histories

Context Assessing the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is an essential step in developing risk profiles and individualizing interventions to reduce the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of kidney transplant recipients. Objective To examine the prevalence of pretransplant modifiable, potentially modifiable, and nonmodifiable cardiovascular risk factors in patients who received kidney transplants between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 1996. Design An exploratory, retrospective nested case-control design was employed to assess pretransplant cardiovascular risk factors in kidney transplant recipients with documented posttransplant cardiovascular events (n=12) and kidney transplant recipients with no documented posttransplant cardiovascular events (n=66). Data were analyzed using frequencies, unpaired t tests, and χ2 analyses. Results Significantly higher means of body mass index values greater than 25 kg/m2 (32.3±5.8 kg/m2 vs 28.8±3.4 kg/m2) and serum total cholesterol levels greater than 200 mg/dL (254.5±5.7 mg/dL vs 242.3±39.3 mg/dL) were noted in patients with documented cardiovascular events compared to those with no documented cardiovascular events, respectively. Diabetes was more prevalent in patients with documented cardiovascular events (33%); these patients were also predominantly African American men who had a higher prevalence of family and personal histories of cardiovascular disease (17% and 33%).

Balancing Efficacy and Safety in Treatment with Antipsychotics

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (S17) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph U. Correll
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

AbstractBalancing efficacy with tolerability and safety of prescribed treatments is critical to optimizing antipsychotic treatment outcomes in the mentally ill. Symptom control, symptom remission, and functional recovery are only realistic goals when treatments are both effective and well tolerated. The consideration of predictable differences in antipsychotic adverse-effect profiles is central to successful illness management. Minimizing adverse effects on alertness, motivation, cognition, sexual/reproductive functioning, and physical health enhancesmental health outcomes, partly through improving treatment adherence. Neuroendocrine and metabolic side effects of antipsychotics for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality need to be addressed proactively and aggressively. In view of the widespread lack of primary care engagement and the adverse effects of psychotropic medications on cardiovascular health, psychiatric care providers should function as key facilitators of an integrated mental and physical health management approach. In addition to psychoeducation and healthy lifestyle counseling, clinicians can improve psychiatric and physical health by selecting medications carefully, routinely screening and monitoring for reversible cardiovascular risk factors, and playing an active role in the prevention and interdisciplinary management of cardiovascular risk factors and medical illness in the vulnerable mentally ill.

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