scholarly journals Arginase and Procalcitonin: Promising Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Sepsis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Rahul Mulgund ◽  
Subodhini Anant Abhang
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy

Introduction: Sepsis remains a major cause of death in critically ill patients in Indian population because of high susceptibility towards infectious diseases in the world. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a well-studied marker in foreign countries but needs to be established in Indian population. In the last few years, importance of Arginase as a marker of immunity has also increased exceptionally, because this enzyme is essentially involved in different inflammatory processes. Keeping these facts in mind PCT and Arginase were evaluated for their utility as markers to diagnose sepsis. Aim: To evaluate Arginase and PCT as biomarkers for early diagnosis of sepsis. Materials and Methods: Hundred adult patients (age >18 years) with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) attending BJ Medical College which is affiliated with Sassoon General Hospital (Pune, Maharashtra, India) during May 2012-July 2015 were incorporated in the study. Age n sex-matched of 100 samples healthy controls were also collected. Arginase was estimated by Roman and Ray method and PCT by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit (ELISA) method. Unpaired t-test was done to compare the mean biomarker levels between the cases and controls. The Area Under Curve (AUC) was calculated using Receiver Operating Curve (ROC). All the data analysis was set at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and value p<0.05 are statistically significant. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: In the study, a significant increase was observed in the levels of arginase (p<0.01) and PCT (p<0.01) in cases as compared to controls. ROC curves were plotted to find out the cut-offs of arginase (4.6 IU/L) and PCT (0.04 ng/mL) to check the diagnostic efficacy of both the biomarkers. Conclusion: Serum PCT and arginase offers a high level of accuracy than other currently available tests and hence can be helpful in the management of sepsis. In addition to this apart from high sensitivity and specificity arginase estimation is cost effective as compared to PCT.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Monocyte Distribution Width in the Early Diagnosis of Sepsis: A Diagnostic Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahao Chen ◽  
Qiang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Background: Delayed diagnosis of sepsis urgently requires a fast, convenient, and inexpensive method to improve the early diagnosis of sepsis. Increasing evidence showed that monocyte distribution width (MDW) could be used as a non-invasive biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity for the early diagnosis of sepsis. However, the accuracy and reliability of its diagnosis are still controversial in different studies. Method: A meta-analysis of all available studies regarding the association between MDW and the diagnosis of sepsis was performed to systematically evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MDW in the prediction of sepsis. Results: The estimated results of all eight studies are as follows: sensitivity, 0.84 (95% CI 0.77, 0.90); specificity, 0.68 (95% CI 0.54, 0.80); PLR, 2.7 (95% CI 1.8, 4.1); NLR, 0.23 (95% CI 0.15, 0.35); DOR is 12 (95% CI 5, 25). The corresponding overall area under the curve is 0.85 (95% CI 0.82, 0.88). Conclusion: In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that MDW has high accuracy in distinguishing patients with sepsis from healthy controls for early diagnosis of sepsis. However, large-scale prospective studies and joint diagnosis with other indicators are urgently required to confirm our findings and their utilization for routine clinical diagnosis in the future.

scholarly journals Plasma exosomal miRNA-205 can be used for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of ovarian cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
zehua zhu ◽  
Zehua Zhu ◽  
Zhaojun Chen ◽  
Mingxin Wang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tumor Biomarker ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Benign Group

Abstract Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a serious threat to women's health around the world and new biomarkers are urgently needed for early detection. Our previous published research have confirmed that miR-205 can promote the invasion and metastasis of OC cells by inhibiting the expression of the tumor suppressor gene TCF21. This study is based on the previous work, using exosomal liquid biopsy technology to detect the expression levels of the four genes miR-205, CA125, HE4 and TCF21 in the plasma exosomes of OC patients; at the same time, combined with the clinicopathological parameters of OC patients data analysis aims to provide efficient and non-invasive laboratory testing basis for the early diagnosis of OC. Methods Collected 36 OC patients diagnosed in local hospitals from September 2020 to July 2021 as OC group, selected 31 cases of surgically diagnosed ovarian benign lesions for benign group and 32 healthy people who underwent physical examination during the same period as a control group, and used transmission electron microscope (TEM), western blotting (WB) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to identify after extracting plasma exosomes from kits. The expression levels of miR-205, CA125, HE4 and TCF21 genes in plasma exosomes were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) method. At the same time, combined with the relationship between clinical pathological parameters in OC patients, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of plasma exosomal miR-205, CA125, HE4 and TCF21 for OC. Results Plasma exosomes were successfully isolated; the expression level of plasma exosomal miR-205 in the OC group was higher than that of the benign group and the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); plasma exosomal miR-205 was elevated during the III-IV period of OC and lymph node metastasis; combined detection of plasma exosomal miR-205 can improve the diagnostic ability of OC. Conclusion The plasma exosomal miR-205 can be used as a potential tumor biomarker to improve the diagnostic effectiveness of OC.

scholarly journals Ascitic fluid analysis with special reference to serum ascites cholesterol gradient and serum ascites albumin gradient

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Sankar Sastry ◽  
Subash Ch. Mahapatra ◽  
Vidyasagar Dumpula
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Malignant Ascites ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Ascites being a common clinical problem with a vast spectrum of etiologies, less expensive and widely available biochemical parameters are required to differentiate ascites which can correlate with pathogenesis and pin point towards an etiology with high sensitivity and significant accuracy. Aims of the study were to determine the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficacy of serum ascites albumin Gradient (SAAG) and that of ascitic fluid total protein (AFTP), evaluating their diagnostic role in identifying the etiology of ascites, to determine the diagnostic efficacy of Ascitic fluid cholesterol and serum ascites cholesterol gradient (SACG) in diagnosis of malignant ascites.Methods: In this study, 100 patients of ascitis were evaluated for ascitic fluid total protein, albumin, cholesterol, SAAG and SACG along with ultrasound and other required investigations.Results: Sensitivity, Specificity, and Diagnostic accuracy of SAAG for Portal hypertension were 97%, 85%, 96% respectively, whereas those of AFTP for exudative/transudative ascitis were 78.5%, 66%, 68% respectively. Ascitic fluid cholesterol and Mean SACG were significantly elevated in malignant ascites when compared with Non-Malignant Ascitis with p=0.0001. Similarly with a cut off level of 70mg% and 54 mg%, Ascitic fluid cholesterol and Mean SACG are having diagnostic accuracy of 90% and 93% respectively.Conclusions: SAAG is much more superior to AFTP in differential diagnosis of Ascitis. Ascitic fluid cholesterol and Mean SACG are simple and cost effective methods to separate malignant ascitis from non-malignant causes even in small centres with limited diagnostic facilities.

scholarly journals The prognostic value of serum PCT, hs-CRP, and IL-6 in patients with sepsis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zou Suhua ◽  
Zhang Lefeng ◽  
Chen Qingli ◽  
Wu Yueying
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Survival Group ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Death Group

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic value of serum procalcitonin (PCT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with sepsis.MethodsSixty-six patients with sepsis were recruited in the 6th affiliated hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from February 2012 to April 2016. According to status of death or survival within 4 weeks, the patients were divided into death group (n=14) and survival group (n=52). The serum PCT concentration on the day of hospitalization was measured by double antibody immunosorbent assay, hs-CRP serum level was measured by immunoturbidimetric assay, and IL-6 serum concentration was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of the included 66 patients. Serum PCT, hs-CRP, and IL-6 were compared between the two groups. The prognostic performance of serum PCT, hs-CRP, and IL-6 in patients with sepsis was evaluated through sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC).ResultsThe serum concentrations of PCT, hs-CRP, and IL-6 in the death group were significantly higher than those of the survival group on the day of hospitalization (P<0.05). The sensitivities of serum PCT, hs-CRP, and IL-6 to predict the mortality of septic patients within 4 weeks were 94.64%, 83.93%, and 82.14%, and the specificities were 73.33%, 64.29%, and 71.43%, respectively. The areas under the ROC curves were 0.88, 0.76, and 0.77.ConclusionThe serum levels of PCT, hs-CRP and IL-6 were significantly elevated in the death group, which could be used as serological markers to predict the risk of death for sepsis patients within 4 weeks.

Several Circulating Biomarkers for PCOS Diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiqi Luo ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Yirui He ◽  
Gangyi Yang ◽  
Hua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Potential Accuracy

Abstract Aims Irisin, Betatrophin and Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) have been shown to be associated with insulin resistance (IR) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), respectively. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential accuracy of this combination of three cytokines in screening PCOS. Methods 186 individuals were recruited for this study. Circulating Irisin, Betatrophin and ZAG concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association between these serum biomarkers and PCOS was assessed by logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of these biomarkers for PCOS women. Results In women with PCOS, serum Irisin and Betatrophin levels were markedly elevated compared to those in healthy controls (p<0.01), while ZAG levels were lower (p<0.01). PCOS women with IR (M-value<6.28) had lower circulating ZAG concentrations, and higher circulating Irisin and Betatrophin levels relative to PCOS women without IR (M-value ≥ 6.28). ROC curve analyses showed that the AUC for Irisin, ZAG and Betatrophin for predicting PCOS were 0.77, 0.83 and 0.85, respectively. In a joint ROC curves analysis of these serum markers and other parameters, the results showed that the AUC was 0.93, and the sensitivity and specificity were 82.1 % and 92.3 %, respectively. Conclusions When compared to using single cytokine, the analysis of Irisin, ZAG and Betatrophin elevates the accuracy in diagnosing PCOS.

scholarly journals Analytical Validation and Clinical Application of Rapid Serological Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Suitable for Large-Scale Screening

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Amedeo De Nicolò ◽  
Valeria Avataneo ◽  
Jessica Cusato ◽  
Alice Palermiti ◽  
Jacopo Mula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Analytical Validation ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Lateral Flow Test ◽  
Large Scale Screening

Recently, large-scale screening for COVID-19 has presented a major challenge, limiting timely countermeasures. Therefore, the application of suitable rapid serological tests could provide useful information, however, little evidence regarding their robustness is currently available. In this work, we evaluated and compared the analytical performance of a rapid lateral-flow test (LFA) and a fast semiquantitative fluorescent immunoassay (FIA) for anti-nucleocapsid (anti-NC) antibodies, with the reverse transcriptase real-time PCR assay as the reference. In 222 patients, LFA showed poor sensitivity (55.9%) within two weeks from PCR, while later testing was more reliable (sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 93.1%). Moreover, in a subset of 100 patients, FIA showed high sensitivity (89.1%) and specificity (94.1%) after two weeks from PCR. The coupled application for the screening of 183 patients showed satisfactory concordance (K = 0.858). In conclusion, rapid serological tests were largely not useful for early diagnosis, but they showed good performance in later stages of infection. These could be useful for back-tracing and/or to identify potentially immune subjects.

scholarly journals Pitfalls in the Immunochemical Determination of β‑Lactam Antibiotics in Water

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Alexander Ecke ◽  
Rudolf J. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Antibody Recognition ◽  
Immunochemical Determination ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Lactam Ring

Contamination of waters with pharmaceuticals is an alarming problem as it may support the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, fast and cost-effective analytical methods for potential on-site analysis are desired in order to control the water quality and assure the safety of its use as a source of drinking water. Antibody-based methods, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), can be helpful in this regard but can also have certain pitfalls in store, depending on the analyte. As shown here for the class of β-lactam antibiotics, hydrolysis of the β‑lactam ring is a key factor in the immunochemical analysis as it influences antibody recognition. With the antibody used in this study, the limit of detection (LOD) in the immunoassay could be significantly reduced by hydrolysis for the five tested penicillins, with the lowest LOD for carbenicillin (0.2 nmol/L) and the greatest impact on penicillins G and V (reduction by 85%). In addition to enhanced quantification, our strategy also provides access to information about the degree of hydrolysis in water samples as shown for the most abundant penicillin amoxicillin.

scholarly journals The Child Behavior Checklist as a Screening Instrument for PTSD in Refugee Children

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Ina Nehring ◽  
Heribert Sattel ◽  
Maesa Al-Hallak ◽  
Martin Sack ◽  
Peter Henningsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Thousands of refugees who have entered Europe experienced threatening conditions, potentially leading to post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which has to be detected and treated early to avoid chronic manifestation, especially in children. We aimed to evaluate and test suitable screening tools to detect PTSD in children. Syrian refugee children aged 4–14 years were examined using the PTSD-semi-structured interview, the Kinder-DIPS, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The latter was evaluated as a potential screening tool for PTSD using (i) the CBCL-PTSD subscale and (ii) an alternative subscale consisting of a psychometrically guided selection of items with an appropriate correlation to PTSD and a sufficient prevalence (presence in more than 20% of the cases with PTSD). For both tools we calculated sensitivity, specificity, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Depending on the sum score of the items, the 20-item CBCL-PTSD subscale as used in previous studies yielded a maximal sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 76%. The psychometrically guided item selection resulted in a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 83%. The areas under the ROC curves were the same for both tools (0.9). Both subscales may be suitable as screening instrument for PTSD in refugee children, as they reveal a high sensitivity and specificity.

scholarly journals Multiplexed detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infections in high throughput by SARSeq

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Yelagandula ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr Bykov ◽  
Alexander Vogt ◽  
Robert Heinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Massively Parallel ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Saliva Analysis ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Generation Sequencing

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need for massively-parallel, cost-effective tests monitoring viral spread. Here we present SARSeq, saliva analysis by RNA sequencing, a method to detect SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses on tens of thousands of samples in parallel. SARSeq relies on next generation sequencing of multiple amplicons generated in a multiplexed RT-PCR reaction. Two-dimensional, unique dual indexing, using four indices per sample, enables unambiguous and scalable assignment of reads to individual samples. We calibrate SARSeq on SARS-CoV-2 synthetic RNA, virions, and hundreds of human samples of various types. Robustness and sensitivity were virtually identical to quantitative RT-PCR. Double-blinded benchmarking to gold standard quantitative-RT-PCR performed by human diagnostics laboratories confirms this high sensitivity. SARSeq can be used to detect Influenza A and B viruses and human rhinovirus in parallel, and can be expanded for detection of other pathogens. Thus, SARSeq is ideally suited for differential diagnostic of infections during a pandemic.

scholarly journals A two-stage amplified PZT sensor for monitoring lung and heart sounds in discharged pneumonia patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbin Chen ◽  
Shuai Yu ◽  
Haiyang Liu ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Yongguang Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Heart Sounds ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Sensor Device ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection

AbstractAssessment of lung and heart states is of critical importance for patients with pneumonia. In this study, we present a small-sized and ultrasensitive accelerometer for continuous monitoring of lung and heart sounds to evaluate the lung and heart states of patients. Based on two-stage amplification, which consists of an asymmetric gapped cantilever and a charge amplifier, our accelerometer exhibited an extremely high ratio of sensitivity to noise compared with conventional structures. Our sensor achieves a high sensitivity of 9.2 V/g at frequencies less than 1000 Hz, making it suitable to use to monitor weak physiological signals, including heart and lung sounds. For the first time, lung injury, heart injury, and both lung and heart injuries in discharged pneumonia patients were revealed by our sensor device. Our sound sensor also successfully tracked the recovery course of the discharged pneumonia patients. Over time, the lung and heart states of the patients gradually improved after discharge. Our observations were in good agreement with clinical reports. Compared with conventional medical instruments, our sensor device provides rapid and highly sensitive detection of lung and heart sounds, which greatly helps in the evaluation of lung and heart states of pneumonia patients. This sensor provides a cost-effective alternative approach to the diagnosis and prognosis of pneumonia and has the potential for clinical and home-use health monitoring.

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