OIL-SPECIFIC PROPERTIES SUMMARY SHEETS FOR SPILL RESPONSE

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 929-930
Author(s):  
William R. Gala ◽  
Gary A. Rausina ◽  
Michael J. Ammann ◽  
Elizabeth A. Harvey ◽  
Patrick Y. O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Summary Sheet ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The University ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT Chevron has developed oil-specific properties summary sheets for major crude and high-volume oil products to improve our ability to provide timely and accurate information for decision-making processes in the initial stages of a spill and to help address questions posed by trustees and the public. Each summary sheet is composed of five modules that denote (1) the oil's physical and chemical properties; (2) the oil's environmental fate; (3) spill countermeasures; (4) public health and ecotoxicology data; and (5) appropriate analytical methods. Identified information gaps (Le., aquatic toxicity, WAF chemistry, etc.) are being addressed in Chevron-funded research at the University of California—Santa Cruz

Development of a Composition Database for Selected Multicomponent Oils

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 1131-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhendi Wang ◽  
B. Hollebone ◽  
M. Fingas ◽  
L. Sigouin ◽  
B. Fieldhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Environment Canada ◽  
Point Distribution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cooperative Project ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT Multicomponent composition and corresponding physical properties data of crude oils and petroleum products are needed as input to environmental fate simulations. Complete sets of such data, however, are not available in the literature due to the complexity and expense of making the measurements. Environment Canada has previously developed a database of various physical and chemical properties of crude oils and petroleum products. In this cooperative project, ten “typical” crude oils and refined products in common use or transport were identified for subsequent characterization. Measured oil physical properties include API gravity, density, sulphur content, water content, flash point, pour point, viscosity, surface and interfacial tension, adhesion, the equation for predicting evaporation, emulsion formation, and simulated boiling point distribution. The chemical composition of the oils are quantified for hydrocarbon groups, volatile organic compounds, n-alkane distribution, distribution of alkylated polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) homologues and other EPA priority PAHs, and biomarker concentrations. This project will provide the most complete and comprehensive database for the selected oils to date. The new composition data will be integrated into the existing Environment Canada oil properties database. The results will be made available to the public both on the world wide web and as a database on disc.

scholarly journals Sustainable low-carbon binders and concretes

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Myroslav Sanytsky ◽  
Tetiana Kropyvnytska ◽  
Stanislav Fic ◽  
Hanna Ivashchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Activity Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Sustainable development depends on a consistency of interests, social, ecological and economic, and that the interests are evaluated in a balanced manner. In order to reduce CO2 emissions, the conception of decreasing clinker factor and increasing the role of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in the cementitious materials has high economical and environmental efficiency. The performance of clinkerefficient blended cements with supplementary cementitious materials were examined. The influence of superfine zeolite with increased surface energy on the physical and chemical properties of low-carbon blended cements is shown. Increasing the dispersion of cementitious materials contributes to the growth of their strength activity index due to compaction of cement matrix and pozzolanic reactions in unclincker part. In consequence of the early structure formation and the directed formation of the microstructure of the cement matrix is solving the problem of obtaining clinker-efficient concretes. Shown that low-carbon blended cements with high volume of SCMs are suitable, in principle, for producing structural concretes.

scholarly journals Plan de gestión integral de residuos: un modelo de implementación universitaria

2012 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Sergio Olarte Avellaneda
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Chemical Residue ◽  
The University ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Final Disposition ◽  
And Chemical Properties

El proyecto se encuentra en fase de desarrollo y estructuración de un Plan de Gestión Integral de Residuos para la Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca (Bogotá), afin de optimizar los procesos en los programas de formación en que se utilizan sustancias químicas, específicamente, en los laboratorios de docencia. La transformación de talessustancias genera necesariamente la producción de residuos con propiedades químicas y físicas diferentes a las de los compuestos iniciales, a los cuales se les debe dar unaadecuada disposición final para no ocasionar problemas que afecten el desempeño laboral, la salud y el ambiente. Por otra parte, es importante considerar la posible recuperación de estos, puesto que en la actualidad la biotecnología y la educación ambiental son alternativas que se proyectan como fuente de soluciones.Palabras clavePlan de gestión Integral, sustancia química, residuo químico, biotecnología, educación ambiental. AbstractThe project is in stage of development of a Plan of Waste Integral Management for the University Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca (Bogotá), in order to optimize processes intraining programs in which chemicals are used, specifically in teaching laboratories. The transformation of such substances necessarily generates waste production with physical and chemical properties different from those of the starting compounds, to which must be given a proper final disposition for not causing problems that affect job performance, health and the environment. On the other hand, it is important to consider the recovery of these, having into account that in the current, biotechnology and environmental education are alternatives projected as a source of solutions. KeywordsPlan of integral management, chemical, chemical residue, biotechnology, environmental education.  

scholarly journals Effect of agrotechnical factors on the activity of urease enzyme in a long term fertlization experiment

2016 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Judit Horváth ◽  
Bence Mátyás ◽  
János Kátai
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Urease Enzyme ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Second Period

The soil is a natural resource, the fertility preservation is an important part of the sustainable development. We have to monitor the transformation dinamics of the organic nitrogen-containing substances, to get accurate information about the changes of the nitrogen cycle in the soil. Physical and chemical properties of the soil and the microorganism effect on the organic matter in the soil – in addition to the composition of organic matter. Wide variety of extracellular enzymes are present in this decomposition. These enzymes help in the transformation of the macromolecules to transforming low molecular weight compounds so they will be available during the assimilation. The urease enzyme, catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to CO2 and NH3. The urease is widely spread in the nature, it is present in the microorganisms, plants and animals. We found that the soil moisture content, the rotation and the fertilization affect to the amount of urease in spring. Furthermore, we get significant difference between the irrigated and non irrigated samples in the second period of the year. Based on our results we can state that the activity of urease was higher in spring 2014. The objective of our study was to present how the different agronomic factors affect on the activity of urease in a long term fertilizationexperiment.

scholarly journals UTILIZAÇÃO DA TÉCNICA DE VERMICOMPOSTAGEM PARA REUTILIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS ORGÂNICOS E DE MACRÓFITAS AQUÁTICAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Melissa Arantes Pinto ◽  
Bianca Soares de Souza ◽  
Isabela Marega Rigolin Fuzeto ◽  
Leila Maria Sotocorno e Silva ◽  
Monalisa Xavier dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Final Compound ◽  
The University ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Currently, the final destination of organic residues and aquatic macrophytes does not occur effectively, directly interfering with the environment and causing environmental problems. Therefore, the work aimed to reuse the organic waste from UNOESTE Campus 2, which comes from the university restaurant, urban cleaning and dairy cattle manure, as well as the aquatic macrophytes of the Cica dam in the municipality of President Prudent, using the vermicomposting technique in different treatments, analyzing the physical and chemical properties of the final compound and suggesting a better destination for such residues. Four treatments were carried out, with three repetitions each, namely: T1 (Dung, Organic waste), T2 (Aquatic Macrophyte, Dung, Organic waste), T3 (Urban cleaning waste, Dung, Organic waste) and T4 (Macrophyte, Waste urban cleaning, manure, organic waste).After collecting the compost, laboratory analyzes were carried out, which showed a significant increase in humidity when compared to the parametersof Normative Instruction SDA No. 25 of 2009. In the treatments carried out, T4 was highlighted by the breeding of earthworms. Therefore, through the execution of this work it was possible to confirm that the application of the vermicomposting technique is feasible for the treatment of organic waste.

Research on physico-chemical properties of sugars and sugar crystallization at the University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague

2020 ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
Z. Bubnik ◽  
P. Kadlec ◽  
E. Sarka ◽  
V. Pour ◽  
A. Hinkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The University ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This paper represents a summary of most important research activities in sucrose crystallization, in which the Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, part of the University of Chemistry and Technology (UCT) Prague, has been involved over the last 25 years. A wide range of these projects has been carried out in cooperation with other research institutes, universities and industrial partners. These activities can be divided into four main research areas that are interconnected and support each other. – Physical and chemical properties of sucrose and sugar solutions; – Growth kinetics of sugar crystals in pure and technical sugar solutions; – Simulation and mathematical modeling of new processes and technologies; – Experimental work for industry and cooperation with industrial partners.

The History and Development of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Dearden
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Qsar Modelling ◽  
Water Partitioning ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

It is widely accepted that modern QSAR began in the early 1960s. However, as long ago as 1816 scientists were making predictions about physical and chemical properties. The first investigations into the correlation of biological activities with physicochemical properties such as molecular weight and aqueous solubility began in 1841, almost 60 years before the important work of Overton and Meyer linking aquatic toxicity to lipid-water partitioning. Throughout the 20th century QSAR progressed, though there were many lean years. In 1962 came the seminal work of Corwin Hansch and co-workers, which stimulated a huge interest in the prediction of biological activities. Initially that interest lay largely within medicinal chemistry and drug design, but in the 1970s and 1980s, with increasing ecotoxicological concerns, QSAR modelling of environmental toxicities began to grow, especially once regulatory authorities became involved. Since then QSAR has continued to expand, with over 1400 publications annually from 2011 onwards.

scholarly journals PROPOSAL FOR A MODEL OF EFFECTIVE REACTION TO NATURAL DISASTERS IN THE TERRITORY OF SLOVAKIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1017-1023
Author(s):  
Daniel Brezina ◽  
Ladislav Šimák
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Crisis Events ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The University ◽  
Effective Reaction

The forecasting of natural disasters is more complicated than other crisis events. It requires the full use of special forces and means, which are intended to solve them. Crisis managers and many authorities or institutions are involved in the process of solving crisis events. They are exposed to psychical pressure because each phase or reaction must be made promptly and effectively. The authors focus on issues of risk and crisis management in the public sector in their research activities at the University of Žilina. The aim of this article is to propose a well-functioning and effective reaction to natural disasters in Slovakia. This model is proposed with schematic drawings illustrating the activities in each phase of reaction to a natural disaster. The model is based on international past experiences and various laws or ordinances of multiple ministries for the Slovak crisis management system. This article points to possibly optimizing the decision-making processes at all levels of crisis management, in particular to improve the local government level.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spatial Variability of Soil Physico-Chemical Characteristics on Rhodic Ferralsol at the Syferkuil Experimental Farm of University of Limpopo, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kopano Conferance Phefadu ◽  
Funso Raphael Kutu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The University ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Bray P1 ◽  
Extractable Zn

<p>Spatial variability among selected soil physical and chemical properties in twelve profiles dug across the research block of the University of Limpopo experimental farm was investigated. The soils were moderately shallow to deep, contain variable textural classes and classified as Rhodic ferralsol. Over 90% of the samples were considered as slightly alkaline based on the water-measured pHvalues but decreased to marginally over 27% when measured in KCl. The electrical conductivity of the soils revealed a generally non-saline field. Bray P1, EC, exchangeable cations, extractable Zn and effective cation exchange capacity contents differed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) with depth while K, Mg, Ca, Mn, organic carbon and ECEC differed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) across profiles. Semi-variograms for the measured variables had low values indicating the existence of considerable level of spatial variability. Spatial dependence among top and subsoil pH, EC, organic carbon, sand, silt clay and bulk density ranged between weak and strong. Results revealed a significant spatial variability of the characterized parameters across the research block because to differences in tillage, cropping pattern and nutrient specific application over the years.</p>

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