Effect of Sprouting on Chemical, Fatty Acid Composition, Antioxidants and Antinutrients of Flaxseeds

The objective research investigated the effect of flaxseed sprouting on chemical composition, fatty acid composition, antioxidants and flaxseed antinutrients during the four-day sprouting period. For attempts to reduce flaxseed levels of some antinutritional factors, such as cyanogenic glucosides, and improve nutrient palatability and availability, the sprouting technique has been used. After 4 days of sprouting, the dry matter content of the seeds was decreased by 5.54%. Significant decreases in oil content were observed during the sprouting period, but there were increases in protein, fibre, P, Ca, Fe and Zn content. During sprouting, the content of cyanogenic glucosides as antinutrients has decreased, thus increasing the nutritional quality and the economic demand for flaxseed sprouts. Increases were also found in the value of free fatty acids, peroxide and saponification. In addition, unsaponifiable matter has been reduced. Among fatty acids, while linoleic and oleic were increased during the sprouting period, linolenic was decreased. The results revealed that in extracted oils, total phenols and antioxidant activity decreased during and at the end of sprouting, whereas flavonoids, carotenoids and chlorophylls increased.

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Effects of age and time of day of sampling on proximate and fatty acid composition of whole eggs from two strains of laying hens

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-58-151-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 151-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Stanišić ◽

V. Petričević ◽

Z. Škrbić ◽

M. Lukić ◽

Z. Pavlovski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Principal Component ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Total N ◽

Total Pufa

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of breed (Naked Neck – NN – and Lohmann Brown – LB), age (46 to 49 weeks) and the time of day of sampling (morning eggs – M – and afternoon eggs – A) on the proximate and fatty acid composition of whole eggs. Eggs of commercial hens (LB) had significantly (P < 0.001) less fat, ash and protein and lower dry-matter content (more water content) compared to the autochthonous breed (NN). The NN eggs contained significantly (P < 0.001) more SFA (saturated fatty acid) and less PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) than LB ones, while the share of the eggs' total n-3 fatty acids did not differ significantly between breeds. The share of total MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acid) significantly (P = 0.011) decreased, while the share of total PUFA, n-6 and n-6 / n-3 ratio significantly increased (P < 0.001; P < 0.001; P = 0.032, respectively) with age of hens. Additionally, compared with morning eggs, afternoon eggs had a significantly (P = 0.046) higher share of total n-6 fatty acids. PCA (principal component analysis) offered a good separation of the samples according to breed and age when two first principal component were extracted. PC1 was positively related to parameters of proximate composition and SFA content, while PC2 was positively determined by PUFA, n-6 and n-3 content. Eggs of autochthonous hens (NN) were located in the positive area of PC1, whereas those from the commercial hens (LB) were in the negative quarter, which indicates opposite characteristics.

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First seasonal investigation of the fatty acid composition in three organs of the Tunisian bivalve Mactra stultorum

Grasas y Aceites ◽

10.3989/gya.0571181 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 291 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. Chetoui ◽

I. Rabeh ◽

S. Bejaoui ◽

K. Telahigue ◽

F. Ghribi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Adductor Muscle ◽

Adductor Muscles

This study reveals information for the first time about the total lipid (TL) content and fatty acid composition (FA) of Mactra stultorum (M. corallina). Three edible organs (foot, mantle and adductor muscle) were the subjects of this research in order to determine the most favorable periods for their consumption in relation to seasonal variability. The results showed lower lipid content in the adductor muscles in summer (12.73 ± 2.55 mg/g dry matter); while a higher content was observed in winter (28.97 ± 3.50 mg/g dry matter). However, similar lipid contents were observed in the mantle and foot tissues among the seasons. The fatty acid composition of Mactra stultorum adductor muscles, mantle and foot was dominated by saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Palmitic acid (16:0) was the major saturated fatty acid (SFA) and reached higher levels during summer in the foot (26%), mantle (21%) and adductor muscles (25%). Among PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) showed significant variation among seasons with high levels recorded during winter and spring. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) did not show any remarkable variation among seasons for the three studied tissues. Seasonal changes in fatty acids were observed for all samples, reaching a maximum level in winter or spring.

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Fatty acid levels in the muscle tissue of eight beef cattle breeds

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201887030285 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 285-291

Author(s):

Pavel Suchý ◽

Eva Straková ◽

Tomáš Karel ◽

Ivan Herzig

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Total Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Cattle Breeds ◽

Similar Weight ◽

Beef Cattle Breeds

The objective of the study was to compare the chemical composition and fatty acid profile in ten clinically healthy bulls of similar weight from eight meat cattle breeds. The animals were raised by extensive grazing under the same geographical conditions. Significant differences were observed between the monitored genotypes in terms of the dry matter content, nitrogenous matter and fats (P ≤ 0.05) in the musculus longissimus thoracis. The concentration of fats ranged from 68.5 ± 18.81 g (Galloway cattle) to 171.6 ± 43.3 g (Aberdeen Angus) per kg of dry matter. The total content of unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 20.0 ± 2.25 g (Aberdeen Angus) to 42.4 ± 7.87 g (Gascon); the total sum of monounsaurated fatty acids ranged from 17.0 ± 2.26 g (Aberdeen Angus) to 33.8 ± 3.61 g (Gascon); and the total sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 3.0 ± 1.42 g (Aberdeen Angus) to 5.1 ± 3.99 g (Limousin) per 100 g of fat. The total content of n-6 fatty acids ranged from 2.4 ± 1.28 g (Aberdeen Angus) to 4.2 ± 3.59 g (Limousin) and the total content of n-3 fatty acids from 0.5 ± 0.16 g (Salers) to 1.1 ± 0.04 g (Gascon) per 100 g of fat. The properties we studied may predict the biological, dietetic, and culinary value of the meat.

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Fatty acid composition of cane molasses and yeasts

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90161993000300022 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 473-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L.E. Gutierrez ◽

R.C.M. da Silva

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Yeast Species ◽

Lipid Extract ◽

Cane Molasses ◽

Palmitic Acids ◽

Matter Basis

Lipid extract and fatty acid composition of cane molasses and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae M-300-A and Saccharomyces uvarum IZ-1904) grown in molasses medium were determined. In molasses, linoleic acid was found in higher levels (around 42%) and was followed by palmitic, oleic and linolenic acids. The lipid extract varied from 1.02 to 3.13 gkg-1. In yeasts, the level of lipid extract varied from 16.65 to 31.12 g.kg-1 (dry matter basis) depending on the molasses type and yeast species. Both yeasts were able to incorporate fatty acids from molasses' and therefore linoleic and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids found in them.

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Shelf life and eating quality of beef from cattle of different breeds given diets differing in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid composition

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s135772980005548x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 471-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

L. Vatansever ◽

E. Kurt ◽

M. Enser ◽

G. R. Nute ◽

N. D. Scollan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Neutral Lipid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Retail Display

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted with 32 Charolais cross steers (experiment 1) and 36 Holstein-Friesian and Welsh Black steers (experiment 2) to examine the effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA ) and breed on meat quality. Diets were comprised of grass silage and a concentrate (60 : 40 on a dry-matter basis). Lipid in the concentrate provided 30 g/kg diet dry matter derived from either linseed, fish oil or linseed/fish oil (experiment 1); and linseed or linseed/fish oil (experiment 2). These n-3 PUFA sources were compared with Megalac, a saturated fatty acid control, in both experiments. Diets were offered for 120 days (experiment 1) and 90 days (experiment 2). Measurements of meat quality included fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation and colour during retail display (i.e. shelf life parameters) and eating quality assessed by a trained taste panel. The samples examined were sirloin (longissimus) steaks and minced beef burgers produced from the forequarter muscles infraspinatus, supraspinatus and triceps brachii. The fatty acid results showed that linseed increased the proportion of 18 : 3 n-3 (a -linolenic acid) in neutral lipid of the burgers and approximately doubled it in the phospholipid. Increased synthesis of 20 : 4 n-3 and 20 : 5 n-3 also occurred, raising their levels in the phospholipid. Fish oil doubled the proportions of 20 : 5 n-3 and 22 : 6 n-3, with the linseed/fish oil results intermediate between linseed and fish oil. The Welsh Blacks in experiment 2 had higher proportions of 18 : 3 n-3 in neutral lipid and higher proportions of 18 : 3 n-3, 20 : 5 n-3 and 22 : 5 n-3 in phospholipid. This showed a clear genetic effect on fatty acid composition. The fish oil diet in experiment 1 greatly increased lipid oxidation during retail display in both overwrapped loin steaks and burgers packed in a modified atmosphere. Values for lipid oxidation in the burgers were much higher than in the steaks due to the intimate mixing of phospholipid fatty acids and prooxidants. Lipid oxidation was also greater in the linseed/fish oil samples than controls in both experiments but was similar in linseed and controls. Colour oxidation also proceeded more rapidly in the fish oil samples in experiment 1 and tended to be faster in the linseed/fish oil groups in both experiments. Eating quality was affected by diet in experiment 1 — the fish oil samples eliciting higher scores for ‘fishy’ and ‘rancid’ than controls and having lower ‘overall liking’ scores. Steaks from animals given the linseed diet (with high 18 : 3 n-3 proportions) had the highest ‘overall liking’ scores in experiment 1 but the cattle given linseed for the shorter time in experiment 2 were not different from controls. Despite their different PUFA profile in muscle, Welsh Blacks had similar eating quality scores to Holstein-Friesians which deposited more neutral lipid (marbling fat) in muscle.

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Effect of dietary flaxseed on broiler growth, erythrocyte deformability, and fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a96-068 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 279-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

J. M. Bond ◽

R. J. Julian ◽

E. J. Squires

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Antinutritional Factors ◽

Erythrocyte Deformability ◽

Erythrocyte Membranes ◽

Flax Oil

The effectiveness of flaxseed as a source of flax oil in broiler diets was determined in two separate experiments. Broiler growth, fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes and hematological variables were measured. We first examined the effect of 10, 20 or 30% flaxseed on growth in broilers and fatty acid composition of erythrocytes. The second experiment utilized hypobaric chambers to study the effect of a diet containing 20% flaxseed on growth, fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes, and hematological variables. In exp. 1, growth of the birds was reduced with increased inclusion of flaxseed. There was a reduction in the percentage of total saturated fatty acids in the erythrocyte membranes which was maximized with 20% flaxseed in the diet. In exp. 2, the growth of the birds was reduced with the inclusion of flaxseed in the diet. The deformability of the erythrocytes was not altered with the inclusion of flaxseed in the diet. There was a significant increase in the percentage of total saturated fatty acids in the erythrocyte membranes at ambient atmospheric pressure but not under hypobaric conditions with the inclusion of flaxseed in the diet. We conclude that the incorporation of flaxseed into broiler diets is not a practical source of flax oil for poultry due to decreased growth, possibly due to the presence of antinutritional factors. The effect of flaxseed on the fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membranes may be dependent on the fat content of the diet. Key Words: Broiler, growth, flaxseed, erythrocyte deformability

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Fatty acid composition of beef cattle finished on tropical pasture and supplemented with crude glycerin

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n2p997 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 993

Author(s):

Evani Souza de Oliveira Strada ◽

Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽

Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho ◽

Larissa Pires Barbosa ◽

Ivanor Nunes do Prado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Crude Glycerin ◽

Linear Pattern

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of crude glycerin supplementation on the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the muscle of cattle grazing on Urochloa decumbens. Thirty-five crossbreed bulls, with an average initial body weight of 428.0 ± 32.11 kg, were supplemented with dry matter corresponding to 1% body weight for 74 days on pasture and distributed to five treatments (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% low purity glycerin in the total dry matter of the supplement) in a completely randomised design. After 74 days, the animals were slaughtered, and the longissimus dorsi muscle was sampled and frozen for meat composition analysis. The addition of glycerin did not affect the mean moisture (73.6 ± 0.3%), protein (22.8 ± 0.4%), total lipid (1.1 ± 0.1%) and ash (1.0 ± 0.04%) contents of the animal muscle. However, there was an increasing linear effect (P < 0.05) on the contents of trans-vaccenic acid (increase of 175% in relation to the control) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (25% increase in relation to the control). We observed an increasing linear pattern in monounsaturated fatty acid levels (39.8 to 44.5%) and a decreasing linear pattern in polyunsaturated fatty acid content (13.5 to 9.5%). The inclusion of crude glycerin promoted a linear decreasing pattern for ?-3 fatty acids. Thus, the inclusion of crude glycerin in the supplement of beef cattle affects the fatty acid composition of the meat. The use of this byproduct promotes desirable changes in the chemical composition of fatty acids, increasing the levels of conjugated linoleic fatty acids (18: 2 c9 t11) and monounsaturated fatty acids.

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Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1660071 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 54 (03) ◽

pp. 563-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

M K Salo ◽

E Vartiainen ◽

P Puska ◽

T Nikkari

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Free Living ◽

Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽

Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

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A conjunction of sn-2 fatty acids and overall fatty acid composition combined with chemometric techniques increase the effectiveness of lard detection in fish feed

Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems ◽

10.1016/j.chemolab.2021.104308 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104308

Author(s):

Mohamed Haniff Hanafy Idris ◽

Yanty Noorzianna Manaf ◽

Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa ◽

Amalia Mohd Hashim ◽

Muhamad Shirwan Abdullah Sani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Chemometric Techniques

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Effect of Nitrogen Fertilisation and Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on the Fatty Acid Profile of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seeds

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 941

Author(s):

Ewa Szpunar-Krok ◽

Anna Wondołowska-Grabowska ◽

Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro ◽

Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek ◽

Andrzej Kotecki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Oilseed Crop ◽

Soybean Cultivars

Soybean is a valuable protein and oilseed crop ranked among the most significant of the major crops. Field experiments were carried out in 2016–2019 in South-East Poland. The influence of soybean cultivars (Aldana, Annushka), nitrogen fertilizer (0, 30, 60 kg∙ha−1 N) and inoculation with B. japonicum (control, HiStick® Soy, Nitragina) on the content of fatty acids (FA) in soybean seeds was investigated in a three-factorial experiment. This study confirms the genetic determinants of fatty acid composition in soybean seeds and their differential accumulation levels for C16:0, C16:1, C18:1n9, C18:2, C18:3, and C20:0 as well saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. Increasing the rate from 30 to 60 kg ha−1 N did not produce the expected changes, suggesting the use of only a “starter” rate of 30 kg ha−1 N. Inoculation of soybean seeds with a strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (HiStick® Soy, BASF, Littlehampton, UK and Nitragina, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland) is recommended as it will cause a decrease in SFA and C16:0 acid levels. This is considered nutritionally beneficial as its contribution to total fatty acids determines the hypercholesterolemic index, and it is the third most accumulated fatty acid in soybean seeds. The interaction of cultivars and inoculation formulation on fatty acid content of soybean seeds was demonstrated. An increase in the value of C16:0 content resulted in a decrease in the accumulation of C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 acids. The content of each decreased by almost one unit for every 1% increase in C16:0 content. The dominant effect of weather conditions on the FA profile and C18:2n6/C18:3n3 ratio was demonstrated. This suggests a need for further evaluation of the genetic progress of soybean cultivars with respect to fatty acid composition and content under varying habitat conditions.

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