scholarly journals Effects of age and time of day of sampling on proximate and fatty acid composition of whole eggs from two strains of laying hens

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Stanišić ◽  
V. Petričević ◽  
Z. Škrbić ◽  
M. Lukić ◽  
Z. Pavlovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total Pufa

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of breed (Naked Neck – NN – and Lohmann Brown – LB), age (46 to 49 weeks) and the time of day of sampling (morning eggs – M – and afternoon eggs – A) on the proximate and fatty acid composition of whole eggs. Eggs of commercial hens (LB) had significantly (P < 0.001) less fat, ash and protein and lower dry-matter content (more water content) compared to the autochthonous breed (NN). The NN eggs contained significantly (P < 0.001) more SFA (saturated fatty acid) and less PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) than LB ones, while the share of the eggs' total n-3 fatty acids did not differ significantly between breeds. The share of total MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acid) significantly (P = 0.011) decreased, while the share of total PUFA, n-6 and n-6 / n-3 ratio significantly increased (P < 0.001; P < 0.001; P = 0.032, respectively) with age of hens. Additionally, compared with morning eggs, afternoon eggs had a significantly (P = 0.046) higher share of total n-6 fatty acids. PCA (principal component analysis) offered a good separation of the samples according to breed and age when two first principal component were extracted. PC1 was positively related to parameters of proximate composition and SFA content, while PC2 was positively determined by PUFA, n-6 and n-3 content. Eggs of autochthonous hens (NN) were located in the positive area of PC1, whereas those from the commercial hens (LB) were in the negative quarter, which indicates opposite characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of Sprouting on Chemical, Fatty Acid Composition, Antioxidants and Antinutrients of Flaxseeds

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
M. A. M. Abd-El- Hady ◽  
M. E. I. Elsorady
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cyanogenic Glucosides ◽  
Zn Content

The objective research investigated the effect of flaxseed sprouting on chemical composition, fatty acid composition, antioxidants and flaxseed antinutrients during the four-day sprouting period. For attempts to reduce flaxseed levels of some antinutritional factors, such as cyanogenic glucosides, and improve nutrient palatability and availability, the sprouting technique has been used. After 4 days of sprouting, the dry matter content of the seeds was decreased by 5.54%. Significant decreases in oil content were observed during the sprouting period, but there were increases in protein, fibre, P, Ca, Fe and Zn content. During sprouting, the content of cyanogenic glucosides as antinutrients has decreased, thus increasing the nutritional quality and the economic demand for flaxseed sprouts. Increases were also found in the value of free fatty acids, peroxide and saponification. In addition, unsaponifiable matter has been reduced. Among fatty acids, while linoleic and oleic were increased during the sprouting period, linolenic was decreased. The results revealed that in extracted oils, total phenols and antioxidant activity decreased during and at the end of sprouting, whereas flavonoids, carotenoids and chlorophylls increased.

scholarly journals Polymorphic effects of FABP4 and SCD genes on intramuscular fatty acid profiles in longissimus muscle from two cattle breeds

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radka Dujková ◽  
Yuvaraj Ranganathan ◽  
Aleš Dufek ◽  
Jan Macák ◽  
Jiří Bezdíček
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Cattle Breeds

The aim of this study was to evaluate the polymorphic effects of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of fatty acid binding protein (FABP4) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) genes on intramuscular fatty acid profiles in the longissimus muscle in two cattle breeds. Two previously reported SNPs of bovine FABP4 (7516G>C) and SCD (878C>T) were in turn assessed for their associations with intramuscular fatty acid profiles from the upper sirloin cuts of Aberdeen Angus and Blonde d’Aquitaine cattle. In total, 33 animals were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. Intramuscular fatty acid composition was evaluated using two complementary statistical approaches: a classical univariate regression model and a multivariate approach using a combination of Principal Component Analysis and Random Forests. Significant effect of FABP4 SNP genotypes was found for several fatty acids including C15:0, C17:0, C18:0, C14:1, C17:1, C18:2n6, C20:4n6, C20:5n3, C22:5n3, total n-3, n-6 and total SFA (P < 0.05). These results suggest that FABP4 is a potential candidate gene affecting fatty acid composition in beef cattle.

scholarly journals FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF Capsicum GENUS PEPPERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Teixeira de Souza Sora ◽  
Aloisio Henrique Pereira Souza ◽  
Acácio Antônio Ferreira Zielinski ◽  
Charles Windson Isidoro Haminiuk ◽  
Makoto Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Habanero Pepper ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Genus Capsicum

Fatty acids have a great metabolic and structural importance. Evaluation of fatty acid composition of peppers is still incomplete. Pulps and seeds from six varieties of the genus Capsicum were evaluated in this work with respect to their contents in fatty acids. A total of 25 different fatty acids, including some with odd number of carbons were identified in the samples. The most abundant fatty acids were palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1n-9) and linoleic (18:2n-6) acids. The polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) ratios for all peppers were high due to the elevated amounts of polyunsaturated acids, particularly linoleic acid. In the pulps, the omega-6/omega-3 ratios ranging from 1.28 to 4.33, were relatively adequate if one considers that ratios between 0.25 and 1.0 in the human diet are regarded as highly appropriate. In the seeds, the levels of omega-3 were very low whereas the levels of omega-6 were high, leading to very inadequate omega-6/omega-3 ratios ranging from 74.2 to 279.6. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 93.49% of the total variance of the data. Considering the PUFA/SFA ratio and omega-6/omega-3 ratio, our data suggest that, among the peppers of the genus Capsicum evaluated in this work, the bell pepper and orange habanero pepper present the best nutritional characteristics concerning fatty acid composition.

Blood Mononuclear Cells and Platelets Have Abnormal Fatty Acid Composition in Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3727-3727
Author(s):  
Iheanyi Okpala ◽  
Hongmei Ren ◽  
Kebreab Ghebremeskel ◽  
Cynthia Ugochukwu ◽  
Obike Ibegbulam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Total N ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium contributes to vaso-occlusion and widespread organ damage in sickle cell disease (SCD). Previously, we found high expression of the adhesion molecules αMβ2 integrin and L-selectin in HbSS individuals with severe disease. The n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) are vital structural and functional components of cell and sub-cellular membranes. They modulate cell adhesion, inflammation, aggregation and vascular tone. We investigated the FA composition of mononuclear cells (MNC) and platelets of HbSS patients in steady-state (n = 28); and racially matched, healthy HbAA controls (n = 13). MNC phospholipids of the patients had low levels of docosahexanoic acid (DHA, p<0.01), n-3 metabolites (p<0.05) and total n-3 polyunsaturated FA (p<0.05); table 1. In contrast, arachidonic (AA, p<0.005), AA:DHA ratio (p<0.005, fig 1) and total n-6 metabolites (p<0.05) were increased in the patients. Similarly, platelets from HbSS patients had low levels of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA, p<0.05), and raised AA (p<0.05) in choline phosphoglycerides (CPG); with reduced linoleic acid (LA, p<0.005) and DHA (p<0.05) in ethanolamine phosphoglycerides. Platelet CPG had lower DHA levels in HbSS individuals with complications of SCD compared to those who had no complications (p<0.05, fig.2). Reduced EPA and DHA relative to AA favours the production of aggregatory and pro-inflmmatory eicosanoids that activate leukocytes and platelets. This may lead to enhanced inflammation, leukocyte adhesion, platelet aggregation and vaso-occlusion in SCD. Table 1: Fatty Acid Composition of MNC Total Phospholipids in HbSS Patients and HbAA Controls Fatty Acids HbSS Patients HbAA Controls Values are Means [SD}. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.005, ****p<0.001 24:0 0.71 [0.30]*** 1.3 [0.4] saturates ∑ 38.2 [3.6] 39.1 [1.7] 16:1 0.69 [0.45] 0.56 [0.11] 18:1 14.4 [1.8]* 12.9 [1.9] 24:1 1.2 [0.3] 1.1 [0.4] ∑monoenes 16.2 [2.1]** 14.3 [1.4] 18:2n-6 6.1 [0.9] 7.0 [1.4] 18:3n-6 0.11 [0.04]* 0.23 [0.17] 20:2n-6 0.56 [0.18]** 0.83 [0.32] 20:3n-6 (DHGLA) 1.2 [0.2]* 1.4 [0.2] 20:4n-6 20.2 [1.7]*** 18.1 [1.8] 22:4n-6 1.7 [0.4] 1.6 [0.4] 22:5n-6 0.3 [0.21] 0.24 [0.14] n-6 metabolites ∑ 24.1 [1.9]* 22.6 [1.7] n-6 ∑ 30.2 [2.0] 29.7 [2.2] 20:5n-3 (EPA) 0.43 [0.16] 0.61 [0.35] 22:6n-3 (DHA) 1.9 [0.4]** 2.5 [0.6] ∑n-3metabolites 4.3 [0.9]* 4.8 [0.4] n-3 ∑ 4.5 [0.9]* 5.0 [0.4] DHGLA:AA ratio 0.06 [0.01]**** 0.08 [0.01] AA:EPA ratio 52.4 [20.9] 38.6 [18.4]

scholarly journals Phenotypic correlations of fatty acid composition among intramuscular, subcutaneous and intermuscular fat tissues in concentrate-fed beef cattle of differing genotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aldai ◽  
M E.R. Dugan ◽  
K. Osoro ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
D H Crews Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Muscular Hypertrophy ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Different Levels

In an attempt to predict intramuscular fatty acid composition using easily accessible fat depots, between-tissue correlations were studied in 75 Asturiana de los Valles bulls with different levels of muscular hypertrophy, and 25 Asturiana de la Montaña bulls. Trans-18:1 in intramuscular fat was highly and positively correlated with levels in subcutaneous and intermuscular fats, while levels of total n-3 were not correlated. Predicting intramuscular fatty acid composition using easily accessible depots is thus possible for some fatty acids exhibiting high between-tissue correlations (e.g., trans-18:1) but breed and tissue specific deposition may limit this for others (e.g., n-3 fatty acids). Key words: Beef, fat tissue, fatty acid, correlation

Changes in the fatty acid composition of steer subcutaneous fat, including biohydrogenation products, are minimal when finished on combinations of corn and barley grains and silages.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Vahmani ◽  
Jordan A Johnson ◽  
Brittney D Sutherland ◽  
Gregory B. Penner ◽  
Nuria Prieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Total N ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Corn Grain

Corn production in Western Canada has increased with development of short-season varieties partially offsetting the use of barley as a silage and grain source. The current study evaluated effects of silage and cereal-grain source on subcutaneous fat composition of finishing cattle. Steers (465 ± 28.0 kg) were assigned to 24 pens (12 steers/pen) in a 2 x 3 factorial design for an 89-d finishing study. Diets contained corn-silage (CS) or barley-silage (BS) at 8% (DM) combined with either dry rolled barley-grain (BG; 86% of DM), corn-grain (CG; 85% of DM), or an equal blend of barley- and corn-grain (BCG; 85% of DM). Bone-in ribeyes were collected from four steers-per-pen and subcutaneous fatty acids analyzed by gas chromatography. Feeding dry-rolled corn-grain increased dietary fat and 18:2n-6 concentrations resulting in small increases in 18:2n-6, total n-6 fatty acids, and n-6/n-3 ratios in subcutaneous fat (P < 0.05). There were no changes in proportions of major trans-18:1 isomers (t10-18:1 or t11-18:1), the main natural isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-18:2), or n-3 fatty acids. Substitution of dry rolled corn-grain for barley-grain in finisher diets can, therefore, be done without substantially altering the fatty acid composition of beef, including polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products.

scholarly journals Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Switzerland

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Herter-Aeberli ◽  
Celeste Graf ◽  
Anna Vollenweider ◽  
Isabelle Häberling ◽  
Pakeerathan Srikanthan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Total N ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Population-based data suggest that high intake of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may be beneficial in a variety of health conditions. It is likely that mainly those patients with preexisting n-3 deficiency are those that benefit most from n-3 fatty acid supplementation. Therefore, for targeted interventions, a fast and reliable screening tool for n-3 PUFA intake is necessary. Thus, the aim of this project was to adapt and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for n-3 PUFA intake in Switzerland while using as references the following: (1) 7-day food records (FR), and (2) n-3 fatty acid composition of red blood cells (RBC). We recruited 46 healthy adults for the first part of the study and 152 for the second. We used the dietary software EBISpro for the analysis of n-3 PUFA intake. RBC fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Using correlation analysis, we found a moderate significant association between FFQ and FR for α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), docosahexanoic acid (DHA), and total n-3 fatty acids (all r between 0.523 and 0.586, all p < 0.001). Bland Altman analysis further showed good agreement between the two methods and no proportional bias. Correlations between FFQ and RBC fatty acid composition were also moderate for EPA and DHA (r = 0.430 and r = 0.605, p < 0.001), but weaker for ALA and total n-3 (r = 0.314 and r = 0.211, p < 0.01). The efficacy of the FFQ to classify individuals into the same or adjacent quartile of RBC PUFA content ranged between 70% and 87% for the different fatty acids. In conclusion, we showed that the Swiss n-3 PUFA FFQ is a valid tool to assess dietary n-3 PUFA intake, especially DHA and EPA, to determine population groups at risk for low intake.

scholarly journals Tocochromanols and fatty acid composition in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) accessions

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Trela ◽  
Grażyna Silska ◽  
Marek Chyc ◽  
Dariusz Latowski ◽  
Jerzy Kruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Group I

Flax, Linum usitatissimum, cultivars are grown throughout the world. Flax oil is a dietary source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, as well as phospholipids, sterols, and phenolic acids. Linseed plays a pivotal role in protecting cells from oxidative damage associated diseases, i.e., atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and inflammation. In this study, two groups of L. usitatissimum seeds were used to evaluate and compare the content and composition of tocochromanols (vitamin E) and fatty acids. Group I included accessions originating from Poland and the Ukraine, while Group II encompassed worldwide flax cultivars (such as from the United States, Argentina, and Italy). A comparison of the tocochromanol profiles showed a higher content in Group I, although there were no significant differences in tocopherol content and composition between the genotypes within this group. All accessions in Groups I and II contained γ-tocotrienol and plastochromanol-8, which confirms the high nutritional value of flaxseeds. The composition of fatty acids varied depending on the varieties, with linolenic acid showing the greatest discrepancy. Based on the tocochromanol content and fatty acid composition, we conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, which revealed a greater similarity among the accessions in Group I. An analysis of the tocochromanol and fatty acid composition of flaxseeds is important from an agronomic and medicinal perspective and can be used to select the most appropriate flax cultivar.

Comparison Between Two Different Levels of Replacement of Free-range Rearing by an Oleic Acid and-tocopherol Enriched Diet on the Quality of Fresh Meat from Iberian Duroc (50%) Pigs

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. González ◽  
B. Velardo ◽  
J. F. Tejeda
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Biceps Muscle ◽  
Total N ◽  
Free Range

The aim of this work was to study the effect of two types of pig feeding systems (known as recebo) on fatty acid composition, tocopherols contents and susceptibility to lipid oxidation in muscle. A total of 26 Iberian Duroc (50%) barrows were divided into two groups (named as short replacement (SR) and long replacement (LR) groups) according to length of replacement of free-range rearing (based on acorn and pasture) by an oleic acid and B-tocopherol (200 mg/kg) enriched concentrate feed (SR group: 67 days in free-range rearing and finished during 20 days with concentrate diet; LR: 55 days in free-range rearing, finished 50 days with concentrate). No differences were found in chemical composition and colour of Gluteo biceps muscle between the two management systems, except for B-tocopherol content, which showed higher content (p 0.001) in LR pigs than in SR pigs. The fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat was slightly affected by feeding system. Total intramuscular and neutral lipids from Gluteo biceps muscle presented a higher proportion of C18: 1 n 9 (p 0.05) in SR than in LR pigs; however, no differences were found in total saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Composition of polar lipids revealed a higher proportion of MUFA and lower of total n 3 fatty acids in LR than in SR pigs. Feeding regime significantly affected susceptibility of muscle to iron-ascorbate-induced peroxidation. Muscles from pigs reared on SR system showing higher levels (p 0.05) of MDA after 50 and 100 min of incubation. These results indicate that the content of oleic acid and tocopherol in muscle depends on the levels of both provided by dietary means, more than the practised handling.

scholarly journals Distinct fatty acid composition of some edible by-products from bovines fed high or low silage diets

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina M Alfaia ◽  
Susana P Alves ◽  
José M Pestana ◽  
Marta S Madeira ◽  
Olga Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
By Products

In the present study, it was hypothesized that the incorporation of fatty acids is distinct among ruminant tissues and that it could be modulated by diet composition. To test this hypothesis, fatty acid composition, including conjugated linoleic acid isomers, of the most relevant beef by-products (brain, heart, kidney, liver, pancreas and tongue) from young bulls those fed distinct silage levels was assessed. Data indicated a large variation in fatty acid profile and conjugated linoleic acid composition among edible by-products. The most abundant fatty acids were C16:0 (kidney), C18:0 (heart and liver) and C18:1 c9 (brain, pancreas and tongue) followed by C20:4 n-6, except in brain (C22:6 n-3 predominates). Brain, as shown by principal component analysis, presents a distinct fatty acid composition compared to the other beef by-products analysed. In addition, high silage diet relative to low silage diet promoted an increase of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, t11, t13 and t11, c13 conjugated linoleic acid in heart, kidney, liver and pancreas. Overall, the data suggested that beef by-products had, in general, high contents of cholesterol, saturated fatty acid and trans fatty acid, as well as high levels of conjugated linoleic acid. Therefore, from a nutritional point of view they are recommended only in small amounts as part of a balanced diet.

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