scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of the Bioremediation Potential of Polychaetes (Lug worm-Arenicola marina sp and Syllidae Worm-Syllis prolifera sp) in Aquaculture Pond Sediment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
I. O. Oyo-Ita ◽  
U. A. Ugbaja ◽  
E. E. Oyo-Ita ◽  
C. Oge ◽  
B. B. Asuquo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Arenicola Marina ◽  
Aquaculture Pond ◽  
Pond Sediment ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Aquaculture Waste

Polychaetes play an important role in nutrient cycling and remediation of coastal ecosystems. Large quantities of organic matter that could lead to pollution of pond and coastal waters are generated by aquaculture waste. To assess the remediation prospects of Arenicola marina and Syllis prolifera species, laboratory sediment microcosm experiments were conducted where large size Arenicola marina and Syllis prolifera were introduced to sediment in microcosm A, large size Arenicola marina to sediment in microcosm B, large sized Syllis prolifera to sediment in microcosm C and no polychaetes to sediment in microcosm D. Microcosm A′, B′ and C′ as replicates for small size polychaetes were also set up, respectively. After 30 days, microcosm A, B and C had significant decrease in organic carbon levels with microcosm B being the highest (Total organic carbon (TOC); 27.87%; p< 0.05). Both large and small polychaetes promoted significant decrease in sulphur (S) content (mean=62.76±0.21; 62.81±0.21%) and iron(Fe) (mean=49.43±1.47; 36.28±5.90%) respectively. Increase in pH by 31.15±0.13% was found in the presence of large size polychaetes, most likely associated with the burrowing process involving oxidation of Fe to Fe2O3. Large size polychaetes had better survival (mean=92±0.82%) than their small size counterpart (mean=55±4.08%). The extent of biodegradation B>A>C>D observed revealed that large size Arenicola marina was a better bioremediator of organic matter (OM), Fe and S enriched aquaculture pond sediment, probably due to its biological characteristics, well suited for the aquaculture than other species of sea worms that produce free swimming larvae. Therefore, large size Arenicola marina significantly improved sediment quality as well as increased its pH without compromising their survival. As the search for a better bioremediator of organically enriched sediment continues, our result revealed large size Arenicola marina as a more promising candidate compared to other species documented elsewhere in the world. Hence, rearing of large size Arenicola marina sp is recommended as their feeding habits are well suited for aquaculture.

scholarly journals ORGANIC MATTER AND CARBON MANAGEMENT INDEX OF SOIL TREATED WITH COMPOSTED AND NON-COMPOSTED LAYERED RESIDUES

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
JULIANA AUGUSTA MOURA ◽  
◽  
MARIA ISIDÓRIA SILVA GONZAGA ◽  
THIAGO LIMA DA SILVA ◽  
DANIELLE VIEIRA GUIMARAES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Organic Residue ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Canopy Soil ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Carbon Management Index ◽  
Set Up

ABSTRACT The use of organic residues and compost is a common practice to improve soil quality and content of organic matter. In this study, the labile and stable fractions of soil organic matter were evaluated after application of layers of fresh (non-composted) or composted organic residues in a 6-year-old citrus orchard. The experiment was set up as a randomized block design, with 6 treatments: control without NPK, control with NPK, non-composted organic residue (NCOR, with and without NPK), and composted organic residue (humus, with and without NPK), with three replicates. The treatments were applied under the plant canopy. Soil samples were collected from the 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.15 m layers. There were increases of 10.3, 22.4, 16.3, and 37.1 % in the organic carbon contents of the surface soil for the treatments using NCOR without NPK, NCOR with NPK, humus with NPK, and humus without NPK, respectively. The organic carbon contents of the labile fraction varied from 1.0 to 12.8 g kg-1, representing between 8 and 62 % of the total carbon. The carbon concentrations in the stable fraction varied from 3.1 to 9.7 g kg-1, representing between 38 and 92 % of the total carbon, and this was the dominant fraction for most of the treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of permafrost thawing on the organic carbon and trace element colloidal speciation and microbial activity in thermokarst lakes of Western Siberia

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 8041-8086
Author(s):  
O. S. Pokrovsky ◽  
L. S. Shirokova ◽  
S. N. Kirpotin ◽  
S. Audry ◽  
J. Viers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Lake Development ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Lake Formation ◽  
Permafrost Thawing

Abstract. In order to understand the mechanisms of carbon mobilization and biodegradation during permafrost thawing and to establish the link between the organic carbon (OC), and other chemical and microbiological parameters in forming thermokarstic (thaw) lakes, we studied biogeochemistry of OC and trace elements (TE) in a chronosequence of small lakes that are being formed due to permafrost thawing in the northern part of Western Siberia. About 20 lakes and small ponds of various sizes and ages were sampled for dissolved and colloidal organic carbon and metals and culturable heterotrophic bacterial cell number. We observed a sequence of ecosystem stages corresponding to the evolution from peat thawing and palsa degradation due to permafrost subsidence in small ponds to large, km – size lakes subject to drainage and, finally, the khasyrey (drained lake) formation. There is a systematic evolution of both total dissolved and colloidal concentration of OC and TE in the lake water along the chronosequence of lake development that may be directly linked to microbial mineralization of dissolved organic matter and liberation of the mineral part (Fe, Al, TE) from organo-mineral colloids. In this chronosequence of lake development, we observe a clear decrease of the relative proportion of <1 kDa (1 kDa~1 nm) OC concentration along with concentration of total dissolved (<0.45 μm) OC. This is accompanied by an increase of the small size organic ligands (probably autochtonous exometabolites produced by the phytoplankton) and a concomitant decrease of the proportion of large-size organic (humic) complexes having allochtonous (soil) origin. This evolution may be due to the activity of heterotrophic bacterioplancton that uses allochtonous organic matter and dissolved nutrients originated from the peat lixiviation. Most insoluble TE demonstrate a systematic decrease of concentration during filtration (5 μm, 0.45 μm) exhibiting a similar pattern among different samples. At the same time, there is an increase of the relative proportion of large size particles over <1 kDa fraction for most insoluble elements along the chronosequence of lake evolution. TE are likely to be bound to colloidal OC but also coprecipitated with the mineral (Fe, Al) part of colloids. Upon progressive consumption of dissolved OC by heterotrophic bacteria, there is a liberation of Fe, Al, and insoluble TE in the water column that may be subjected to coagulation in the form of particles or large-size mineral colloids.

scholarly journals Effect of permafrost thawing on organic carbon and trace element colloidal speciation in the thermokarst lakes of western Siberia

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Pokrovsky ◽  
L. S. Shirokova ◽  
S. N. Kirpotin ◽  
S. Audry ◽  
J. Viers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Lake Development ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Lake Formation ◽  
Permafrost Thawing

Abstract. To examine the mechanisms of carbon mobilization and biodegradation during permafrost thawing and to establish a link between organic carbon (OC) and other chemical and microbiological parameters in forming thermokarst (thaw) lakes, we studied the biogeochemistry of OC and trace elements (TEs) in a chronosequence of small lakes that are being formed due to permafrost thawing in the northern part of western Siberia. Twenty lakes and small ponds of various sizes and ages were sampled for dissolved and colloidal organic carbon, metals and culturable heterotrophic bacterial cell number. We observed a sequence of ecosystems from peat thawing and palsa degradation due to permafrost subsidence in small ponds to large, km-size lakes that are subject to drainage to, finally, the khasyrey (drained lake) formation. There is a systematic evolution of both total dissolved and colloidal concentration of OC and TEs in the lake water along with the chronosequence of lake development that may be directly linked to the microbial mineralization of dissolved organic matter and the liberation of the inorganic components (Fe, Al, and TEs) from the organo-mineral colloids. In this chronosequence of lake development, we observed an apparent decrease in the relative proportion of low molecular weight <1 kDa (1 kDa ~ 1 nm) OC concentration along with a decrease in the concentration of total dissolved (<0.45 μm) OC. This decrease was accompanied by an increase in the small size organic ligands (probably autochthonous exometabolites produced by the phytoplankton) and a simultaneous decrease in the proportion of large-size organic (humic) complexes of allochthonous (soil) origin. This evolution may be due to the activity of heterotrophic bacterioplankton that use allochthonous organic matter and dissolved nutrients originating from peat lixiviation. Most insoluble TEs demonstrate a systematic decrease in concentration during filtration (5 μm, 0.45 μm) exhibiting a similar pattern among different samples. At the same time, there is an increase in the relative proportion of large size particles over the <1 kDa fraction for most insoluble elements along the chronosequence of lake evolution. TEs are likely to be bound to colloidal OC and coprecipitate with the mineral (Fe, Al) part of the colloids. Upon progressive consumption of dissolved OC by the heterotrophic bacteria, there is liberation of Fe, Al, and insoluble TEs in the water column that may be subjected to coagulation in the form of particles or large-size mineral colloids.

Earth’s Middle Ages: What Came after the GOE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Eugene Canfield
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Iron Formation ◽  
Banded Iron Formation ◽  
Dissolved Iron ◽  
Great Oxidation Event ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Substantial Rise

This chapter considers the aftermath of the great oxidation event (GOE). It suggests that there was a substantial rise in oxygen defining the GOE, which may, in turn have led to the Lomagundi isotope excursion, which was associated with high rates of organic matter burial and perhaps even higher concentrations of oxygen. This excursion was soon followed by a crash in oxygen to very low levels and a return to banded iron formation deposition. When the massive amounts of organic carbon buried during the excursion were brought into the weathering environment, they would have represented a huge oxygen sink, drawing down levels of atmospheric oxygen. There appeared to be a veritable seesaw in oxygen concentrations, apparently triggered initially by the GOE. The GOE did not produce enough oxygen to oxygenate the oceans. Dissolved iron was removed from the oceans not by reaction with oxygen but rather by reaction with sulfide. Thus, the deep oceans remained anoxic and became rich in sulfide, instead of becoming well oxygenated.

scholarly journals Impact of aquaculture on distribution of dissolved organic matter in coastal Jeju Island, Korea, based on absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeonghyun Kim ◽  
Yeseul Kim ◽  
Sung Eun Park ◽  
Tae-Hoon Kim ◽  
Bong-Guk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Jeju Island

AbstractIn Jeju Island, multiple land-based aquafarms were fully operational along most coastal region. However, the effect of effluent on distribution and behaviours of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the coastal water are still unknown. To decipher characteristics of organic pollution, we compared physicochemical parameters with spectral optical properties near the coastal aquafarms in Jeju Island. Absorption spectra were measured to calculate the absorption coefficient, spectral slope coefficient, and specific UV absorbance. Fluorescent DOM was analysed using fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) were measured using high-temperature catalytic oxidation. The DOC concentration near the discharge outlet was twice higher than that in natural groundwater, and the TDN concentration exponentially increased close to the outlet. These distribution patterns indicate that aquafarms are a significant source of DOM. Herein, principal component analysis was applied to categorise the DOM origins. There were two distinct groups, namely, aquaculture activity for TDN with humic-like and high molecular weights DOM (PC1: 48.1%) and natural biological activity in the coastal water for DOC enrichment and protein-like DOM (PC2: 18.8%). We conclude that the aquafarms significantly discharge organic nitrogen pollutants and provoke in situ production of organic carbon. Furthermore, these findings indicate the potential of optical techniques for the efficient monitoring of anthropogenic organic pollutants from aquafarms worldwide.

scholarly journals Traces of sunlight in the organic matter biogeochemistry of two shallow subarctic lakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marttiina V. Rantala ◽  
Carsten Meyer-Jacob ◽  
E. Henriikka Kivilä ◽  
Tomi P. Luoto ◽  
Antti. E. K. Ojala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
Subarctic Lakes ◽  
Carbon Regulation ◽  
In Situ Experiments

AbstractGlobal environmental change alters the production, terrestrial export, and photodegradation of organic carbon in northern lakes. Sedimentary biogeochemical records can provide a unique means to understand the nature of these changes over long time scales, where observational data fall short. We deployed in situ experiments on two shallow subarctic lakes with contrasting light regimes; a clear tundra lake and a dark woodland lake, to first investigate the photochemical transformation of carbon and nitrogen elemental (C/N ratio) and isotope (δ13C, δ15N) composition in lake water particulate organic matter (POM) for downcore inferences. We then explored elemental, isotopic, and spectral (inferred lake water total organic carbon [TOC] and sediment chlorophyll a [CHLa]) fingerprints in the lake sediments to trace changes in aquatic production, terrestrial inputs and photodegradation before and after profound human impacts on the global carbon cycle prompted by industrialization. POM pool in both lakes displayed tentative evidence of UV photoreactivity, reflected as increasing δ13C and decreasing C/N values. Through time, the tundra lake sediments traced subtle shifts in primary production, while the woodland lake carried signals of changing terrestrial contributions, indicating shifts in terrestrial carbon export but possibly also photodegradation rates. Under global human impact, both lakes irrespective of their distinct carbon regimes displayed evidence of increased productivity but no conspicuous signs of increased terrestrial influence. Overall, sediment biogeochemistry can integrate a wealth of information on carbon regulation in northern lakes, while our results also point to the importance of considering the entire spectrum of photobiogeochemical fingerprints in sedimentary studies.

Soil organic matter formation is controlled by the chemistry and bioavailability of organic carbon inputs across different land uses

2021 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 145307
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bahadori ◽  
Chengrong Chen ◽  
Stephen Lewis ◽  
Sue Boyd ◽  
Mehran Rezaei Rashti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Formation

scholarly journals Nitrogen Immobilisation and Microbial Biomass Build-Up Induced by Miscanthus x giganteus L. Based Fertilisers

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1386
Author(s):  
Michael Stotter ◽  
Florian Wichern ◽  
Ralf Pude ◽  
Martin Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Miscanthus X Giganteus ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Set Up

Cultivation of Miscanthus x giganteus L. (Mis) with annual harvest of biomass could provide an additional C source for farmers. To test the potential of Mis-C for immobilizing inorganic N from slurry or manure and as a C source for soil organic matter build-up in comparison to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw (WS), a greenhouse experiment was performed. Pot experiments with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were set up to investigate the N dynamics of two organic fertilisers based on Mis at Campus Klein-Altendorf, Germany. The two fertilisers, a mixture of cattle slurry and Mis as well as cattle manure from Mis-bedding material resulted in a slightly higher N immobilisation. Especially at the 1st and 2nd harvest, they were partly significantly different compared with the WS treatments. The fertilisers based on Mis resulted in a slightly higher microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N and thus can be identified as an additional C source to prevent nitrogen losses and for the build-up of soil organic matter (SOM) in the long-term.

Removal of trihalomethanes from high organic matter water sources using aeration: a feasibility study

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-197
Author(s):  
Saeideh Mirzaei ◽  
Beata Gorczyca
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Canadian Guideline ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
By Products

Abstract In this study, diffused aeration was applied to remove trihalomethane (THM) compounds from chlorinated, treated water containing high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of 6.8 ± 1.2 mg/L. Increasing air-to-water volumetric ratio (rA/W) from 16 to 39 enhanced total THM (TTHM) removal from 60 to 70% at 20 °C and from 30 to 50% at 4 °C. Although bromodichloromethane has lower Henry's law constant than chloroform (CF), it was removed by a higher degree than CF in some aeration trials. Albeit obtaining high removals in aeration, TTHM reformed, and their concentration surpassed the Canadian guideline of 100 ppb in about 24 hours at 20 °C and 40 hours at 10 °C in all attempted air-to-water ratios. The water age in the system investigated in this study varied from 48 hours in midpoint chlorine boosting stations to 336 hours in the nearest endpoint. This study showed that THM removal by aeration is not a viable solution to control the concentration of these disinfection by-products in high-DOC treated water and in distribution systems where water age exceeds 24 hours; unless, it is going to be installed at the distribution endpoints.

scholarly journals Distribution of inorganic and organic nutrients in the South Pacific Ocean − evidence for long-term accumulation of organic matter in nitrogen-depleted waters

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Raimbault ◽  
N. Garcia ◽  
F. Cerutti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
The South ◽  
Photic Layer

Abstract. During the BIOSOPE cruise the RV Atalante was dedicated to study the biogeochemical properties in the South Pacific between the Marquesas Islands (141° W–8° S) and the Chilean upwelling (73° W–34° S). Over the 8000 km covered by the cruise, several different trophic situations were encountered, in particular strong oligotrophic conditions in the South Pacific Gyre (SPG, between 123° W and 101° W). In this isolated region, nitrate was undetectable between the surface and 160–180 m and only trace quantities (<20 nmoles l−1) of regenerated nitrogen (nitrite and ammonium) were detected, even in the subsurface maximum. Integrated nitrate over the photic layer, which reached 165 m, was close to zero. Despite this severe nitrogen-depletion, phosphate was always present in significant concentrations (≈0.1 μmoles l−1), while silicic acid was maintained at low but classical oceanic levels (≈1 μmoles l−1). In contrast, the Marquesas region (MAR) to the west and Chilean upwelling (UPW) to the east were characterized by high nutrient concentrations, one hundred to one thousand fold higher than in the SPG. The distribution of surface chlorophyll reflected the nitrate gradient, the lowest concentrations (0.023 nmoles l−1) being measured at the centre of the SPG, where integrated value throughout the photic layer was very low (≈ 10 mg m−2). However, due to the relatively high concentrations of chlorophyll-a encountered in the DCM (0.2 μg l−1), chlorophyll-a concentrations throughout the photic layer were less variable than nitrate concentrations (by a factor 2 to 5). In contrast to chlorophyll-a, integrated particulate organic matter (POM) remained more or less constant along the study area (500 mmoles m−2, 60 mmoles m−2 and 3.5 mmoles m−2 for particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen and particulate organic phosphorus, respectively), with the exception of the upwelling, where values were two fold higher. The residence time of particulate carbon in the surface water was only 4–5 days in the upwelling, but up to 30 days in the SPG, where light isotopic δ15N signal noted in the suspended POM suggests that N2-fixation provides a dominant supply of nitrogen to phytoplankton. The most striking feature was the large accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the SPG compared to the surrounding waters, in particular dissolved organic carbon (DOC) where concentrations were at levels rarely measured in oceanic waters (>100 μmoles l−1). Due to this large pool of DOM in the SPG photic layer, integrated values followed a converse geographical pattern to that of inorganic nutrients with a large accumulation in the centre of the SPG. Whereas suspended particulate matter in the mixed layer had a C/N ratio largely conforming to the Redfield stochiometry (C/N≈6.6), marked deviations were observed in this excess DOM (C/N≈16 to 23). The marked geographical trend suggests that a net in situ source exists, mainly due to biological processes. Thus, in spite of strong nitrate-depletion leading to low chlorophyll biomass, the closed ecosystem of the SPG can accumulate large amounts of C-rich dissolved organic matter. The implications of this finding are examined, the conclusion being that, due to weak lateral advection, the biologically produced dissolved organic carbon can be accumulated and stored in the photic layer for very long periods. In spite of the lack of seasonal vertical mixing, a significant part of new production (up to 34%), which was mainly supported by dinitrogen fixation, can be exported to deep waters by turbulent diffusion in terms of DOC. The diffusive rate estimated in the SPG (134 μmolesC m−2 d−1), was quite equivalent to the particles flux measured by sediments traps.

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