scholarly journals A Study on Economics of Coffee (Coffea arabica) Plantation in Nagaland, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Imsuakum Pongener ◽  
Sanjoy Das
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Coffee Plantation ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
Coffee Cultivation ◽  
The Cost

The present study was conducted for estimating the economics of coffee plantation in Nagaland. Three districts were selected, and 60 respondents were interviewed from the selected districts. Selection of respondents was carried out with the help of snowball sampling method. Snowball sampling method was used due to limitation of secondary data on coffee farmers and the uneven distribution of coffee farmers. The cost of coffee cultivation was estimated by using different cost concepts used in farm management studies. This study revealed that total establishment cost of coffee was Rs. 22,271/- per acre. The gestation period of arabica coffee found as 4 years for the present study, thereafter the maintenance stage begins with an annual maintenance cost of Rs. 17,762/- per acre. Average yield reported in the study area was 229 kg/acre and making a gross income of Rs. 45,868 /- per acre. The net return worked out as Rs 28,106/- per acre / annum. The productivity of coffee was found as lower than the national average, which maybe as a result of poor availability of labour, the plantations are rainfed and organic by default, therefore absence of fertilizer input may attribute to low productivity. The cost as well as the yield was found lower in the marginal category and increased as the plantation size increases, this may be due to the absence of competitiveness and poor technical knowledge on the management of the plantation among the marginal growers. However having a return to scale value of 1.03 and benefit cost ratio of 1.6, it was cleared that the coffee plantation in Nagaland is profitable and can be undertaken in a commercial scale.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA PEMASARAN BIBIT BUAH (Studi Kasus Pada CV. Flora Chania di Kecamatan Palaran Kota Samarinda) (The Feasibility Analysis of Marketing Business of Fruit Seedling (Case Study at the CV. Flora Chania in Palaran Subcity, Samarinda City))

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
FADHILLAH KUSUMA RAHAYU ◽  
SYARIFAH AIDA
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

The purposes of this research were to determine the cost, revenue, and profit of fruit seedling marketing and the feasibility of marketing business of fruit seedling at the CV. Flora Chania in Palaran Subcity, Samarinda City. This research was conducted during 3 months from March to May 2019. The data were collected secondary data. The analysis included calculation of cost, revenue, profit, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C Ratio), dan payback period. The research results showed an average operational cost of IDR248,945,720.00 year-1 or IDR20,745,477.00 month-1, an average revenue of IDR349,900,000.00 year-1 or IDR29,083,333.00 month-1 and the average income of IDR100,818,566.00 year-1 or IDR8,326,547.00 month-1. This research found  the NPV value of IDR37,464,538.00 at a factor discount rate of 10%, IRR value of 4.6%, Net B/C Ratio value of 1.32, while the payback period of 1 year and 4 months. The results of this research  indicate that based on an assessment of technical aspect, management and legal aspects, market and marketing aspects, and financial aspect, the marketing of fruit seedling is feasible to be developed. 

scholarly journals Economic Justification for Development and Operationalization of Rail-Freight-Corridors Between Hub-Seaports and Inland Container Depots in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-76
Author(s):  
Theophilus Chinonyerem Nwokedi ◽  
Obed C. Ndikom ◽  
Chigozie Uzoma Odumodu ◽  
Ifiokobong I. Okonko
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Rail Freight ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Economic Justification ◽  
Container Depots ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract The study provided economic justification for private sector investment in developing, revitalizing and making operable, the rail-freight-corridors between hub-seaports and inland container depots in Nigeria. It estimated the operator-benefits and profitability potentials of investment in each of the ten rail-freight-corridors consisting of existing but inoperable and proposed rail routes from the major seaports to the Inland container depots in different geopolitical regions of Nigeria. Secondary data on the import and export (cargo generation) capacities of each of the ICD regions to and from the respectively connected hub-seaport were obtained from the Nigerian ports authority statistical report covering a period of two years (2018 – 2019) based upon which the annual expected revenue earnings of the operators were estimated. The cost of investment was also obtained. Benefit-Cost-Ratio (BCR) and Net Present Value (NPV) were used to estimate the operator-benefits and profitability potentials of each rail route. It was found that six of the rail routes have BCR > 1; and NPV>0; implying higher operator-benefits over costs within the period while four of the rail-routes have BCR <1; and NPV <0; implying higher operator-costs over benefits.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENDAPATAN BUDIDAYA DAN PENGOLAHAN HASIL GEMBILI (Dioscorea esculenta) SEBAGAI SUMBER PANGAN ALTERNATIF BAGI KELUARGA DI KAMPUNG YANGGANDUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paskalina Tatay ◽  
Maria Maghdalena Diana Widiastuti ◽  
Untari Untari
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Cost And Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

ABSTRACTLocal food which can be utilized as a source of carbohydrates is gembili (Dioscorea esculenta). The farming system of gembilistil in tradisonial way and not for the profit oriented. Meanwhile the nutrition of gembili almost the same as othercarbohydrates such as rice or sweet potatoes. The purpose of this research is to analyze cost and benefit of gembili cultivationand processing of gembili become donut and cake gembili. The methodology using Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio) and RevenueCost Ratio (R/C Ratio). This research was conducted in December 2017 to January 2018 in Kampung Yanggandur DistrictSota Merauke Regency. Sampling technique used Snowball Sampling. The samples are 7 respondents. The results showed thatthe cost of farming cultivation gembili is Rp44.871.140, -, while the benefit is Rp86.225.040, - The profit gain as Rp41.353.900,-. The B/C Ratio is 1,92. Gembili procesing become cake gembili more profitable than donut gembili. The cost of donut gembiliis Rp5.582.000/month, while the cake gembili is Rp4.804.000/month. The revenue of donut gembili is Rp7.200.000/monthwhilethe renenue of cake gembili is Rp15.000.000,00/month. The R/C Ratio of donut gembili is 0.53 while cake gembili is1,69 means both of gembili processing become donut dand cake gembili is feasible to developed.Keywords: cost, benefit, feasibility, gembili.

scholarly journals PEMASARAN BAWANG MERAH DI DESA TONSEWER SELATAN KECAMATAN TOMPASO BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Lasmaria Elisabet Marbun ◽  
Juliana R. Mandei ◽  
Ribka M. Kumaat
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Snowball Sampling

This study aims to analyze marketing channels and the efficiency of onion marketing in South Tonsewer Village, west Tompaso District. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained through a list of questions that have been prepared while secondary data obtained from BP3K Office District West Tompaso, BPS (Central Statistics Agency), Internet and previous research on Marketing. Farmer samples were collected using Simple Random Sampling method and for marketing institution using snowball sampling method. The number of samples of farmers is 25 people. The data are presented in tabular form and then analyzed descriptively. The concept of measurement of variables used is the selling price, the number of onion and marketing costs. The results showed that marketing channels in Tonsewer Selatan Village, Tompaso Barat District consisted of 4 (1) farmers - Kawangkoan market retailers - consumers, (2) farmers - seller retailers Langowan market - consumers, (3) farmers - collectors village - Tomohon market-consumer merchants, and (4) farmers - village wholesalers - wholesalers of Bitung port - consumers. Based on the value of price transmission elasticity, marketing margin, farmer's share, and profit-to-cost ratio indicate that four marketing channels are not efficient. an efficient marketing channel based on the value of price transmission elasticity, marketing margins, and farmer's share, two efficient marketing channels based on farmer's share and cost-benefit ratios, and three efficient marketing channels at farmer's share.

scholarly journals Profitability of large cardamom enterprise in Nepal?: Evidence from financial analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
Keshav Prasad Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Large Cardamom

Large Cardamom is major exportable commodities prioritized by Ministry of Commerce and Supply in Nepal. However, no study has been reported for its financial analysis in the country. In this context, this study was designed and conducted in Ilam, Panchthar, and Taplejung to assess the profitability and financial viability of cardamom production. Primary data needed for the study were collected using structured survey schedule with 30 randomly selected cardamom growers from each selected district in May-July 2017. Primary information mainly compose information on investment cost, operating cost and revenue. Three Focus Group Discussions were also carried out in each district for triangulation of collected information. The secondary data were used for the Compound Annual Growth Analysis and financial analysis. The economic yield starts from the fourth year and remains similar up to 20 years. But, it was found from the study that with the proper management of the crop cultivation packages, about 10% yield starts from third year which have not been reported yet. The financial analysis result showed that, the Return on Investment was found about 160% with payback period of 4.09 years. Similarly, Net Present Value was assessed at NRs. 3,545,771 at 12% discount rate. Likewise, the Internal Rate of Return Benefit-Cost Ratio of cardamom production was 82.6% and 3.06, respectively. The sensitivity analysis with 20% increase in the cost of production and 20% decrease in the sold price rate also found profitable and viable enterprises as its Return on Investment is 34%, PBP is 5.64 years, NPV equals NRs. 2,154,393, IRR 57.6% and BCR found 2.06. Hence, the study recommends that this enterprise is very profitable and viable and farmer could invest confidently even its rate fluctuates very often.

scholarly journals Efficiency Comparison between Conventional and Modern Port Operation System for Small-Scale Dry Bulk Cargo

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Aulia Tiara ◽  
Julfikhsan Ahmad Mukhti
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Operation System ◽  
Financial Assessment ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Port Operation ◽  
Efficiency Comparison ◽  
Efficient Option ◽  
The Right

Since the launching of Sea Toll Road Program in 2015, the improvement in ports’ operation systems has become Indonesia’s foremost necessity. This improvement commonly leads to equipment modernization, while realistically, modern equipment does not always amount to a productive performance, especially in the context of small-scale ports. Instead, it is prone to creating wasteful capital and maintenance cost as well as making the planning time ineffective. This study compares two options of port operation systems in a small port, which is conventional and technologically-advanced method for dry bulk cargo. It results in thin gaps between each option’s financial assessment variables, which are Internal Rate of Return, Benefit/Cost Ratio and Payback Period, regardless of a stark difference between each option’s equipment cost. This study concludes that with the right approach, the conventional operation system is still the most efficient option compared to its contemporary opposite.

scholarly journals Evaluating Public Programs with Close Substitutes: The Case of Head Start*

2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 1795-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Kline ◽  
Christopher R. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Test Score ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Public Programs ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fiscal Impacts ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract We use data from the Head Start Impact Study (HSIS) to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Head Start, the largest early childhood education program in the United States. Head Start draws roughly a third of its participants from competing preschool programs, many of which receive public funds. We show that accounting for the fiscal impacts of such program substitution pushes estimates of Head Start’s benefit-cost ratio well above one under a wide range of assumptions on the structure of the market for preschool services and the dollar value of test score gains. To parse the program’s test score impacts relative to home care and competing preschools, we selection-correct test scores in each care environment using excluded interactions between experimental assignments and household characteristics. We find that Head Start generates larger test score gains for children who would not otherwise attend preschool and for children who are less likely to participate in the program.

scholarly journals SISTEM PEMASARAN GAMBIR DI SUMATERA BARAT (Kasus di Kecamatan Kapur IX, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amelira Haris Nasution ◽  
Ratna Winandi Asmarantaka ◽  
Luqman M Baga
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Marketing Function ◽  
Commodity Export ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Channel Analysis

Gambier  is  one  of  the  commodity  export  in  Indonesia  and  it  has  been supplied  80%  of  the  world’s  needs.  The  largest  gambier  production  area  is  Lima Puluh  Kota  Regency,  West  Sumatera  (70,39%).  The  benefit  from  its  position  as  the biggest  gambier  supplier  or  producer  is  not  enjoyed  by  gambier  farmer  because  of weak gambier marketing  and  the role of  merchand middlement had a more powerful and dominant  for  determine  of gambier prices.  The purpose of this study  is  analyzing marketing  system  of  gambier  through  marketing  channel  analysis,  marketing channel’s  role  analysis  (farmer  group  and  merchand  middlemen)  and  operational efficiency analysis. This study was conducted from Desember 2014 until January 2015 in  Kapur  IX  Subdistrict,  Lima  Puluh  Kota  Regency,  West  Sumatera.  Farmer s  were chosen  by  purposive  sampling  method  and  middlemen  were  chosen  by  snowball sampling  method. Data processing  in this study was  using  descriptive qualitative and quantitative  analysis.  The  result  of  this  study  showed  that  there  are  4  marketing channels  of  gambier  marketing.  Based  on  operational  efficiency  indicator,  all marketing channels had been inefficiency because of weak farmer’s bargaining power so their  role is just as a price taker. But  among all  marketing channels, channel  4  is more  efficient  relatively  based  on  benefit and cost  ratio,  price  share  and  marketing function implementation. The result of this  study  also  showed that farmer  group  and farmer  association  of  gambier  are  still  in  starter  institution  so  that  they  are  not capable to contribute in marketing gambier.

scholarly journals Analisis Kelayakan Ekonomi Mesin Pencacah Rumput Gajah Tipe Reel

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Wahyu K Sugandi ◽  
Asep Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Cutting Machine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

ABSTRACTEconomic analysis reel type cutting machine for elephant grassThe need grass for fodder in the region Lembang has been increasing, but it does not followed byits quality. Therefore, cutting machine which is able to cut the fodder no more than 5 cm size is needed. The Laboratory of Agricultural Machinery and Machinery Department of Agricultural Engineering and Biosystem FTIP Unpad had been developed an elephant grass enchant machine inaccordance with the requirements of making the silage, but no economic feasibility analysis has been done for the machine. Therefore it was necessary to study the economic feasibility analysis of elephant grass cutting machine. The method used in this study was the economic analysis methodwhich includes the cost of production and the breakeven point, and business feasibility including net present value (NPV), benefit cost ratio analysis (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period analysis (PBP). The results showed that the cost of production of elephant grass enemies was Rp 2,178 / kg with production breakeven 18.769 kg, BC ratio of 1.15, NPV1 of Rp 70,770, - NPV2 of Rp 61.333, - IRR of 27% and payback period during 2 months. So it can be concluded that the use of elephant-type elephant chopper machine was feasible to use.Keywords: Elephant grass, economic analysis, cutting machineABSTRAKKebutuhan rumput gajah untuk pakan ternak (silase) di daerah Lembang terus meningkat. Syarat pembuatan silase tersebut bahwa panjang potongan rumput gajah sebaiknya < 5 cm. Untuk itudiperlukan sebuah mesin pencacah rumput gajah sesuai syarat pembuatan silase. LaboratoriumAlat dan Mesin Pertanian Departemen Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem FTIP Unpad telah mengembangkan sebuah mesin pencacah rumput gajah sesuai syarat pembuatan silase tersebut, tetapi belum dilakukan analisis kelayakan ekonomi untuk mesin tersebut. Oleh karena itdiperlukan suatu penelitian berkenaan dengan analisis kelayakan ekonomi mesin pencacah rumput gajah. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode analisis ekonomi yang meliputi biaya pokok produksi dan titik impas, serta kelayakan usaha yang meliputi net present value(NPV), benefit cost ratio analysis (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR) dan payback period analysis(PBP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya pokok produksi mesin pencacah rumput gajah adalah Rp 2.178/kg dengan titik impas produksi 18.769 kg, BC rasio sebesar 1,15, NPV1 sebesar Rp 70.770,- NPV2 = Rp 61.333,- IRR sebesar 27% dan payback period selama 2 bulan. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengunaan mesin pencacah rumput gajah tipe reel layak digunakan. Kata Kunci : Rumput Gajah, Analisis Ekonomi, Mesin Pencacah

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Snail Marketing in Ibadan North East Local Government Area Oyo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. F. Aderounmu ◽  
I. O. Oyewo ◽  
O. O. Oke
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
North East ◽  
Frequency Table ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

This paper reports findings from a study carried out to investigate the profitability of snail marketing in Ibadan North East Local Government area of Oyo State. Structured questionnaires and interview schedules were designed to obtain information on socio-economic characteristics, operational capital and source, years of experience in the business and constraints to snail marketing. Seventy snail marketers, randomly selected from three major markets which are Oje, Agodi gate and Agugu market;. The data collected were analyzed using frequency table, percentage, gross margin, Benefit/ Cost ratio and Marketing Efficiency analyses. Majority (94.3%) of the respondents were female while 5.7% were male. 31.5% were between the ages of 51-60years with mean age of 54.9 years. It was also shown that 50% source their capital through personal savings between N11,000-N20,000 and 47.1% with 5-9years experience. The cost and return analysis revealed that total revenue was N1, 457,700.00k and total cost was N1, 285,320.00k while gross margin    was N172, 380.00k and benefit- cost ratio was 1.13 which implies that for every N1.00 invested the marketer will make a return of N1.13k on every snail sold, Marketing efficiency was 88%. Major constraints to snail marketing in the study area were poor market patronage (87.1%) and seasonality (82.9%). Snail farming is advocated since it is a profitable agribusiness and can be achieved through cooperatives and micro credit facilities. Also, marketing of snail in the area    should be restructured and standardized to command frequent patronage and command higher price value.

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