scholarly journals Comparative Studies on Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing in Nigeria Case Study: Helical Gear in a Juice Extractor

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C. F. Nwaeche ◽  
A. O. Fagunwa ◽  
A. A. Olokoshe ◽  
A. E. Aderowmu ◽  
V. C. T. Uzondu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Additive Method ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Additive Methods

All over the world, additive and subtractive manufacturing are the two basic manufacturing methods used for the development of engineering goods and products. In most cases, the method adopted by the manufacturers usually depends on its cost-effectiveness. However, most of the manufacturing industries in Nigeria have little or no information on the relative advantages and disadvantages of the two methods. This had led to many industries adopting one particular method hook, line and sinker without considering the merits that would be offered by the alternative manufacturing method. This paper, therefore, compared the two methods of manufacturing by carrying out reverse engineering of worn-out helical gears (components of a juice extractor) developed using additive and subtractive manufacturing techniques. The parts of the equipment were developed using a lathe, milling and deburring machines to carry out the drilling, turning, grinding, milling and deburring for subtractive manufacturing and 3-D printing machine for additive method. Two gears A and B were developed by both subtractive and additive methods using the dimension of two old gears, which serve as the basis for determining the variation of the nomenclatures of the developed gears from the standard. The time used for product development, cost of production and the energy expended during the production of the two gears using additive and subtractive manufacturing methods were also determined using appropriate methods. The study also showed that it is less expensive to produce both gears A and B using the additive method than the subtractive method. Similarly, in term of energy used, less energy was used during fabrication of the gears using additive method than subtractive method but in general, when you want to print a whole component at once the 3D printer volume could be a major constraint. Hence, the adaptation of additive manufacturing method as a whole or part with the existing subtractive method will help to improve manufacturing industries in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Engineering and Economic Aspects of Additive Manufacturing in Energy Related Industries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Dutta ◽  
Sagar Dasgupta ◽  
Geetha Chimata
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Am Processes

Additive manufacturing is the buzz word these days and many companies are leaning on this technology to leap forward in un-chartered design space that promises to give better performance at impossible to reach design goals with the current manufacturing methods. This paper addresses recent developments that have occurred in Energy related businesses with the adoption of 3D printing, also known as Additive Manufacturing (AM). It covers what and why of additive manufacturing; what constitutes energy and AM industry; current activities in AM for energy; AM for different energy sectors; AM processes; AM applications; selected patents in additive manufacturing associated with energy applications; and economic and financial aspects of AM in energy related industries. In this review paper it was noted that in-spite of phenomenal growth in AM, it seldom replaces traditional production methods due to associated constraints. Many companies are finding complimentary AM processes along with subtractive manufacturing techniques to meet the market demands. However, AM is particularly advantageous and attractive compared to traditional manufacturing methods for low volume complex geometry parts.

scholarly journals Variations in the Surface Integrity of Ti-6Al-4V by Combinations of Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Processes

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Bejjani ◽  
Erik Bamford ◽  
Stefan Cedergren ◽  
Andreas Archenti ◽  
Amir Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Aerospace Sector ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Am Processes

Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently been accorded considerable interest by manufacturers. Many manufacturing industries, amongst others in the aerospace sector, are already using AM parts or are investing in such manufacturing methods. Important material properties, such as microstructures, residual stress, and surface topography, can be affected by AM processes. In addition, a subtractive manufacturing (SM) process, such as machining, is required for finishing certain parts when accurate tolerances are required. This finish machining will subsequently affect the surface integrity and topography of the material. In this research work, we focused on the surface integrity of Ti-6Al-4V parts manufactured using three different types of AM and finished using an SM step. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding on how each process affects the resulting surface integrity of the material. It was found that each AM process affects the materials’ properties differently and that clear differences exist compared to a reference material manufactured using conventional methods. The newly generated surface was investigated after the SM step and each combination of AM/SM resulted in differences in surface integrity. It was found that different AM processes result in different microstructures which in turn affect surface integrity after the SM process.

scholarly journals An Additive Manufacturing Method Using Large-Scale Wood Inspired by Laminated Object Manufacturing and Plywood Technology

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Yubo Tao ◽  
Qing Yin ◽  
Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Laminated Object Manufacturing ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Thickness Layer

Wood-based materials in current additive manufacturing (AM) feedstocks are primarily restricted to the micron scale. Utilizing large-scale wood in existing AM techniques remains a challenge. This paper proposes an AM method—laser-cut veneer lamination (LcVL)—for wood-based product fabrication. Inspired by laminated object manufacturing (LOM) and plywood technology, LcVL bonds wood veneers in a layer-upon-layer manner. As demonstrated by printed samples, LcVL was able to retain the advantageous qualities of AM, specifically, the ability to manufacture products with complex geometries which would otherwise be impossible using subtractive manufacturing techniques. Furthermore, LcVL-product structures designed through adjusting internal voids and wood-texture directionality could serve as material templates or matrices for functional wood-based materials. Numerical analyses established relations between the processing resolution of LcVL and proportional veneer thickness (layer height). LcVL could serve as a basis for the further development of large-scale wood usage in AM.

Design process for serious activities inspired by play and games: a problem solving with a board game from disengamement and gamification processes (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Goria ◽  
Louise Dupet ◽  
Maëva Négroni ◽  
Gabriel Sega ◽  
Philippe Arnoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Board Game ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Design Result

BACKGROUND most serious games and other game-based tools are designed as digital games or escape games. They are designed for learning or sometimes in the field of medicine as an aid to care. However, they can also be seen as an aid to research, in our case, to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of imaging techniques for cancer detection. OBJECTIVE we present a case study of action research on the design of a serious board game intended to consider the advantages and weaknesses of a diagnostic method in a different ways. The goal was to better understand the principles of designing a tool using game or play. METHODS we explicitly implemented another process than gamification to develop a structure reminiscent of the game to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of different imaging techniques from the point of view of the respondents (in this case specialists not directly involved in the project). Based on this feedback and the scientific literature on this subject, we detail the main categories of games and games developed for serious use in order to understand their differences. Concerning the cancer research part to which game contributes, our method is based on questions asked to experts and practitioners of this specialty. RESULTS an expert point of view translation tool in the form of a game has been realized to apprehend a research in a different way. CONCLUSIONS we show with the help of a diagram, some possible design paths leading to this type of design result including two hidden dimensions to consider (the awareness of the game or play by the "player" and his role as a contributor or recipient).

Science Fiction and Administrative Truths: The Short Story and Novella as Administrative Cases

Public Voices ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Nolan J. Argyle ◽  
Lee M. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Organizational Complexity ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hands On

Pre-service and in-service MPA students share a common desire for hands-on, real world instruction related to their professional career goals, leading to a pedagogic discounting of fiction as an appropriate tool for analyzing and "solving" problems. However, several factors weigh heavily in favor of using science fiction short stories and novellas in the MPA classroom setting. These include the need for interesting case scenarios exploring various administrative issues; leveling the playing field between the two types of students by de-emphasizing the use of "contemporary" cases; access to literature that explores the future shock of increasing organizational complexity; and the desirability of Rorschach type materials that facilitate discussion of. values and administrative truths. The discussion proceeds by tracing the development of the case study technique, its advantages and disadvantages in the classroom, addressing the utility of "fiction" as an educational resource, and showing how the science fiction literature has matured to the point where it can be applied in all of the major sub-fields of public administration. Several outstanding examples are detailed, and a thorough bibliography is provided.

scholarly journals A Regenerative Business Model with Flexible, Modular and Scalable Processes in A Post-Covid Era: The Case of The Spinning Mesh Disc Reactor (SMDR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6944
Author(s):  
Emma Anna Carolina Emanuelsson ◽  
Aurelie Charles ◽  
Parimala Shivaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Implementing Change ◽  
Chemical Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Flexible Operation

With stringent environmental regulations and a new drive for sustainable manufacturing, there is an unprecedented opportunity to incorporate novel manufacturing techniques. Recent political and pandemic events have shown the vulnerability to supply chains, highlighting the need for localised manufacturing capabilities to better respond flexibly to national demand. In this paper, we have used the spinning mesh disc reactor (SMDR) as a case study to demonstrate the path forward for manufacturing in the post-Covid world. The SMDR uses centrifugal force to allow the spread of thin film across the spinning disc which has a cloth with immobilised catalyst. The modularity of the design combined with the flexibility to perform a range of chemical reactions in a single equipment is an opportunity towards sustainable manufacturing. A global approach to market research allowed us to identify sectors within the chemical industry interested in novel reactor designs. The drivers for implementing change were identified as low capital cost, flexible operation and consistent product quality. Barriers include cost of change (regulatory and capital costs), limited technical awareness, safety concerns and lack of motivation towards change. Finally, applying the key features of a Sustainable Business Model (SBM) to SMDR, we show the strengths and opportunities for SMDR to align with an SBM allowing for a low-cost, sustainable and regenerative system of chemical manufacturing.

‘More Product, Less Process’ (MPLP): An early printed book project

2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062110267
Author(s):  
Karen Attar
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Main Research Interest ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century

This article addresses the challenge to make printed hidden collections known quickly without sacrificing ultimate quality. It takes as its starting point the archival mantra ‘More product, less process’ and explores its application to printed books, mindful of projects in the United States to catalogue 19th- and 20th-century printed books quickly and cheaply with the help of OCLC. A problem is lack of time or managerial inclination ever to return to ‘quick and dirty’ imports. This article is a case study concerning a collection of 18th-century English imprints, the Graveley Parish Library, at Senate House Library, University of London. Faced with the need to provide metadata as quickly as possible for digitisation purposes, Senate House Library decided, in contrast to its normal treatment of early printed books, to download records from the English Short Title Catalogue and amend them only very minimally before releasing them for public view, and to do this work from catalogue cards rather than the books themselves. The article describes the Graveley Parish collection, the project method’s rationale, and the advantages and disadvantages of sourcing the English Short Title Catalogue for metadata. It discusses the drawbacks of retrospective conversion (cataloguing from cards, not books): insufficient detail in some cases to identify the relevant book, and ignorance of the copy-specific elements of books which can constitute the main research interest. The method is compared against cataloguing similar books from photocopies of title pages, and retrospective conversion using English Short Title Catalogue is compared against retrospective conversion of early printed Continental books from cards using Library Hub Discover or OCLC. The control groups show our method’s effectiveness. The project succeeded by producing records fast that fulfilled their immediate purpose and simultaneously would obviously require revisiting. The uniform nature of the collection enabled the saving of time through global changes.

Application of failure mode and effects analysis to reduce microplastic emissions

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110031
Author(s):  
Ana Pires ◽  
Paula Sobral
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Heuristic Technique ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
Plastic Products

A complete understanding of the occurrence of microplastics and the methods to eliminate their sources is an urgent necessity to minimize the pollution caused by microplastics. The use of plastics in any form releases microplastics to the environment. Existing policy instruments are insufficient to address microplastics pollution and regulatory measures have focussed only on the microbeads and single-use plastics. Fees on the use of plastic products may possibly reduce their usage, but effective management of plastic products at their end-of-life is lacking. Therefore, in this study, the microplastic–failure mode and effect analysis (MP–FMEA) methodology, which is a semi-qualitative approach capable of identifying the causes and proposing solutions for the issue of microplastics pollution, has been proposed. The innovative feature of MP–FMEA is that it has a pre-defined failure mode, that is, the release of microplastics to air, water and soil (depending on the process) or the occurrence of microplastics in the final product. Moreover, a theoretical recycling plant case study was used to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of this method. The results revealed that MP–FMEA is an easy and heuristic technique to understand the failure-effect-causes and solutions for reduction of microplastics and can be applied by researchers working in different domains apart from those relating to microplastics. Future studies can include the evaluation of the use of MP–FMEA methodology along with quantitative methods for effective reduction in the release of microplastics.

scholarly journals The Computer-Assisted Web Interview Method as Used in the National Study of ICT Use in Primary Healthcare in Poland – Reflections on a Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Sowa ◽  
Bartosz Pędziński ◽  
Michalina Krzyżak ◽  
Dominik Maślach ◽  
Sylwia Wójcik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
National Study ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ict Use ◽  
Aforementioned Study

Abstract The development and widespread use of ICT in society are reflected by the way research is designed and conducted. The Computer Assisted Web Interview method is becoming more attractive and is a frequently used method in health sciences. The National Study of ICT Use in Primary Healthcare in Poland was conducted using this method. The aim of this paper is to present the major advantages and disadvantages of web surveys. Technical aspects of methodology and important stages of the aforementioned study, as well as key elements for its procedure, are mentioned. The authors also provide reflections based on their analysis of this national study, conducted between January and April 2014.

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