scholarly journals Studies on Physicochemical and Microbial Profiles of Selected Hotel Swimming Pools in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
D. C. Belonwu ◽  
M. K. C. Duru ◽  
A. T. O. Adenikinju ◽  
C. O. Alisa ◽  
O. T. Dawodu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Recreational Activity ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Rivers State

Studies on physicochemical and microbial profiles of selected hotel swimming pools in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria was carried out using standard methods. Six swimming pools of selected hotels within the Port Harcourt city that people use for recreational activity were selected for this study. The selection was done in such a way that all the zones within the city were considered. The hotels names were coded with alphabets for confidentiality. Each swimming pool was divided into up and down ends for this study. Average result obtained for both ends in each pool was taken as a sample value for each pool and was compared to World Health Organisation (WHO) standard for recreational water. Physicochemical results such as pH, alkalinity, calcium hardness, chlorine and residual chlorine of most of the studied pools were not within WHO standard. The microbial loads of the studied pools in terms of total coliform, faecal coliform and Escherichia coli were higher than WHO standard. There is no doubt that most of the studied hotel swimming pools fall short of WHO standard for recreational activity. This becomes important when the consequences of swimming in such pools to humans are considered. There is urgent need for the hotels hosting the studied swimming pools to adopt the important five keys to maintaining water quality in swimming pool, which include proper filtration, proper chlorination as well as adjustment of pH, total alkalinity and calcium hardness levels as stipulated by WHO standards. This study has shown the physicochemical and microbial profiles of selected hotel swimming pools in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Assessment of Bore Whole Water in Oroworukwu Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Akinfolarin OM ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rivers State

Water quality has become a serious issue to economic and social sustainable development, not only because of the imbalance between available scant water resource and dense population, but also the inefficiency of water resources regulation and management. This study is aimed at assessing the quality of borehole water at the study areas and to compare with standards, Water samples were collected from three stations (Mile 1 to 3) at nine points in oroworukwu area of Port Harcourt. Physicochemical parameters were analysed which includes pH, alkalinity, turbidity, temperature, salinity, total dissolved solid, conductivity, chloride, nitrate, and heavy metals. Bacterial analysis done included total coliform count, total fecal count and total heterotrophic bacteria. The results obtained showed a pH ranged of 4.8-5.9 which was below the permissible limit (6.8-7.8) of World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS). All other physicochemical parameter results were within permissible limits. There were no bacteria detected in the water which indicated that the water was not contaminated. In any case there is a need to treat the water to raise the pH to the acceptable value of WHO and NIS.

Some Physicochemical Parameters of Wastewater from an Oil Industry at Point of Discharge in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
O. A. F Wokoma ◽  
◽  
O. S Edori ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Water Association ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rivers State

Wastewater samples were collected from an oil industry at the point of discharge for a period of two years, from January 2018 – December 2019. The wastewater samples were analyzed for different physicochemical parameters such as temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), conductivity, pH, alkalinity, salinity, total hydrocarbon content (THC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) to examine their conformity to fulfill requirements as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), Federal Ministry of Environment (FME) and Drinking Water Association (DWA). The results indicated that all the parameters in the discharged wastewater were within acceptable limits of the regulatory bodies. The field data showed that the investigated firm conformed to the law by carrying out proper procedures before discharging the effluents into the public drain and river. Therefore, the release of wastewater from the industry doesn't constitute a danger to the environment as well as aquatic organisms. Keywords: Physicochemical parameter, wastewater discharge, oil industry, environment, contaminants

scholarly journals Some physicochemical parameters in the surface water of mini Whuo Stream in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 039-047
Author(s):  
Edori ES ◽  
Iyama WA ◽  
Awari JO
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Rivers State

The levels of physicochemical properties of Mini Whuo Stream in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria was evaluated. The physicochemical parameters were analyzed using standard conventional procedures. The average values recorded for the physicochemical parameters during the months of investigation were in the range; temperature; 30.00±0.42-30.26±0.83oC, with all-round mean of 30.14±0.47oC, pH; 6.22±0.33-6.42±0.25 (6.29±0.29), electrical conductivity; 146.01±74.04-147.26±75.13µS/cm (146.58±74.69 µS/cm), total alkalinity; 61.63±6.37-62.20±6.41mg/L (61.91±6.41 mg/L), sulphates; 109.67±51.34-110.67±51.88mg/L (110.22±51.81 mg/L), nitrates; 12.20±2.38-12.60±2.86mg/L (12.31±2.65 mg/L), turbidity; 49.32±1.49-50.18±2.02 NTU(49.83±1.55 NTU), TDS; 74.20±36.43-75.61±37.50 mg/L (75.00±36.81 mg/L), TSS; 27.14±2.12-28.37±0.78mg/L (27.64±1.89 mg/L), chlorides; 15.17±2.90-15.66±2.70mg/L (15.34±2.65 mg/L) and salinity; 24.36±4.83-24.82±4.97mg/L (24.66±4.78 mg/L). The evaluation of the physicochemical parameters showed that the Mini Whuo Stream has been contaminated due to human activities within the stream and therefore adequate measures should be taken to forestall the present situation of the stream in order to mitigate any possible increase in deterioration of the studied physicochemical parameters in the stream beyond acceptable limit.

scholarly journals Enumeration of Total and Faecal Coliform Bacteria in Drinking Water of Khairpur City

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hussain Shar ◽  
Yasmeen F Kazi ◽  
Miandad Zardari ◽  
Irshad Hussain Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Source Distribution ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Health Organization

Total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC) bacteria were analyzed in drinking water of Khairpur city. Ninty samples were collected from main reservoir (source), distribution line and consumer taps. pH and residual chlorine of water samples were also determined. For bacteriological analysis inductively membrane filtration (MF) method was used for total coliform (TC) as well as faecal (FC) coliform bacteria. All samples were found contaminated with total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC) and the counts were higher than the maximum microbial contaminant level (MMCL) established by World Health Organization (WHO). It was observed that pH was within the limits of WHO standard (6.5-8.5). The residual chlorine was not detected in any sample of drinking water. Bacteriologically the water quality of the drinking water is unsatisfactory.Keywords: Coliform, Escherichia coli, Water quality, Contamination, SanitationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1266

scholarly journals An exploration of disinfection by-products formation and governing factors in chlorinated swimming pool water

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huma Ilyas ◽  
Ilyas Masih ◽  
Jan Peter van der Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water ◽  
By Products

Abstract This paper investigates disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation and their relationship with governing factors in chlorinated swimming pools. The study compares concentrations of DBPs with WHO guidelines for drinking water quality recommended to screen swimming pool water quality. The statistical analysis is based on a global database of 188 swimming pools accumulated from 42 peer-reviewed journal publications from 16 countries. The mean and standard deviation of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid were estimated as 282 ± 437 and 326 ± 517 μg L−1, respectively, which most often surpassed the WHO guidelines. Similarly, more than half of the examined pools had higher values of chloral hydrate (102 ± 128 μg L−1). The concentration of total chloramines (650 ± 490 μg L−1) was well above the WHO guidelines in all reported cases. Nevertheless, the reported values remained below the guidelines for most of the studied pools in the case of total trihalomethanes (134 ± 160 μg L−1), dichloroacetonitrile (12 ± 12 μg L−1) and dibromoacetonitrile (8 ± 11 μg L−1). Total organic carbon, free residual chlorine, temperature, pH, total nitrogen and bromide ions play a pivotal role in DBPs formation processes. Therefore, proper management of these governing factors could significantly reduce DBPs formation, thereby, contributing towards a healthy swimming pool environment.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn.) around Automobile Workshops in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 48-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olatunde Sunday Eludoyin ◽  
Onisoya Margaret Ogbe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Supporting Soil ◽  
Rivers State

Background. Consumption of plants such as Carica papaya grown around automobile workshops is common in big cities in Nigeria. However, little is known about the heavy metals contamination of these consumables due to the influence of automobile emissions during maintenance activities. Objectives. This study aimed to assess heavy metal concentrations in C. papaya and supporting soils around automobile workshops in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods. Seven automobile workshops were used for the present study. First, 20 m × 20 m quadrats were laid out for soil and C. papaya tissue sampling. One composite soil sample was collected from the topsoil (0–15 cm depth) around each of the automobile workshops. Three C. papaya stands at least 30 cm apart around each workshop were used for the study and from these stands, tissues (root, stem, leaf, fruit) of C. papaya were collected. Standard laboratory techniques were used to determine the pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and heavy metals (lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)) in the soil samples and C. papaya tissues. Pairwise t-test was used to determine significant differences (p<0.05) in the heavy metal concentrations in soil and C. papaya tissues between the sample and control sites, while correlation statistics were used to determine the relationship of heavy metal concentrations between soil and C. papaya tissues. Results. C. papaya tissues and supporting soil had significantly higher levels of pH, EC and heavy metals in the sampled plots than the control plot. The heavy metal concentrations in C. papaya and soil occurred in the decreasing order of Pb>Cu>Hg>Zn>Cd. The fruit of C. papaya had the highest mean concentrations of Pb (51.4±14.1 mg/kg) and Zn (26.4±1.9 mg/kg), while the leaf had the highest mean concentration of Hg (32.0±2.3 mg/kg). The pH, Cu and Zn in the supporting soil were significantly correlated with the levels in the C. papaya tissues. Conclusion. Bio-accumulation of heavy metals by C. papaya is evident around automobile workshops, and Pb, Hg, Cd concentrations were found to be above the permissible limits for human consumption according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Consumption of food materials grown around automobile workshops could pose health risks. Competing interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Examining the Relationships between Properties of Atmospheric Precipitates (Rain and Dew Water) and Emitted GHGs across the Different Land Use Types in Port Harcourt Metropolis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
A. Obisesan ◽  
M. O. Nwagbara
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Dew Water ◽  
One Year

In this study, the researchers examine the relationships between contaminants found in rain and dew water and the greenhouse gases emitted in Port Harcourt. The quasi experimental research design was used to carry out the study. Primary data of rain and dew water, and GHGs amounts were collected directly by the researcher at designated sampling points in Port Harcourt metropolis for a period of one year. The Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient was used for data analysis in the environment of the IBM/statistical package for the social sciences (IBM/SPSS). Results obtained showed that GHGs amounts across the various land uses were higher than World Health Organisation (WHO) standards for all the gases examined. Alsot the land uses that ought to generate the GHGs, such as the residential and urban land-uses had lower emission rates than thick vegetation and fresh water land uses. The correlation coefficients between the gases and the atmospheric precipitates show that, there are positive relationship between gas emission and contaminates in rain and dew water at P<0.05. Also, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), had inverse relationships in some instances, revealing the influence of other atmospheric controls such as wind speed and direction. Following these findings, the study recommends that, locals abstain from rainfall, boil harvested rainwater before use for domestic purposes, and laws be both enacted and enforced to reduce pollution rates in the metropolis and adjoining areas.

scholarly journals Bacteriological and Parasitological Assessment of Water use in Selected Abattoirs in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Eze Chinwe Nwadiuto ◽  
Ihua Nnenna ◽  
Ijewere Blessing Ofureb
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Rivers State

In the abattoir, large amount of water is being used in processing operations; and this produces huge amount of wastewater which empty into the surrounding water bodies. The cross-sectional study followed the conventional microbiological techniques of macroscopy, microscopy, isolation, and identification to assess the bacteriological and parasitological examination of water sources in selected abattoirs in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. The result of microbial population showed Total Coliform ranging from 5 x 101cfu/ml – 2.80 x 102cfu/ml and Faecal Coliform bacteria of 2.80 x 101 cfu/ml -1.85 x 102 cfu/ml. Total Heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 7.8 x101cfu/ml to 4.2 x102cfu/ml. The mean microbial counts; 4.86 x101 cfu/ml Fecal Coliform, 9.65 x 101cfu/ml Total Coliform and 1.82 x 102cfu/ml Heterotrophic Count. The isolates identified were Klebsiella spp, Shigella spp., Salmonella typhymurium, E. coli, Proteus spp., Salmonella paratyphi, Vibrio cholera. Nkpor village abattoir recorded highest occurrence of bacteria isolate with a total of 50(22.03%) followed by Iwofe 48(21.15%). Water sample from ponds had a higher parasitic contamination while samples from the borehole were free from parasitic infestation. Water samples for parasitological assessment were filtered and examined for parasitic organism using standard methods. Four different parasites were identified in the study, they include Ascaris lumbricoides (32.5%), Entamoeba histolytica (22.5%), Giardia lamblia (17.5%) and the least Taenia spp (7.5%). Nkpor-village abattoir had the highest level of contamination with (30.0%) parasite occurrence, followed by Mgboshimini abattoir (15.0%). The use of unsafe water for meat processing by butchers, portends a serious public health risk to consumers who purchase the meat, from these abattoirs. Therefore, government should endeavour to make borehole water available to all the abattoirs in Port Harcourt.

scholarly journals Culture-Dependent Evaluation of Microbial and Proximate Composition of Ready-to-Eat (RTE) African Salad Sold at Nkpolu-Oroworukwo Ultra-Modern Market (Mile 3, Diobu), Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Lawrence O. Amadi ◽  
Christian C. Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Culture Dependent

This study attempts to evaluate culture-dependent microbial and proximate composition of African salad (Abacha) sold at Nkpolu Oroworukwo (mile 3) market, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Samples were bought from stationary vendors at market within the months of March, 2019 to March, 2021. Garnished African salad (GAS) and ungarnished African salad (UAS) samples were determined by standard microbiological techniques whereas proximate composition (PC) was analysed by the methods of Association of Official of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) Total aerobic plate counts (TAPCs), total coliform counts (TCCs) and fungal counts (FCs) of GAS were higher 4.5x104CFU/g, 5.3x104CFU/g and 1.1x104CFU/g respectively as against 3.4x104CFU/g, 3.8x104 CFU/g and 0.8x104CFU/g for UAG. Microfloral diversity were more in GAS with species such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella sp., Micrococcus sp.. Bacillus sp., Enterobacter sp., and Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Fusarium sp., Mucor sp., Saccharomyces and Candida species than in UAS. Nutrient composition, energy (116.00Kcal/100g) and pH (6.4) values were higher in GAS. In contrast, only the moisture (62.52±0.53%) and carbohydrate (23.21±0.21%) contents were slightly higher in UAS than those in GAS. The study revealed that African salad’ bioburden was slightly above the microbiological standard limits of International Commission on Microbiological Specification for Foods (ICMSF) and (Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) for RTE foods for mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB)/TAPC but exceeded that for total coliforms. However, the microbes detected are likely aetiologic agents of several food borne diseases (FBDs) in human and animal pathologies. Therefore, adequate surveillance, monitoring and compliance with hygienic practices and environmental sanitary measures during processing, fortification and distribution should be enforced by regulatory agencies and stakeholders for wholesome and palatable RTE foods.

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